去神经化治疗膝关节置换术后膝关节顽固性疼痛的临床效果

目的探讨去神经化治疗全膝关节置换术(TKA)后膝关节顽固性疼痛患者的临床疗效。方法选取该院骨科应用TKA治疗后出现膝关节顽固性疼痛的21例患者作为观察组,均采取去神经化治疗,选取同期应用镇痛药物治疗的19例患者作为对照组,在治疗前、治疗后1 w、4 w和6个月时,应用健康生存评分(HSS)量表和视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分表评估患者的疼痛程度和膝关节功能,同时评估膝关节的活动度(ROM)。结果与治疗前比较,观察组HSS、VAS评分改善和患肢ROM得到显著缓解,对照组VAS评分改善明显(均P<0.05),但是HSS和患肢ROM未见明显改善(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组HSS和患肢ROM显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论去神经化治疗能够有效减轻TKA后膝关节顽固性疼痛患者的疼痛程度,明显改善患肢ROM和功能。     

两种手术方式治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎疗效对比分析

目的探讨膝关节单髁置换术(UKA)和全膝关节置换术(TKA)两种手术方式治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎的应用效果。方法根据手术方式不同,将研究对象分为两组:UKA组53例和TKA组61例,收集两组病例相关资料,对手术应用效果进行对比分析和评价。结果经SAS9.1统计分析,两组病例切口长度、手术用时、术中出血量、术后VAS疼痛评分、首次直腿抬高时间、住院时间以及术后感染发生率差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);术后1d关节活动度ROM和功能HSS评分差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论两种手术方式均取得满意效果,但各有特点。UKA术前须严格病例筛选,应引起重视。     

人工膝关节置换术治疗重症膝关节疾病118例临床观察

对118例重症膝关节疾病(132膝)患者行人工膝关节置换术(TKA),随访10个月～6 a(平均30个月),并应用HSS膝关节评分系统判定疗效.结果 手术优良率为91.8%,4例术后并发感染(均对症治疗后痊愈).认为TKA治疗重症膝关节疾病有效、安全,手术宜采用髌旁股内侧肌下缘切口(注意将髌骨增生骨质予以清除)及后方稳定型人工假体,术后注意预防感染等并发症.     

微创全膝关节置换术的早期疗效观察

目的探讨微创全膝关节置换术的早期疗效。方法对60例(70膝)入组患者随机分成2组进行前瞻性对照研究。微创组取股内侧肌下切口入路,采用美国捷迈公司特殊的微创器械,利用膝关节屈伸位置的不断变化和"移动窗口"技术行微创全膝关节置换术。对照组采用标准全膝关节置换手术。比较2组病例的膝关节评分(knee society score,KSS)、关节活动度(ROM)增加度数、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、引流管出血量、切口长度和术后无协助负重行走时间(下地时间)等指标。结果术后1周KSS评分、引流管出血量、切口长度和术后无协助负重行走时间(下地时间)方面,微创组手术效果优于传统对照组,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12月2组KSS评分、ROM增加度数、VAS比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论微创全膝关节置换术具有手术切口小、出血少、股四头肌功能干扰少等优点,可以减轻术后疼痛,尽早恢复下肢活动,短期随访手术效果优良。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的疗效观察

目的 观察人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）治疗膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）的临床疗效.方法 选择120例（140膝）DOA患者,均行后稳定型人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）治疗,术后应用抗生素并加强关节功能锻炼,应用膝关节功能（HSS）评分系统判定疗效.结果 术后对患者平均随访18个月,膝关节功能优良率为92.5％;HSS评分由（40±5.56）分升至（95±7.68）分,关节活动度由平均60°提高至平均95°,P均＜0.05.结论 TKA治疗KOA疗效确切,严格手术指征、术中矫正畸形时保持膝关节内外侧间隙及周围软组织平衡是手术成功的关键.     

