芒柄花素磺酸钠在脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织的药动学研究

目的建立脑组织样品中芒柄花素磺酸钠的高效液相色谱分析方法,确定芒柄花素磺酸钠在脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑内的量–时关系,明确芒柄花素磺酸钠在模型大鼠脑组织中的吸收分布情况。方法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,随机分为10组,每组各5只。于脑缺血1 h及再灌注3.5 h ip芒柄花素磺酸钠注射液20 mg/kg,并于给药后15、30、45、60、90、120、150、180、240、300 min实施心脏灌流后取脑组织匀浆。样品处理后,采用HPLC法检测各时间点脑组织中芒柄花素磺酸钠的质量浓度。采用药动学软件Win Non Lin 6.3对数据进行分析,计算药动学参数。结果模型大鼠缺血1 h再灌注4 h时给药,脑组织中芒柄花素磺酸钠含量最高。芒柄花素磺酸钠在模型大鼠脑组织内药动学参数t1/2、Cmax、AUC0-t分别为(261.18±49.33)min、(1.56±0.37)μg/m L、(93.60±7.13)min·μg/m L。结论芒柄花素磺酸钠可以进入脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织,滞留时间长。     

HPLC法测定康复春口服液中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷和人参皂苷Rb1

目的建立HPLC同时测定康复春口服液中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷和人参皂苷Rb_1的方法。方法采用Diamonsil C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–0.2%甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长254 nm(0~30 min,检测毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素)、210 nm(30~36 min,检测黄芪甲苷)和203 nm(36~50 min,检测人参皂苷Rb_1);体积流量:0.8 mL/min;柱温:30℃;进样量为20μL。结果毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷、人参皂苷Rb_1分别在3.29~82.25μg/mL(r=0.999 1)、4.77~119.25μg/mL(r=0.999 8)、4.16~104.00μg/mL(r=0.999 2)、11.33~283.25μg/mL(r=0.999 7)、7.39~184.75μg/mL(r=0.999 9)、2.05~51.25μg/mL(r=0.999 5)线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为97.98%、98.45%、97.38%、99.72%、98.67%、96.99%,RSD值分别0.91%、1.41%、0.78%、1.09%、1.22%、0.85%。结论方法专属性强,结果准确,重复性好,为更好地评价康复春口服液的质量提供参考。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定宝宝乐中四种成分的含量

目的建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定宝宝乐中芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和芒柄花素的含量。方法采用Venusil MP C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,检测波长分别为230 nm(芍药内酯苷、芍药苷)和254 nm(毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素),流速0.9mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量为10μL。结果芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和芒柄花素4个成分的质量浓度分别在4.18~83.60μg/mL(r=0.999 8)、5.14~102.80μg/mL(r=0.999 5)、5.60~112.00μg/mL(r=0.999 9)、4.72~94.40μg/mL(r=0.999 3)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率及相应的RSD分别为99.66%(0.96%)、98.17%(1.39%)、97.00%(1.48%)、99.92%(0.58%);精密度良好,RSD≤1.06%;重复性良好,RSD≤1.69%。供试品溶液在室温条件下12 h内稳定,RSD≤1.12%。结论所建立的方法灵敏度高、快速、专属性好、准确度高,为宝宝乐的质量控制提供了依据。     

栀灯注射液中栀子苷、灯盏花素的大鼠药代动力学初步研究

目的建立大鼠血浆样品中栀子苷和灯盏花素的高效液相色谱检测方法,并研究栀灯注射液在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征,为其剂量设置提供依据。方法大鼠尾静脉注射栀灯注射液高、中、低3个剂量后检测不同时间血浆中栀子苷和灯盏花素的浓度,并估算药代动力学参数。结果所建立的测定方法对灯盏花素的线性范围为0.2~40μg/mL,对栀子苷的线性范围为0.5~200μg/mL,回收率大于85%,日内及日间RSD均小于10%。静注给予栀灯注射液后,灯盏花素和栀子苷的平均消除半衰期分别为21.6和72.6 min,分布容积分别为0.23~1.24和0.37~1.05 L/kg。结论建立的大鼠血浆中灯盏花素和栀子苷HPLC测定方法适合于药代动力学研究。     

