乙醇分级沉淀的樟芝多糖对于小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究不同浓度乙醇沉淀获得的樟芝多糖对于急性肝损伤小鼠的保肝作用。方法 采用不同浓度的乙醇沉淀获得樟芝多糖,建立D-氨基半乳糖的急性肝损伤小鼠,Elisa法检测各组血清的谷丙转氨酶（ALT）,谷草转氨酶（AST）,肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-10（IL-10）的表达以及肝组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px、GSH的表达,肝脏HE染色检查组织病理,qPCR检测肝组织中Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3的mRNA的表达。确定樟芝多糖中对于小鼠急性肝损伤有效的部分。结果 樟芝多糖的各浓度的乙醇沉淀物均有一定的保肝作用,其中90%乙醇沉淀的多糖对于小鼠模型ALT、AST的含量具有显著的降低作用且优于其他组多糖（P<0.05）。4种多糖可以显著降低血清中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、和肝组织中Bax、Caspase-3mRNA的表达,提高白介素-10（IL-10）和肝组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px、GSH蛋白表达以及Bcl-2mRNA的表达（P<0.05）。且PW90多糖效果较好。结论 不同浓度乙醇沉淀的樟芝多糖对于急性肝损伤有着一定的保护作用,90%乙醇沉淀获得的多糖保肝作用优于其他浓度乙醇沉淀获得的多糖。     

樟芝多糖通过CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞对小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的保护作用

目的 研究樟芝多糖通过CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺调节性T细胞（Treg）的调控对小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的保护作用。方法 高脂饮食构建小鼠NAFLD模型,设置对照组、模型组、低剂量组、高剂量组。樟芝多糖干预1~4周中每周流式细胞术检测外周血Treg细胞的比例,谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）的表达,外周血中转化生长因子β（TGF-β）、白介素-6（IL-6）的表达。樟芝多糖干预4周后,小鼠处死,取肝脏进行油红染色,Western blot法检测肝组织中TGF-β和Foxp3、Smad3蛋白的表达,RT-qPCR检测IL-6、TGF-β、Foxp3、Smad3的mRNA表达。结果 高脂饮食喂养4周后成功构建NAFLD小鼠模型,且模型组中Terg比例显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,樟芝多糖干预后Treg比例相比模型组显著增高（P<0.05）,小鼠肝功能得到显著改善,外周血中TGF-β表达上调、IL-6的表达下调,肝组织中TGF-β和Foxp3、Smad3蛋白和mRNA均上调,而IL-6的mRNA表达下调。结论 樟芝多糖可以通过Treg和TGF-β-Smad3信号对NAFLD起到保护作用,作用机制和免疫改善有关。     

樟芝多糖辅助bFGF对于大鼠机械性脊髓损伤后神经功能修复的作用研究

目的 研究樟芝多糖联合碱性成纤维细胞因子（basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF）对于机械性脊髓损伤的大鼠神经功能修复的作用。方法 采用改良的Allens法构建大鼠脊髓机械性损伤模型,将大鼠分为对照组、模型组、bFGF组、樟芝多糖组、bFGF+樟芝多糖组,药物干预时间为30 d。在药物干预后第1,7,14,21,30天对大鼠进行脊髓损伤（Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan,BBB）评分、诱发电位（somatosensory evoked potential,SEP）试验、运动诱发电位（motor evokedpotential,MEP）试验,30 d后处死大鼠,提取脊髓组织后进行HE染色和Nissl染色,Elisa检测组织中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素1β（IL-1β）、趋化因子10（CXCL-10）、集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）和白介素10（IL-10）的表达。结果 bFGF、樟芝多糖单一使用对小鼠神经功能BBB评分和SEP、MEP试验结果均优于模型组（P<0.05）,而bFGF+樟芝多糖组的BBB评分和SEP、MEP试验优于单一用药组（P<0.05）。bFGF组、樟芝多糖组、bFGF+樟芝多糖组的脊髓组织中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、CXCL-10的表达显著低于模型组（P<0.05）,而GM-CSF和IL-10的表达高于模型组（P<0.05）,且bFGF+樟芝多糖组显著优于bFGF组和樟芝多糖组（P<0.05）。结论 樟芝多糖辅助bFGF对于机械性脊髓损伤大鼠有着良好的神经功能修复作用,且优于使用单一的bFGF,其作用可能与抗炎症因子的表达,促进神经细胞的存活有关。     