机器人系统辅助的膝关节单髁置换术治疗老年膝关节骨关节炎的临床效果

目的 探讨机器人手术系统辅助下膝关节单髁置换术(UKA)和传统膝关节单髁置换术治疗老年患者膝关节骨关节炎的疗效。方法 选择2018年1月至2020年6月就诊于解放军总医院第一医学中心78例老年膝关节骨关节炎患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法随机分为2组,每组39例。观察组实施MAKO RIO机器人手术系统辅助下UKA,对照组实施常规膝关节单髁置换术。对比2组患者围术期情况,术后8、16、24h 2组患者视觉模拟评分法(VAS)及术后6个月美国膝关节协会评分(KSS)。结果 观察组单侧 UKA手术时间(155±22) min、术中止血带使用时间 (27±10) min、术后第2天总失血量 (476±290) ml;对照组分别为 (135±21) min、(40±9) min、(536±215) ml,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组术后8、16h VAS评分分别为(3.2±1.2)、(1.8±0.8) 分,对照组分别为(4.6±1.4)、(2.3±1.1)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组和对照组术后24h VAS评分分别为(1.1±0.3)、(1.2±0.5)分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组术后6个月随访患侧膝关节KSS临床评分和功能评分分别为(78±11)、(70±16)分,观察组分别为(90±6)、(79±12)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 机器人手术系统辅助UKA能够实现微创条件下精准手术,具有良好的安全性,促进了手术患者膝关节功能改善。     

同期或分期全膝关节置换术治疗高龄双膝关节骨关节炎的疗效

目的探讨同期或分期全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗高龄双侧膝关节骨关节炎(KOA)的疗效。方法 TKA手术治疗的KOA高龄患者122例,根据患者接受的治疗方案进行分组,同次麻醉情况下进行同期双侧TKA治疗组(同期双侧组)55例,相同住院周期内进行分次双侧TKA治疗组(分次双侧组)27例,不同住院周期条件进行的分期双侧TKA治疗组(分期双侧组)40例。对比各组患者的手术相关指标,术前及术后6个月对各组美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学(WOMAC)骨关节炎指数进行评定,记录各组并发症。结果分次双侧组及分期双侧组的手术时间和住院时间以及住院费用均分别明显大于同期双侧组,但输血量以及术后引流量均明显少于同期双侧组(均P<0.05)。各组患者术前及术后6个月的关节功能评分对比(P>0.05)。分次双侧组及分期双侧组的并发症总发生率,均明显低于同期双侧组(P<0.05)。结论分期或分次TKA治疗高龄双膝KOA患者的疗效与同期TKA基本类似,但同期TKA术式通常并发症发生率更高,值得临床重视。     

单髁置换术治疗老年人内侧单间室膝骨关节炎的临床疗效

目的分析固定平台单髁置换术治疗老年内侧单间室骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法解放军总医院骨科2005年1月至2010年3月收治膝关节骨关节炎患者38例,男14例,女24例;年龄60~72(66.0±5.6)岁。站立行走内侧关节间隙疼痛,术前膝关节正侧位X线等影像学检查提示内侧单间室膝骨关节炎。术前美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分(52.6±16.7),疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分(6.3±1.2),膝关节内翻畸形(8.9±1.6)°,关节活动度(112.6±23.5)°。结果手术时间(45.0±10.2)min,无血管、神经等副损伤,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,无切口感染等并发症发生;所有患者均随访,无死亡、退出等情况,随访时间71~133(102.0±12.2)个月。末次随访时,膝关节HSS评分(91.8±17.9),VAS评分(1.8±0.9),膝关节内翻畸形(4.7±0.9)°,关节活动度(129.7±36.8)°;与术前相比,均具有显著的改善(P0.05)。结论固定平台单髁置换术治疗老年内侧单间室骨关节炎具有较好的临床疗效。     

