颈动脉狭窄的支架治疗

目的:分析探讨颈动脉支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄的安全性。方法:本组34例患者,在球囊扩张及支架释放过程中,全部使用保护伞,并对颈动脉狭窄程度大于70%的16例患者进行预扩张,扩张后根据狭窄长度置入自膨式支架,未扩张的18例患者直接置入自膨式支架,其中有3例未扩张的患者,支架释放后未完全膨胀,但狭窄的直径超过了80%,血流通畅,未进行后扩张。结果:支架置入成功率100%,无1例患者出现脑出血、脑梗塞等严重并发症,支架置入后,支架膨胀良好,血流通畅,患者临床症状得到明显改善。结论:颈动脉支架置入治疗颈动脉狭窄是一种新的治疗方法,亦能代替经典颈动脉内膜剥离术,并对颈动脉狭窄引起的卒中的预防和治疗发挥了重要作用。     

脑保护装置在颈动脉症状性狭窄支架植入术中的应用

颈动脉狭窄是引起脑卒中的重要原因之一,严重危害患者的身体健康。积极治疗颈动脉狭窄对于预防卒中有重要意义,随着血管内治疗学的发展,颈动脉支架(CAS)应用越来越广泛,而脑保护装置(CPD)进一步提高了手术的安全性,我们在CPD下行颈动脉支架植入术15例,现报告如下。1材料与方法1     

Techniques in carotid artery stenting

Endovascular carotid artery interventions are unforgiving of mistakes and poor technique. The approach should be team based where all members of the team are experienced and know their jobs perfectly. This, combined with a deep knowledge of the equipment and the anatomy will reduce complications to a minimum. Patient selection and the experience of knowing how to "get out of jail" are also vital.     

症状性颈动脉狭窄支架置入术的临床应用(附27例分析)

目的:探讨颈动脉狭窄支架置入术预防脑梗死的临床意义。方法:对27例颈动脉狭窄患者施行支架置入术,分析颈动脉支架置入术的有效性和安全性。动脉狭窄率50%～70%7例,70%～80例,80%～95%1例;狭窄长度1.0～2.0cm14例,2.1～3.0cm12例,3.1～3.5cm1例。结果:27例在脑保护装置下颈动脉支架置入术均成功实施,残余狭窄均在10%以下。4例球囊扩张时出现一过性意识障碍,4例出现暂时性心率减慢,3例出现血压下降。临床随访6个月以上,无死亡及神经系统并发症发生。结论:颈动脉狭窄支架置入术是预防脑梗死的有效手段,不仅使狭窄段血流速度恢复,而且能明显改善远端脑组织低灌注现象,减少脑卒中的发生。     

犬颈总动脉实验性虹吸段血管模型的建立

目的 探讨截取一侧颈总动脉节段与另一侧颈总动脉端端吻合建立颅底段颈内动脉（虹吸段）血管模型的可行性.方法 对8只成年家犬应用显微外科技术,将玻璃管制成“S”形,一侧颈总动脉（CCA）作为母体动脉,截取另一侧颈总动脉节段穿过玻璃管模型与对侧CCA端端吻合.2周后作血管造影（CTA/DSA）证实模型内血流通畅.结果 8只犬均成功地建成颅底段颈内动脉（虹吸段）血管模型.结论 应用犬一侧颈总动脉节段与另一侧颈总动脉端端吻合建立颅底段颈内动脉（虹吸段）血管模型切实可行.     

Transfer of internal carotid artery thrombus to the external carotid artery using a balloon microcatheter

We report a case of acute occlusion of the left internal carotid artery successfully treated by withdrawing a large clot into the external carotid artery using a balloon microcatheter and urokinase. This technique may not only reduce the amount of thrombolytic agent required but also lower the incidence of haemorrhagic transformation. Received: 6 September 1999/Accepted: 3 February 2000     

Radiation-induced vasculopathy of the carotid artery and vertebral artery

The article reports on a case of radiation-induced vasculopathy of the vessels of the head and neck causing a transitory ischaemic attack 14 years after primary radiation of a squamous cell carcinoma. The correlation of the radiation-induced vasculopathy with regard to applied radiation dose and time latency is discussed on the basis of published references.     