樟芝多糖通过调节肠黏膜浸润的Th9及IL-9的表达调控小鼠慢性结肠炎的机制研究

目的 研究樟芝多糖调节结肠黏膜浸润的Th9及其细胞因子IL-9的表达,从而减轻小鼠慢性结肠炎的机制。方法 利用葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sulfate sodium,DSS）构建小鼠慢性结肠炎模型,设置正常组、模型组、阳性对照组（抗IL-9抗体注射组）以及樟芝多糖组（20 mg·kg^-1）。DAI评分综合评价小鼠1个月内活动能力,测定小鼠1个月内的体质量变化,流式细胞术检测外周血、结肠黏膜固有层中单个核细胞中CD4+IL-9+T细胞的比例,ELISA法检测外周血及结肠黏膜中IL-9、TGF-β以及IL-4的表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测小鼠结肠黏膜中IL-9、TGF-β、smad3及IL-4的表达,HE染色观察小鼠结肠组织病理。结果 DSS可以引起小鼠慢性结肠炎性病变,DAI评分结果显示模型组小鼠活动能力明显下降,而樟芝多糖干预后DAI评分显著降低（P<0.05）,模型组小鼠外周血及结肠黏膜固有层中Th9比例相比正常组显著增高（P<0.05）,外周血及结肠黏膜中IL-9、TGF-β及IL-4的蛋白及mRNA表达也显著增高（P<0.05）。阳性对照组及樟芝多糖组小鼠外周血及结肠黏膜固有层中Th9比例相比模型组显著下调（P<0.05）,且外周血及结肠黏膜中IL-9,TGF-β以及IL-4的蛋白及mRNA表达也显著下调（P<0.05）,HE染色结肠病理情况明显好转。结论 樟芝多糖可以通过调节Th9比例和IL-9表达改善小鼠慢性结肠炎,其作用与免疫调节及抗炎作用有关。     

樟芝多糖抑制6-OHDA诱导的多巴胺能神经元细胞炎症反应的作用机制研究

目的 探究樟芝多糖通过抑制ROS-NLRP3-caspase-1途径调节6-羟基多巴胺（6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA）诱导的多巴胺能神经元（dopaminergic neurons,DAN）细胞炎症反应的作用。方法 分离小鼠中脑DAN细胞,采用6-OHDA体外构建帕金森病细胞模型,将细胞分为正常组、模型组、对照组、实验组。正常组为常规培养的DAN细胞,模型组为6-OHDA处理的DAN细胞,对照组为ROS抑制剂乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）+6-OHDA处理的DAN细胞,实验组为6-OHDA+樟芝多糖处理的DAN细胞。采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,流式细胞术和免疫荧光染色法检测ROS的水平,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,Hoechst 33342染色活细胞,蛋白免疫印迹（Western-bolt）法检测细胞中NLRP3、caspase-1、pro-caspase-1的表达水平,酶联免疫吸附（Elisa）法检测上清中IL-1β、IL-6和IL-18的分泌水平。结果 模型组中6-OHDA可以诱导DAN细胞炎症反应,ROS表达增高,NLRP3-caspase-1炎性小体水平增高,细胞凋亡率增高,相比正常组具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。樟芝多糖干预后,ROS的水平下调,NLRP3-caspase-1炎性小体水平降低,细胞凋亡率下调,相比模型组具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论 樟芝多糖可以通过抑制ROS-NLRP3-caspase-1途径调节6-OHDA诱导DAN炎症反应,这可能是樟芝多糖在帕金森病炎症反应中的作用机制之一。     