头痛宁鼻腔喷雾剂在大鼠体内的药动学及脑靶向研究

目的:研究头痛宁鼻腔喷雾剂经鼻给药后在大鼠体内的药动学及脑靶向情况。方法:84只SD大鼠分为鼻腔给药组和静脉给药组,每组42只,给药剂量均为1.2 mL/kg。分别于给药后5、10、15、30、60、90、120 min于腹主动脉取血5 mL,并取脑组织(每个时间点6只)。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定各组大鼠血浆和脑组织中升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷的浓度,采用DAS 2.0软件计算药动学参数及脑靶向性指数。结果:鼻腔给药组大鼠血浆中升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷的c_(max)分别为(0.202 4±0.015 8)、(0.373 8±0.085 7)μg/mL,t_(max)均为(10.000 0±0.000 0)min,AUC_(0-∞)分别为(16.542 9±2.110 3)、(27.452 7±5.572 1)μg·h/mL;脑组织中升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷的c_(max)分别为(0.180 2±0.038 4)、(0.320 4±0.027 7)μg/g,t_(max)均为(10.000 0±0.000 0)min,AUC_(0-∞)分别为(17.105 3±2.432 9)、(24.541 6±3.753 4)μg·h/g。静脉给药组大鼠血浆中升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷的c_(max)分别为(0.300 2±0.016 1)、(0.526 7±0.044 1)μg/mL,t_(max)均为(10.000 0±0.000 0)min,AUC_(0-∞)分别为(28.010 5±4.112 8)、(60.294 1±11.290 2)μg·h/mL;脑组织中升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷的c_(max)分别为(0.149 8±0.031 5)、(0.199 8±0.040 1)μg/g,t_(max)均为(15.000 0±0.000 0)min,AUC_(0-∞)分别为(22.643 4±2.883 1)、(36.721 8±14.885 6)μg·h/g。升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷脑靶向性指数分别为2.387 0、2.176 1。结论:头痛宁鼻腔喷雾剂鼻腔给药后一部分药物可经鼻腔吸收直接转运至脑,制成鼻腔喷雾剂科学合理。     

不同产地、不同采收期黄芪药材及饮片中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷及芒柄花素含量测定

目的:采用HPLC法测定不同产地、不同采收期黄芪药材及饮片中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷及芒柄花素含量。方法:采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL·min-1,柱温35℃,检测波长260 nm。结果:毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素线性范围分别为0.1272～12.72μg(r=0.9999)和0.003344～2.508μg(r=0.9999),平均回收率(n=6)分别为98.9%(RSD=1.7%)和99.0%(RSD=2.3%)。不同产地黄芪药材及饮片中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和芒柄花素含量差异较大,生长年限6年的黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和芒柄花素含量最高。结论:该方法简单快捷,适合于黄芪中黄酮类化合物的含量测定研究,为寻找更佳黄芪产地及黄芪采收期提供了依据。     

高效液相色谱法测定灯盏乙素血药浓度及其脂质体大鼠药代动力学的评价

目的研究灯盏乙素脂质体及水剂在大鼠体内的血药浓度,考察大鼠灌胃给药后体内药代动力学参数。方法通过大鼠灌胃灯盏乙素水溶液和脂质体后,用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间点的血浆药物浓度,用DAS2.0软件对血药浓度数据拟合分析,比较药动学参数。结果灯盏乙素水剂和脂质体大鼠灌胃给药后,Cmax分别是(15.35±1.37)μg/mL和(22.04±1.67)μg/mL,AUC0-∞分别为(50.03±13.45)μg/(h·mL)和(80.96±15.26)μg/(h·mL),灯盏乙素包衣脂质体大鼠口服给药后药动学呈双室模型特征,与灯盏乙素水剂相比,其脂质体的灌胃AUC0-∞显著提高(P<0.01)。结论本高效液相色谱法对大鼠血浆灯盏乙素测定,稳定性、灵敏度及专属性强,灯盏乙素脂质体可显著提高灯盏乙素的生物利用度。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定参芪膏中6个主要成分的含量