全膝关节置换术后关节线位置变化及其与膝关节临床功能的关系

目的观察全膝关节置换术(TKA)后关节线(JL)位置改变,探讨其与膝关节临床功能的关系。方法接受单侧TKA治疗的膝骨关节炎患者89例(89膝),手术均采用GENESISⅡ后稳定型假体。分别测量手术前后JL位置,计算JL位置改变程度;评估手术前后膝关节KSS评分、膝关节功能KSS评分、Feller髌骨评分,分析TKA后JL改变范围与临床功能评分的关系。结果术后随访假体生存率为100%(89/89),膝关节正位及侧位X线片均未显示影像学松动,膝关节KSS评分、功能评分、活动度及Feller髌骨评分均较术前增加(P均<0.01);手术前后JL改变≤4 mm患者术后膝关节KSS评分、功能评分、活动度及Feller髌骨评分均高于JL改变>4 mm患者(P<0.05或<0.01)。JL改变≤4 mm患者Feller髌骨评分与JL改变程度没有相关性(r=-0.162,P=0.205),JL改变>4 mm患者Feller髌骨评分与JL改变程度呈负相关(r=-0.724,P=0.000)。结论采用后稳定型膝关节假体的初次TKA患者术后JL改变>4 mm对于膝关节功能有影响,JL改变程度与伸膝装置功能呈负相关。     

老年骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后关节功能的影响因素

膝关节疼痛是骨关节炎治疗上颇为头疼的难题,保守治疗疗效往往不佳,如不进行手术,患者多患有不同程度的膝关节功能障碍,加重症状[1,2].全膝关节置换术(TKA)以及关节镜下清理术是目前减轻骨关节炎,改善关节功能较为可靠的两个治疗办法[3],本研究拟分析老年骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后关节功能的影响因素. 1资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 我院2001年1月至2012年12月骨关节炎需行TKA病例211例,其中男性97例、女性114例,年龄55 ～ 81岁,平均年龄(71.1±7.2)岁.其中131例患者体型较为肥胖,体重在70～116 kg,患者术前的膝关节活动度数以及HSS评分分别为(68±10.3)度、(46.8±6.2)分.手术植入的假体多为施乐辉公司的旋转半月板假体,其次为林克公司产品.另外选取同时期内210例行关节镜下清理术治疗骨关节炎的病例作为对照组,其中男性96例、女性114例,年龄53～ 84岁,平均年龄(71.7±7.1)岁.患者术前的膝关节活动度数以及HSS评分分别为(67±9.6)度、(47.1±7.5)分.两组年龄、性别、术前膝关节活动度数以及HSS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),具有可比性.     

Total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the knee

The indication, preoperative condition, surgical technique and postoperative rehabilitation of total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis are summarized. I think the point of contributing to the success of total knee arthroplasty are to discuss the preoperative condition, to know well the instrument, to do the accurate osteotomy and to obtain the correct soft tissue balancing.     

The incidence and risk factors of contralateral knee arthroplasty after primary unilateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is one of the commonly used surgical methods for unicompartmental osteoarthritis in recent years. Although the prognosis of the operated knee has been widely studied, there are relatively little data on the natural history of the contralateral knee after unilateral replacement. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence and risk factors of consequential knee arthroplasty in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (KOA) after receiving primary unilateral UKA, so as to provide a theoretical basis for making a more comprehensive treatment strategy for patients with KOA.We conducted a retrospective study and enrolled patients with bilateral KOA received unilateral UKA from June 2015 to December 2019 in the third department of joint orthopedics, the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. The patients were divided into replacement group and non-replacement group according to whether the contralateral knee joint received knee arthroplasty. Information about treatment of contralateral knee joint was collected from medical records to determine the incidence. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent risk factors.A total of 502 patients were enrolled in this study. The incidence of contralateral knee arthroplasty was 38.64%. In the univariate analysis, vertical angle of mechanical axis, knee joint''s internal and external joint space, Kellgren–Lawrence (K-L) classification, femoral tibial angle were the significant risk factors for contralateral knee arthroplasty. In the multivariate model, only vertical angle of mechanical axis ≥3.03° (odds ratio [OR] 4.36, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.47–9.11), K-L classification grades 3 and 4 (OR 2.46,3.72; 95%CI, 1.31–4.25, 1.98–6.87), and femoral tibial angle ≥187.32° (OR 6.32, 95%, 2.23–18.87) remained associated with the occurrence of knee arthroplasty.About a quarter of patients with bilateral KOA received unilateral UKA will receive contralateral knee arthroplasty. Higher K-L classification, femoral tibial angle, and mechanical axis vertical angle are identified risk factors.     