片仔癀对酒精诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠自噬和NLRP3炎症小体活化的影响

目的 研究片仔癀（Pien-Tze-Huang,PTH）对酒精（alcohol）诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法 将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白组、酒精组、PTH低（75 mg·kg^-1）、中（150 mg·kg^-1）、高（300 mg·kg^-1）剂量组,连续灌胃给药3 d（2次/天）。除空白组外,其余各组小鼠于末次给药2 h后灌胃酒精（0.12 mg/10 g）进行造模;24 h后各组小鼠摘眼球取血以测定ALT、AST和TG水平;并取肝组织进行HE检查;qRT-PCR检测肝组织中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α mRNA表达水平;Western blot检测NLRP3、Caspase-1 p20、IL-18、Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达水平。结果 与模型组相比,PTH可明显减轻酒精诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤病理情况,降低血清中ALT、AST和TG的含量（P<0.05或P<0.01）;PTH可明显降低酒精诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α mRNA的表达水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）;PTH可明显上调酒精诱导急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织中LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值以及Beclin1的蛋白表达水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）,下调NLRP3、Caspase-1 p20、IL-18蛋白表达水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 片仔癀可能通过调控自噬和NLRP3炎症小体活化而减少炎症介质释放,进而改善酒精诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤。     

双去甲氧基姜黄素对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及机制

目的 研究双去甲氧基姜黄素（BDMC）对四氯化碳（CCl₄）致小鼠肝损伤模型的保护作用及机制。方法 雄性KM小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、联苯双酯100 mg·kg^-1剂量（BDD100）组、双去甲氧基姜黄素12.5、25及50 mg·kg^-1剂量组,每组12只。联苯双酯及双去甲氧基姜黄素灌胃给药,每天1次,连续给药7 d。末次给药1 h后,除对照组外,其余小鼠均采用腹腔注射2％四氯化碳橄榄油溶液制备小鼠肝损伤模型。造模24 h后,检测血清谷氨酸转氨酶（ALT）及天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平;ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）水平;Western blot检测肝组织bax、bcl-2及cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达。结果 与对照组相比,模型组小鼠血清谷氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶活力及肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β水平均明显升高（P<0.01）;肝组织bax/bcl-2及cleaved caspase-3表达明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）。与模型组相比,双去甲氧基姜黄素12.5、25 mg·kg^-1剂量组小鼠血清谷氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶活力及肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β水平均明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）;肝组织bax/bcl-2及cleaved caspase-3表达明显降低（P<0.05, P<0.01）。结论 双去甲氧基姜黄素对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抗炎及抗凋亡有关。     

枸杞多糖对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的 研究枸杞多糖对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及机制。方法 将小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和枸杞多糖低、中、高剂量（75、150、300 mg/kg）组,第1~9天于每日13：00时分别ig给药,模型组和对照组给予等量双蒸水。第10~16天给药4 h后,枸杞多糖和模型组小鼠均ig 50%酒精20 mL/kg进行造模,对照组小鼠给予等量双蒸水。观察小鼠一般状态,末次ig酒精16 h后处死小鼠,检测肝脏指数;全自动生化分析仪检测血清中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）水平;试剂盒法测定肝组织丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、总超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）的含量;HE染色观察肝组织病理变化。结果 与模型组比较,枸杞多糖各剂量组小鼠醒酒时间短,毛色有所改善,较活跃;各剂量组肝脏指数呈下降趋势,但不具有统计学意义;各剂量组血清ALT、AST、TC、TG均呈下降趋势,其中高、中剂量组ALT显著降低（P<0.05）,3个剂量组TG浓度均差异显著（P<0.01）;各剂量组小鼠肝脏MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05、0.01）,GSH、SOD水平显著升高（P<0.05、0.01）,GSH-Px水平升高但未表现出显著性差异;高、中剂量组小鼠肝脏TNF-α和IL-1β水平显著降低（P<0.05、0.01）。HE染色显示,与模型组比较,枸杞多糖各组肝组织破坏程度较轻。结论 枸杞多糖对于乙醇诱导的酒精性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用,作用机制可能与通过清除体内多余自由基、增强体内抗氧化能力以及减轻炎症反应相关。     

