肾肿瘤自发性破裂所致的外科急症

肾肿瘤自发性破裂导致外科急诊是罕见的。肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤是其中原因之一。病人和方法:1971-1990年间,收集该院肾肿瘤的外科手术、尸检及病理资料。结果:共368例原发性上尿路肿瘤,包括肾血管平滑肌脂瘤16例。其中6例为急诊外科手术均为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤。一些学者认为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤。自发性腹膜后出血,急腹症和低血容量休克提示肾肿瘤破裂的可能性,肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性破裂的机制是肿瘤侵犯了肾静脉所致。Chan等发现在他们医院过去20年中,肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤是肾     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤18例报告

目的 探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断及治疗。方法 回顾性分析近10年来收治的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤18例的临床资料。结果 18例术前行B超检查．16例行CT检查。手术治疗16例．其中行肾切除术2例．肿瘤剜除术14例，术后均病理检查证实；定期随访2例．随访2～5年，无肿瘤恶变及复发。结论 对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤直径大于4cm．可手术治疗；对肿瘤直径小于4cm，可观察。     

肾脏少脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者21例临床分析并文献复习

目的提高对少脂性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的认识,探讨其诊治方法。方法回顾性分析经术后病理证实的21例少脂性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的临床特征及影像学表现。结果少脂性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤多见于年轻女性,超声显示肿瘤为低回声或等回声,彩色多普勒可见肿瘤内有血流信号。CT检查21例平扫期未见脂肪样低密度。其平扫CT值36~59 Hu。增强后CT值63~89 Hu。结论少脂性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤缺乏特异性的临床症状和体征,对病灶CT的细微分析能够给诊断带来帮助。应谨慎处理肾脏高密度病变以避免不必要的肾脏切除术。     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发破裂出血的急诊处理(附24例报告)

目的 探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发破裂出血的急诊处理.方法 对24例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发破裂出血患者的临床资料及随访结果进行回顾性分析.术前均行B超和CT检查,22例诊断为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发破裂出血,2例未能排除肾癌出血.3例保守治疗,4例行选择性肾动脉栓塞术,17例急诊手术.结果 3例保守治疗患者中1例病情稳定,2例改行手术治疗.4例行肾动脉栓塞术患者栓塞成功,出血停止.4例行肾切除术,13例行保留肾单位手术,其中5例行后腹腔镜手术.术后病理诊断为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并出血.随访3个月～6年,肿瘤无复发或转移.结论 B超和CT是诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤出血的重要手段.治疗可以选择保守治疗、肾动脉栓塞或者急诊手术.     

52例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并自发破裂出血的诊治

目的探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并自发破裂出血的诊治方法。方法回顾性分析52例手术治疗的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并发自发破裂出血的诊治资料。术前均行B超和CT检查,46例诊断为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并发自发破裂出血,6例未能排除肾细胞癌出血。6例保守治疗,11例行肾动脉栓塞术;35例急诊开放手术。结果6例经保守治疗成功无需手术,11例行肾动脉栓塞术中6例需开放手术;9例行保留肾单位肾切除手术,32例行全肾切除。全肾切除的原因:26例肿瘤广泛侵入肾脏,4例出血,2例未能排除肾细胞癌。术后病理诊断为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并出血。结论B超和CT是诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并出血的重要手段,治疗可以选择保守治疗、肾动脉栓塞或者急诊开放手术。     

MSCT对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤诊断中的价值。方法：对手术证实的38例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的术前多层螺旋CT资料进行回顾性分析,并在工作站行MPR、MIP图像重建,分析肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的MSCT表现,并与手术病理结果对照。结果：38例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤中,CT诊断血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的病灶被手术病理证实正确诊断的有32例,另外6例被病理证实为上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的病灶,其中3例CT误诊为肾癌,后期的3例被正确诊断。总诊断准确率达92.1%（35/38）。32例的血管平滑肌脂肪瘤CT平扫呈等、低、高低混杂密度的,其中31例显示有脂肪密度,多期增强扫描该31例皮质期肿块呈均匀或不均匀强化,但低于肾皮髓质强化,脂肪、坏死囊变、出血区无强化,分泌期肿块持续强化;1例整个病灶显示为高密度出血灶,多期增强扫描无明显异常强化;6例上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤CT平扫呈均匀等密度,多期增强扫描显示皮质期明显强化,分泌期强化减弱。MIP显示其中31例血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的肿内迂曲、增粗的血管,其中1例无明显增粗迂曲血管影;6例上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤内显示细小血管。结论：多层螺旋CT及多期增强扫描能对术前正确诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤有重要价值,但对上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断尚需结合临床和实验室检查,甚至需要穿刺活检。     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤82例的诊断与治疗