目的建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定参芪膏中党参炔苷、丁香苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素的含量。方法采用Zorbax XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0μm),以乙腈-甲醇(9∶1)(A)-0.1%甲酸溶液(B)为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速0.9 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量为10μL,检测波长:266 nm(党参炔苷、丁香苷)、254 nm(毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素)。结果党参炔苷、丁香苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素6个成分分别在15.49~309.80、2.15~43.00、5.66~113.20、4.89~97.80、3.28~65.60、12.06~241.20μg/mL范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.999 7、0.999 2、0.999 5、0.999 3、0.999 6、0.999 9;平均加样回收率及相应的RSD分别为98.07%(0.61%)、99.09%(1.53%)、99.44%(1.33%)、97.86%(1.28%)、99.95%(1.04%)、97.19%(0.58%)。结论所建立的方法快速,灵敏度高,准确度高,专属性好,为参芪膏的质量控制提供依据。     

泮托拉唑钠在大鼠体内药动学研究

目的建立HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中泮托拉唑钠对映体,研究泮托拉唑钠在大鼠体内药动学特征。方法血浆用醋酸乙酯提取,以非那西丁为内标,Chiralcel OJ-RH色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为20 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠(含0.01%磷酸)–乙腈(78∶22),紫外检测波长为288 nm,体积流量为1.0 m L/min,柱温40℃。大鼠尾iv消旋体16 mg/kg,HPLC-UV法测定血浆中左旋和右旋泮托拉唑钠浓度,并采用DAS 2.0软件计算药动学参数。结果左旋泮托拉唑钠、右旋泮托拉唑钠线性范围均为0.156~40.000μg/m L,定量限为0.156μg/m L。泮托拉唑钠左旋体与右旋体的主要药动学参数分别为:Cmax(38.13±3.33)、(40.52±3.69)μg/L;AUC0-τ(1 688.45±302.38)、(1 399.88±376.44)min·μg/m L;AUC0-∞(1710.61±309.40)、(1 417.29±383.21)min·μg/m L;t1/2(30.92±6.41)、(22.37±7.59)h。结论泮托拉唑钠对映体在大鼠体内的药动学存在立体选择性特征,为临床合理应用手性药物泮托拉唑钠提供参考。     

UPLC法测定大鼠血浆中那格列奈的浓度及药动学研究

目的:建立测定大鼠血浆中那格列奈浓度的方法,并研究其在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法:采用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)。色谱柱为Acquity UPLC~? BEH C_(18),流动相为乙腈-10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲盐溶液(41:59,V/V),流速为0.38 mL/min,柱温为35℃,检测波长为210 nm,进样量为2μL。18只Wistar大鼠分别ig那格列奈16 mg/kg,分别于给药前及给药后10、20、30、45、60、90、120、180、240、360、480 min于眼内眦取血0.4 mL,测定血浆中那格列奈的浓度;并采用DAS 2.1.1软件计算那格列奈药动学参数。结果:那格列奈质量浓度在0.05~6.4μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 3),定量下限为0.05μg/mL;日内(n=5)、日间(n=3)精密度和稳定性(n=3)试验的RSD均小于10%;提取回收率和方法回收率分别为78.71%~80.56%、91.78%~100.42%(RSD<10%,n=5)。大鼠ig那格列奈后,AUC_(0-8h)为(5.87±2.32)μg·h/mL,AUC_(0-∞)为(6.11±2.48)μg·h/mL,t_(1/2)为(1.72±0.55)h,t_(max)为(0.67±0.29)h,c_(max)为(3.34±1.23)μg/mL。结论:该方法准确快速、专属性强,可用于大鼠体内那格列奈浓度的测定;那格列奈在大鼠体内吸收迅速、代谢较快。     

RP-HPLC测定4，5，2’-三吗啉酰氧基-2，5'-二氯二苯甲酮原料药的含量及有关物质

目的 建立测定原料药4,5,2''-三吗啉酰氧基-2,5''-二氯二苯甲酮（LF1）的含量及有关物质的RP-HPLC方法。方法 采用Diamonsil C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-磷酸水（60：40,pH3.0）为流动相,检测波长230 nm,体积流量1 mL/min,柱温25℃。结果 主峰与杂质峰分离良好,LF1和杂质A分别在质量浓度1.0~100（r=0.999 8）和0.2~2.4 mg/L （r=0.999 6）线性关系良好,最低检测限分别为1和2 ng/mL,平均回收率分别为100.7%和102.0%。结论 本法简便、快速、准确,可用于LF1原料药的含量及有关物质的测定。     