颈动脉滤器在颈动脉狭窄内支架植入中的应用

目的 评价经皮血管内支架成形术联合应用颈动脉滤器对颈动脉狭窄的治疗效果。方法 21例具有临床症状的颅外颈动脉狭窄患者接受了血管内支架成形治疗，术中同时使用颈动脉滤器，并对颈动脉滤器所回收的物质进行病理学分析。结果 21例患者支架及滤器均成功置人，滤器均成功回收。所有患者的主要症状与体征都得到有效控制或明显改善。对滤器内的回收物质病理学分析表明，回收物质为微小血栓颗粒、泡沫细胞、胆固醇颗粒。结论 经皮血管内支架成形术联合应用颈动脉滤器，不仅可有效地缓解颈动脉狭窄所致的血流障碍，而且可有效地预防术中脱落的微小栓子进入脑内。     

Spontaneous thrombosis of a giant intracavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm and ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion

A 75-year-old man who had suffered from right visual disturbance for 10 years suddenly experienced right cavernous sinus syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a giant thrombosed aneurysm in the right cavernous sinus extending to the right middle cranial fossa. Digital subtraction angiography disclosed occlusion of the right internal carotid artery at the petrous portion and good cross filling in the right-sided circulation through the anterior communicating artery. There was no filling of the aneurysm. In this case, the mechanism of parent artery occlusion is unclear, but direct compression and stretching of the parent artery by the aneurysm may be involved.     

增强磁共振成像与颈动脉造影在颈动脉狭窄诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨增强磁共振成像与颈动脉造影在颈动脉狭窄诊断中的应用价值。方法对72例经颈动脉彩超检查疑有颈动脉狭窄的患者采用三维对比增强磁共振血管造影和数字减影血管造影进行检查。结果3D CE-M RA检出颈动脉狭窄112处,DSA检出108处,经统计学分析发现3D CE-M RA检出率（36．84％）与DSA检出率（35．53％）比较无明显差异（x2＝0．11,P ＞0．05）。本文以DSA为诊断颈动脉狭窄的金标准,对3D CEMRA诊断的112处颈动脉狭窄进行敏感性和特异性评估,评估结果显示敏感性为0．81（0．69～0．89）特异性为0．99（0．98～1．00）,ROC曲线下面积为0.95。结论3D CE-M RA诊断颈动脉敏感性和特异性均较高,对颈部动脉狭窄闭塞性病变的显示具有独特的优势。     

Endovascular therapeutic occlusion following bilateral carotid artery bypass for radiation-induced carotid artery blowout: case report

A patient with breast cancer received radiation therapy to the upper chest wall. Twenty-two years later, she presented with repeated severe bleeding through a left lower neck ulcer. She was taken to surgery for hemostasis, which was not successful because the carotid artery was surgically inaccessible. To manage for explosive carotid blowout, we performed common carotid artery ligation and endovascular coil embolization after contralateral-external-carotid to ipsilateral-common-carotid artery bypass with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft. The patient has experienced no ischemic events or bleeding since this treatment.     

Accordion effect during carotid artery stenting

Introduction The term “accordion effect” is used to describe a mechanical distortion of tortuous arteries mimicking spasm or dissection. This phenomenon has been reported in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of the accordion effect during carotid artery intervention. Methods Two patients who developed the accordion effect during carotid artery stenting (CAS) are described. Results Angiograms obtained just after CAS showed a stenosing lesion with wall irregularity at the distal part of the stent. This lesion disappeared and tortuosity of the internal carotid artery developed after withdrawing the guidewire until its floppy segment rested equally on the lesion. In another patient, the lesion did not disappear completely until the guiding catheter had been withdrawn to the proximal portion of the common carotid artery. We conclude that these stenosing lesions reflected the accordion effect. Conclusion It is essential to differentiate the accordion effect from dissection, spasm, and thrombosis because the management is importantly different. We report our findings and present a review of the literature.     

颈动脉支架治疗

颈动脉狭窄是短暂性脑缺血发作和缺血性卒中发生的主要原因之一.颈动脉支架置入术为颈动脉狭窄的治疗开辟了一条新的治疗途径,具有创伤小、安全和并发症少等特点,并为禁忌颈动脉内膜切除术的患者创造了新的机会.实验证实,其对卒中二级预防的效果与经典的颈动脉内膜切除术相同.手术的安全性与有效性依赖于规范的操作和术前对脑血流与脑功能的全面评估.随着保护技术的应用和防止再狭窄技术的成熟,介入治疗将在颈动脉狭窄治疗中发挥更大的作用.