目的　提高肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊疗水平。方法　对 82例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤进行了回顾性分析。结果　B超诊断准确率 76 .8% (6 3/ 82 ) ,CT诊断准确率 86 .7% (39/ 4 5 ) ,MRI诊断准确率 84 .2 % (16 / 19)。根据肿瘤大小及症状分别采用观察与手术 ,对肿瘤直径 <4cm ,诊断明确且无症状 5 9例定期观察。手术 2 3例中行肿瘤剜除术 18例 ,肾部分切除 2例 ,肾切除 2例 ,根治性肾切除 1例。病理检查 2 2例良性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤 ,1例恶变。全部术后患者随访 ,肿瘤无复发。结论　B超、CT、MRI是诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的重要检查方法 ,相互结合能提高术前的诊断准确率。术中应常规作冰冻切片 ,有助于确诊、手术方式的选择和排除恶变 ,为避免误诊对瘤体多部位取材也极为重要。     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊治：附35例报告

报告肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤３５例，其中３１例前行Ｂ超检查，２５例行ＣＴ检查，５例肾血管造影检查。手术治疗２５例，其中行全肾切除术１１例，肾部切除术６例，肿瘤剜除术８例，术后均经病理检查证实，行肾动脉栓塞术５例；定期观察５例，随访１－２例，无肿瘤恶变，无复发，结合文献对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤术前诊断及治疗方式进行讨论。     

肾肿瘤剜除术治疗肾细胞癌、肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤

目的探讨肾肿瘤剜除术治疗肾细胞癌及肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的疗效。方法回顾分析15例在我院进行肾肿瘤剜除术的肾细胞癌及肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者的临床及病理资料。结果全部肾肿瘤均成功剜除，平均热缺血时间为15min，术中肿瘤剜除面平均出血25ml，术后无继发出血，无急性肾小管坏死、慢性肾功能不全及尿瘘等并发症发生。术后平均随访时间为2．5年，均未见肿瘤复发或转移。依据2003AJCC肾癌分期方法，所有肾癌患者均为Tla期，组织学形态为透明细胞癌。病理分级按Fuhrman标准为G1。结论肾肿瘤剜除术对有假性包膜的Tla肾细胞癌和肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤是有效和安全的，术后并发症少，可以最大程度地保留肾脏功能。     

腔静脉滤器辅助治疗肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并下腔静脉瘤栓（附2例报告并文献复习）

目的：良性的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（angiomyolipoma．AML）很少呈现侵犯肾静脉,下腔静脉和心房。报道2例良性肾脏AML并下腔静脉瘤栓,探讨AML的恶性特征及治疗方法。方法：两侧患者均行介入下腔静脉滤器置入,并右肾根治性切除和腔静脉瘤栓取出术。结果：术后病理证实为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤。患者术后无不适症状,术后复诊未见肿瘤复发转移。结论：良性的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤可侵犯肾静脉及下腔静脉,呈现恶性肿瘤特征。鉴于肿瘤栓子进入心脏和肺的风险,应及时手术处理肾AML及下腔静脉栓子。     

CT对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断及术式选择的意义（附30例报告）

为探讨ＣＴ检查对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断价值及与手术方式的关系，对３０例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者的ＣＴ资料结合临床分析。结果发现：肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤典型ＣＴ表现为瘤内同时出现肌肉、血管、脂肪三种成分的密度，肿瘤越大其软组织成分越多；肿瘤大小及生长部位与临床症状及手术方式有关。提出了本病的ＣＴ诊断分级，认为ＣＴ对本病具有重要的诊断价值，其诊断分级对临床选择手术方案有一定意义。     

A case of renal angiomyolipoma with marked cystic degeneration and pseudoaneurysm

A 59-year-old woman consulted our hospital for a left renal mass which she had been aware of for 4 years. The tumor was in the lower portion of the left kidney. It was a cystic tumor whose wall was enhanced on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The lesion 3.0 cm in diameter, which was enhanced equally to the aorta, was found in a part of the wall. It was thought to be a pseudoaneurysm by renal angiography. We suspected a cystic renal cell carcinoma because of the plural feeding arteries and tumor staining, and performed left total nephrectomy. Pathological diagnosis was angiomyolipoma with few fat components. To our knowledge only 3 previous cases of renal angiomyolipoma with marked cystic degeneration have been reported in Japan. In all 3 cases, it was difficult in preoperative diagnosis to distinguish angiomyolipoma with cystic degeneration from cystic renal cell carcinoma complicated cyst. Moreover, this is the first reported case of renal angiomyolipoma with marked cystic degeneration and pseudoaneurysm.     