2',4'-二羟基-3'-甲基-3-甲氧基查耳酮上调p21抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞的生长

目的 探讨2'',4''-二羟基-3''-甲基-3-甲氧基查耳酮(C20)对人肝癌HepG2细胞的体外抗肿瘤作用及其潜在的作用机制。方法 通过CCK-8法、集落形成实验、5-乙炔基-2''-脱氧尿苷(EdU)染色法检测C20对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的影响;通过彗星实验检测C20(10 μmol·L^-1)对HepG2细胞DNA损伤的影响;通过流式细胞术检测C20(5、10 μmol·L^-1)对HepG2细胞周期阻滞的影响;通过Hoechst染色和流式细胞术检测C20(5、10 μmol·L^-1)对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响。借助Western blotting法检测C20(5、10 μmol·L^-1)处理对HepG2细胞中与凋亡、DNA损伤、细胞周期阻滞相关蛋白表达水平的调控作用。结果 与对照组比较,C20显著抑制HepG2细胞的活力(P<0.001),给药48 h的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为7.937 μmol·L^-1;5 μmol·L^-1 C20能够显著抑制HepG2细胞的集落形成能力(P<0.01);EdU染色结果显示5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20能够抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖能力;5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20显著诱导HepG2细胞G₂/M期阻滞(P<0.001);5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20显著促进HepG2细胞凋亡(P<0.001),并显著上调Caspas-3、Caspase-9以及PARP的剪切水平(P<0.01);10 μmol·L^-1的C20能够诱导HepG2细胞发生DNA损伤,并且5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20显著上调γH2AX、p21的蛋白水平(P<0.01)。结论 C20能够造成HepG2细胞发生DNA损伤,上调p21蛋白水平,导致细胞G₂/M期阻滞,并进一步诱发凋亡,发挥体外抗肝癌作用。     

Effects of local anesthetics on calmodulin-dependent guanylate cyclase in the plasma membrane of Tetrahymena pyriformis

A highly purified preparation of Tetrahymena calmodulin activated a membrane-bound guanylate cyclase by more than 40-fold. This activation of guanylate cyclase by calmodulin was inhibited completely by local anesthetics such as dibucaine, tetracaine, lidocaine and procaine at concentrations that had no appreciable effect on the activities of basal guanylate cyclase (without calmodulin) and adenylate cyclase. The inhibition by dibucaine of calmodulin-mediated activation of the enzyme activity was not reversed by calcium but was partially overcome by increasing the concentration of calmodulin. Kinetic analysis of local anesthetic-induced inhibition of activation of guanylate cyclase demonstrated a mixed type of antagonism. These results suggest the possibility that the inhibition of calmodulin-dependent guanylate cyclase resulted, in part, from interaction of the drugs with calmodulin.     

Increased thymidylate synthetase in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine resistant cultured hepatoma cells

A FdUrd resistant line of cultured mouse hepatoma cells has been obtained. The resistant cell line had 6- to 10-fold higher levels of thymidylate synthetase, but dihydrofolate reductase and thymidine kinase were unchanged. No impairment of FdUrd incorporation by the resistant cell line could be detected. The increased thymidylate synthetase in resistant cells had the same turnover number and I₅₀ for FdUMP as the enzyme found in sensitive cells, making it unlikely that a new gene product had been obtained. Sensitive cells could be completely rescued by the addition of thymidine, suggesting that the primary mode of drug action is to diminish thymidine metabolites. Resistant cells, removed from FdUrd for several generations, did not proliferate immediately upon reintroduction of the drug; however, loss of sensitivity was much more rapid than upon initial exposure. These results are interpreted in terms of a mechanism for resistance.     