牛樟叶总多糖对慢性酒精性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用及机制研究

目的 研究牛樟叶总多糖对大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用与机制。方法 60只雄性大鼠按体质量随机分为对照组、模型组、多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊（10.944 mg/kg）组及牛樟叶总多糖高、中、低剂量（50.0、37.5、25.0 mg/kg）组。对照组和模型组给予蒸馏水,其余各组给予不同剂量药物。给药0.5 h后,除对照组外,其余各组均ig体积分数为56%红星二锅头,共给药8周。采用苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察各组肝组织形态及结构的变化,测定各组大鼠血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、丙氨酸基转移酶（ALT）、谷氨酸基转移酶（AST）、三酰甘油（TG）及肝组织匀浆液中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平。免疫组织化学法测定大鼠肝脏沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）、磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶α（p-AMPKα）表达水平。蛋白质印迹法测定肝组织SIRT1、AMPKα、p-AMPKα、甾醇调节元件结合蛋白1c（SREBP1c）水平。结果 病理切片结果表明,牛樟叶总多糖能改善大鼠肝组织病理变化。与模型组相比,牛樟叶总多糖各剂量组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、TG、ALT、AST水平均明显降低（P<0.05）;GSH水平明显升高（P<0.05）。牛樟叶总多糖可提高SIRT1表达及AMPKα的磷酸化水平。结论 牛樟叶总多糖对慢性酒精性肝损伤有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化应激、抑制炎症反应、调节SIRT1/AMPK信号通路有关。     

葡萄籽原花青素对酒精性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的 考察葡萄籽原花青素（grape seed procyanidin,GSP）对酒精性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及其抗炎机制。方法 ICR小鼠60只,♂,随机分成正常对照组、模型组（56%乙醇）、水飞蓟素组（56%乙醇+90 mg·kg^-1·d^-1水飞蓟素）及GSP高、中、低剂量组（56%乙醇+400,200,100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1GSP）。8周后用分光光度法检测血清中ALT、AST水平,肝MDA含量和SOD、GSH-Px活力;酶联免疫法检测肝NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1β的含量;HE染色检测肝脏病理改变。结果 与模型组比较,GSP可以降低酒精性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST含量及肝组织中MDA、NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1β含量（P<0.05）,提高SOD、GSH-PX活力（P<0.05）,减轻肝脏的病理损伤程度（P<0.05）。结论 GSP对酒精性肝损伤小鼠具有保护作用,其机制可能是通过抗氧化和降炎症反应来发挥作用。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱.方法 采用Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃,洗脱时间为80 min.采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)对检测出色谱进行...     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

AMELIORIATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE INJURY BY CYCLOSPORINE A

Cyclosporine A, beside its current applications, possesses potential hepatoprotective effects. This study was directed to investigate the effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment on hepatic injury due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and -galactosamine. Rats were injected by two successive doses of Cyclosporine A (5mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹). Six hours after the second dose, 1mlkg⁻¹of CCl₄was administered i.p. Effects associated with Cyclosporine A pretreatment were examined by using isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes that were immobilized and continuously perfused. -Galactosamine (5m ) was added directly to the perfusion medium. After isolation, hepatocytes were examined histologically by light and electron microscopy, immobilized and perfused for further metabolic functional activity evaluation. Cyclosporine A pretreatmentin vivoproduced hepatoameliorative effects of various degrees which were statistically significant as manifested by: (1) an increased trypan blue exclusion after CCl₄; (2) an improved ureagenesis after CCl₄; (3) a reduction in the lipid droplets accumulation in the cytoplasm produced by CCl₄administration; (4) well preserved cytoplasmic organelles as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum ER, nuclear chromatin structures that were altered by CCl₄; and (5) an increased hepatocytes survival in the agarose gel matrix, reduction of LD leakage and improvement of ureagenesis after -galactosamine addition to the perfusion medium. The beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment in modifying hepatotoxicity of chemical insults merits further studies.