Two cases of renal angiomyolipoma

Two cases of renal angiomyolipoma without tuberous sclerosis are reported. The first case was of a 35-year-old man with complaints of right upper abdominal and right flank pain. Preoperative diagnosis was right renal angiomyolipoma. Thoracoabdominal radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed. The pathological diagnosis was renal angiomyolipoma with lymph node involvement. The second case was of a 46-year-old woman whose left renal mass had been accidentally found by ultrasound study. Preoperative diagnosis was left renal angiomyolipoma. This tumor was enucleated from the left kidney through flank incision.     

肾错构瘤破裂出血的诊断及外科治疗(附9例报告)

目的提高肾错构瘤破裂出血的诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾性分析9例肾错构瘤破裂出血的诊治过程。结果9例患者均行外科手术治疗,其中3例行患肾切除术,2例行肾部分切除术,4例行肿瘤切除术。术后病理诊断均为肾错构瘤,无恶变。9例患者均恢复顺利,5例患者获随访,时间2个月~14年,平均91.6个月,无肿瘤复发。结论肾错构瘤破裂出血在临床上无典型临床表现,B超和CT检查为术前确诊主要依据,尽早手术探查是首选治疗手段,术中尽可能选择保肾手术。     

Diagnosis and treatment of renal angiomyolipoma

We have hitherto reported 6 cases of renal angiomyolipoma. Recently, we encountered two more such cases. Case 1 is a 34-year-old woman with fever as the chief complaint. DIP revealed a tumor mass in the right upper pelvic pole. This mass showed a strong echo level on ECHO and adipose tissue of low density on CT scan. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as having renal angiomyolipoma. Since liposarcoma was not ruled out by the examination of frozen sections during operation, nephrectomy was performed. Case 2 is a 40-year-old woman. Diagnosed as having bilateral renal angiomyolipoma, she underwent right nephrectomy 14 years ago. Two years ago, she had heavy hematuria, and had embolization of the left renal artery. She has had no bleeding since the embolization. We are of the view that ECHO and CT can are very useful for diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma, and embolization for heavy hematuria, a complication, should be performed first of all.     

Angiomyolipoma of the kidney: report of three cases and a statistical study of 194 cases in Japan

Three cases of renal angiomyolipoma are reported. The first case was a 53-year-old female with the complaint of left flank pain. In both cases selective angiography revealed a renal tumor, and computerized tomography disclosed a renal mass with low density corresponding to the fat tissue. From several examinations these two cases were preoperatively diagnosed as renal angiomyolipoma and nephrectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was renal angiomyolipoma. The third case was a 64-year-old female with the complaints of left flank pain and macrohematuria. In this case computerized tomography revealed a renal mass which did not have a low density area. The possibility of renal cell carcinoma was considered and nephrectomy was performed. Histological diagnosis was renal angiomyolipoma which was primarily composed of smooth muscle cells. The first case had a calcified lesion in the brain. But there was no evidence of tuberous sclerosis in the following two cases. Some problems in diagnosis and treatment of renal angiomyolipoma are presented, and a statistical study is made on 194 reported cases of renal angiomyolipoma in Japan.     

肾上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤诊治探讨

目的 提高肾上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(EAML)的诊治水平.方法 肾EAML患者5例.男3例,女2例.平均年龄46(26～64)岁.患侧腰部胀痛3例,体检偶然发现2例.肿瘤直径2.9～10.1 cm.B超和CT检查诊断为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤2例,肾癌、肾上腺肿瘤、肝癌各1例.行肾肿瘤剜除术3例,肾楔形切除术1例,肾切除术1例.结果 病理报告:肿瘤由不同比例的异常厚壁血管、平滑肌和脂肪组织构成.上皮样细胞胞质浓密嗜酸性或透亮,有嗜酸性颗粒,并有丰富的血管,上皮样细胞簇常围绕血管.组织学形态表现为圆形、多边形和梭形上皮样细胞灶性分布于脂肪瘤中,上皮样瘤细胞免疫组化标记SMA、Vimentin、HMB45表达阳性.5例病理诊断均为肾EAML.随访2～12个月,未见局部复发及远处转移.结果 肾EAML由厚壁血管、脂肪和平滑肌细胞混合组成,上皮样细胞簇常围绕血管.确诊依赖于临床、影像学及病理学检查相结合,免疫组织化学染色有助于诊断及鉴别诊断.早期诊断及完整切除肿瘤是治疗关键.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤12例临床分析

报告１２例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤，１２例均行Ｂ超检查，８例行ＩＶＵ检查，３例行肾动脉造影，９例行ＣＴ检查，１２例中手术治疗１０例（１１侧肾脏）术后均经病理检查诊断为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤，其中１例恶变，２例肿瘤小未予手术，１２例健康复出院，随访６个月～８年，２例分别于术后３年和７年发现对侧肾肿瘤，恶变的１例未见复发和转移，未行手术的２例瘤体未见明显变化，认为肾动脉造影，Ｂ超，ＣＴ对诊断本病具有特异性，但肿