Age related changes in cardiac and aortic phosphodiesterase activities in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

The activities of cAMP¹ and cGMP phosphodiesterase were studied in the aorta (freed of adventitia layer) and in the heart (ventricles) of normotensive and mincralocorticoid hypertensive rats of 8 or 16 weeks of age. The enzyme activities were determined at low (1 μM) and high (100 μM) substrate concentrations. The changes in activity were compared to the changes in organ weight, protein and DNA content. The increase in organ weight that occurred with both age and hypertensive treatment corresponded mostly to a marked elevation in protein content in the aorta, but not in the heart, where the DNA content increased without any significant variation in protein content. In both tissues. eGMP phosphodiesterase activity measured at low substrate concentration was sensitive to endogenous Ca²⁺-dependent activation and markedly increased with age. This increase was proportionally larger than the variations in DNA content of the tissues, but lower than those of total protein in the aorta. It could not be ascribed to an increase in the activator content of the tissues, which was in excess. By contrast. cGMP phosphodiesterase activity measured at high substrate concentration and cAMP phosphodiesterase activity, measured at either substrate concentration, were not sensitive to the Ca²⁺-dependent activation and did not undergo large changes with age except for a significant decrease in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity at high substrate concentration per mg heart cytosol protein. No relationship could be found between the elevation of blood pressure, due to age or to the influence of the mineralocorticoid treatment, and phosphodiesterase activities, which varied in a similar manner in control and hypertensive rats. The results are consistent with the view that a cGMP phosphodiesterase. which is sensitive to Ca²⁺-dependent endogenous activation, increases in aorta and heart cells with the age of the rat.     

Structural analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine as substrates and inhibitors of 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and as inhibitors of human lymphocyte transformation

5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) phosphorylase was purified 13.4-fold from human peripheral lymphocytes. The enzyme demonstrated normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km values of 26 microM and 7.5 mM for the two substrates, MTA and phosphate, respectively. The rate of MTA degradation was temperature dependent, 47 degrees being the optimum temperature. Five structural analogs served as alternative substrates with Km values ranging from 31 to 53 microM while two compounds, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthiotubercidin (MTT) (Ki = 31 microM) and adenine (Ki = 172 microM), were inhibitory. These same analogs were examined as inhibitors of mitogen-induced human lymphocyte blastogenesis. MTT was found to be the most effective inhibitor of lymphocyte transformation with an I50 of 80 microM.     

Stimulatory effect of ionophores on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content in human mononuclear leukocytes

Ionophores A23187 and bromo-lasalocid ethanolate enhanced the cyclic AMP content in human mononuclear leukocytes. The maximum effect of A23187 with a 10-min incubation was found with 0.3–1.0μM concentrations with or without l-isoproterenol (1 μM) or prostaglandin E ₁ (pge ₁) (0.3 μM). The maximum effect after 5 min of incubation at 37° was observed with 0.05, 0.2 and 1 μm A23187. The effect of ionophore A23187 was enhanced by both aminophylline (1 mM) and isobutyl-methylxanthine (1 mM). Calcium (1 mM). aspirin (1 mM) and indomethacin (100 μM) decreased the stimulatory action of A23187. Bromo-lasalocid ethanolate increased cyclic AMP content in cells maximally at a 3 μM concentration with or without 0.3 μM pge ₁.     

UPLC-TOF-MS法鉴定胀果甘草药渣中黄酮类成分

目的建立胀果甘草药渣中黄酮类成分的超高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱(UPLC-TOF-MS)定性分析方法。方法 AgilentSB-C18柱(100mm×4.6mm,1.8μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;体积流量0.4mL/min;柱温25℃;检测波长254nm。ESI离子源,飞行时间质谱检测器。对比自制对照品进行鉴别。结果共鉴定出8个黄酮类成分,分别为2’,4,4’-三羟基查耳酮、甘草查耳酮D、甘草查耳酮甲、4’-羟基-2’’,2’’-二甲基吡喃[5’’,6’’,6,7]黄酮、甘草黄酮C、光甘草酮、甘草黄酮B和kanzonolE。结论建立了一种简单、可靠的UPLC-TOF-MS方法对胀果甘草药渣中黄酮类成分进行了鉴定,对胀果甘草药渣综合利用有一定参考价值。     

HPLC测定当归中1-(3',4'-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopentane-2,3-diol的含量

目的 建立HPLC测定当归中1-（3'',4''-dihydroxycinnamoyl）-cyclopentane-2,3-diol含量的方法。方法 采用Inertsil ODS-3 C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.05%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为325 nm,柱温为30℃。结果 1-（3'',4''-dihydroxycinnamoyl）-cyclopentane-2,3-diol进样量在0.023 36~1.168 0 μg（r=1.000 0）内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为95.33%,RSD为1.88%。结论 该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可为当归药材的质量控制提供参考。