Difficult cases of total knee arthroplasty

We report two difficult cases in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). One is an arthritis mutilans knee with large tibial bone deficiency that required TKA using tibial metal wedge augmentation. Another is a post-traumatic OA knee with varus deformity and rotational malalignment that had TKA by the ROBODOC system.     

Comparison of femoral sagittal axis between navigated total knee arthroplasty and conventional total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis

To compare femoral sagittal axis between navigated total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and conventional TKA.A total of 136 cases were assigned to group 1 (navigated TKA) and 77 cases were assigned to group 2 (conventional TKA). Specifically, this study targeted patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. Only patients with primary TKA were analyzed. Hip knee ankle angle and lateral femoral bowing were measured using preoperative scanogram. Anterior femoral bowing was measured using preoperative femoral lateral X rays. The presence of anterior femoral notching and the insertion angle of the femoral implant with respect to the anatomical sagittal plane of the distal femur were checked using postoperative lateral knee X rays. Student t-test was used to compare the difference in the position of the sagittal plane of the femoral implant between the navigated TKA group and the conventional TKA group.When comparing the 2 groups, the sagittal axis of the femoral implant was more extended than the anatomical sagittal plane axis of the distal femur in group 1 than in group 2 (P = .01). There was a significant negative correlation between the value of anterior femoral bowing and the degree of flexion to the sagittal plane of the femoral implant in group 1 (correlation coefficient: –0.40, P = .01). The occurrence of anterior femoral notching was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2.During navigated TKA, imageless navigation does not consider the anatomical variation of the femoral shaft. Therefore, surgeons should take into consideration that when performing navigated TKA, a femoral implant could be inserted more extended for the anatomical sagittal axis of the distal femur than for the conventional TKA. Also, surgeon should know that the degree of extension insertion of the femoral implant increases as femoral anterior bowing increases.     

Acupuncture needle-associated prosthetic knee infection after total knee arthroplasty

Abstract

The case of a patient who previously had permanent acupuncture needles placed in the knee joint and had been doing well, with no evidence of infection, but who eventually underwent a revision total knee arthroplasty due to acupuncture needle-associated prosthetic infection is presented. The microorganism responsible for the infection was Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium which rarely causes infection following arthroplasty. This case should be highlighted to increase the awareness of healthcare providers to acupuncture-associated subclinical infection that may be exacerbated by surgical manipulation.     

Acupuncture needle-associated prosthetic knee infection after total knee arthroplasty

The case of a patient who previously had permanent acupuncture needles placed in the knee joint and had been doing well, with no evidence of infection, but who eventually underwent a revision total knee arthroplasty due to acupuncture needle-associated prosthetic infection is presented. The microorganism responsible for the infection was Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium which rarely causes infection following arthroplasty. This case should be highlighted to increase the awareness of healthcare providers to acupuncture-associated subclinical infection that may be exacerbated by surgical manipulation.     

Total knee arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis

Total knee arthroplasty is a proven technique for the management of deformity and unremitting pain in the rheumatoid arthritic knee. Many important considerations must be taken into account in order to maximize the results of total knee replacement in this challenging patient population.     

Total knee arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Total knee arthroplasty is a proven technique for the management of deformity and unremitting pain in the rheumatoid arthritic knee. Many important considerations must be taken into account in order to maximize the results of total knee replacement in this challenging patient population.     

Total knee arthroplasty in juvenile arthritis

Sixteen patients with 29 knee arthroplasties due to juvenile arthritis were studied. Eight patients had been wheelchair-bound and were nonambulatory due to hip and knee involvement. Surgery was indicated for correction of deformity, decreased range of motion, and relief of pain. The average preoperative disability score was 40.3, and postoperative score was 79.9. Thirteen of the 16 patients also required bilateral hip replacement arthroplasty. The average hospital stay for bilateral knee arthroplasty under one anesthesia was 45.3 days. The average followup was 36 months with a range of 24 months to 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 13 knees, good in 11, fair in 3, and poor in 2. Ambulation improved in all but 2 of the knees. Of the 2 failures, 1 was due to deep infection and the other to severity of disease and poor cooperation of the patient, who remains wheelchair-bound.