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汶川特大地震医学救援行动及战略思考 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
目的 总结汶川特大地震医学救援的做法与经验,提高应对重大灾害的医学救援综合能力.方法 对汶川特大地震伤亡及医学救援情况进行回顾性调查与描述性分析,结合作者的抗震救灾实践,形成重大灾害医学救援的战略思考.结果 汶川特大地震伤亡时间分布以2周为界,分为增长期和稳定期;遇难者主要分布在四川省的北川、绵竹、什邡、都江堰、青川、汶川、彭州7个重灾区,占全部地震灾区遇难人数的72.62%.本次抗震救灾医学救援,从全国32个省(区、市)调派10 630名医疗、防疫等专业人员赶赴灾区.累计救治伤病员200余万名.全国20个省(区、市)的367所军地医院共收治灾区后送伤员10 048名,在地震重灾区开展了分区域或分专项的防疫工作,实现了卫生防疫工作的全覆盖,保证了伤病群众得到及时救治以及灾区大灾之后无大疫.结论 应完善国家应急医学救援反应体系,建设国家应急医学救援专业力量,注重医学救援功能模块建设,加强灾害医学学科及人才建设,加速国家应急医学救援信息化建设,优化国家应急医学救援指挥机制,不断提升应对重大灾害的医学救援能力. 相似文献
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该文简要介绍了加拿大军队执行国际灾害医学救援任务的国家和军队政策制度、指挥保障与协调机制、救援授权标准、审批程序和力量使用,并以2010年海地大地震救援行动为案例,对加拿大军队参与国际灾害医学救援的主要做法进行了分析总结。 相似文献
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面对突如其来的2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情, 中国经历了长达3年的抗疫斗争, 在重大传染病救援体系建设方面取得了丰硕的成果。严重群体性创伤救治是国家的重大需求, 如何借鉴这次重大传染病救援体系建设的成功经验, 是值得思考的问题。笔者从创伤医学学科体系建设作为国家战略、中国特色创伤救治体系的内涵、创伤医学自身特征在创伤救治链条中的作用、创伤救治基础理论与关键技术方面获得新突破、创伤医学创新性人才队伍建设再上新台阶、公共培训教育与加强创伤医学立法等6个方面探讨如何进一步推进中国特色创伤医学学科体系建设。 相似文献
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“9·11”事件后10年来的反恐斗争再次充分表明,恐怖主义是当前的全球性问题和国际公害,反恐应急救援同样是涉及世界各国安危和切身利益的重大课题.本文介绍了当前国际恐怖活动的新特点,提出了恐怖袭击应急医学救援对策的进一步思考和待开展的研究内容.后者包括:进一步完善高效的医疗救援指挥机构;完善各种医疗救援应急预案;完善不同类型恐怖袭击的救援体系和救援基地;进一步提高全民反恐意识,重视心理灾害预防及其对策;进一步开展恐怖袭击应急医学救援的基础研究,如恐怖袭击致伤的新伤类新特点研究、恐怖袭击应激心理效应的病理生理学及防治研究,以及恐怖袭击现场的高效救治措施和新型装备研究等. 相似文献
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加强汶川地震灾害医学救援的经验总结 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
汶川地震灾区内受灾严重的医院医学资料严重缺失,灾区内建制相对完整的医院也存在未住院病人资料不全、缺少最后治疗效果等情况,灾区外医院伤员资料较为齐全,但不能反映本次地震灾害医学救援的整体情况.加强经验总结现阶段的弥补措施和重点包括:(1)按照分级救治的策略收集整理资料;(2)努力挖掘现场救治的经验;(3)按行政区域收集灾区内医院资料;(4)收集颅脑损伤、胸腹损伤和休克伤员等的完整数据;(5)加强总结现场转运和院间转运的资料;(6)建立全国或区域性的卫生主管部门或行业协会牵头的资料收集体系.今后应加强创伤医学和灾害医学学科建设,制定全国统一的伤票或伤标、转运病历,以及发展电子伤票和数据库. 相似文献
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One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care. 相似文献
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V. A. Serezhenkov I. A. Moroz G. A. Klevezal A. F. Vanin 《Applied radiation and isotopes》1996,47(11-12)
ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method. 相似文献
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Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe
The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of 55Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a 55Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.
The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison. 相似文献
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D Gasparini 《La Radiologia medica》1987,73(4):304-309
A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood. 相似文献
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目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率. 相似文献