经阴道三维超声成像在先天性子宫畸形中的诊断价值研究

目的探讨经阴道三维超声成像应用于先天性子宫畸形中的诊断价值。方法选取2017年12月至2019年12月82例疑似先天性子宫畸形者进行研究,均采用经阴道三维超声(观察组)、二维超声(对照组)检查,并以宫腹腔镜和临床手术等作为最终诊断结果。比较两者诊断效果。结果观察组在完全纵隔子宫、不完全纵隔子宫、弓形子宫的诊断准确率及总诊断准确率明显高于对照组,P0.05。结论经阴道三维超声成像在先天性子宫畸形中具有较高诊断价值,其可较好地显示患者宫底部外观形态等状况,从而提高诊断准确率。     

经阴道实时三维超声成像诊断先天性子宫畸形的临床价值

目的探讨经阴道实时三维超声诊断先天性子宫畸形的临床价值。方法应用经阴道实时三维超声容积探头,对2007年11月至2011年5月间因已婚不孕、反复习惯性流产的子宫发育情况进行检查。结果发现纵隔子宫124例,双子宫16例,双角子宫11例,单角子宫15例,残角子宫9例,弓形子宫2例。结论经阴道实时三维超声诊断子宫畸形快速、简便、明确、重复性好、无射线。尤其是纵隔子宫更具有特征性的三维声像特点,是诊断子宫畸形并且区分畸形种类的最佳检查方法,可替代子宫输卵管碘油造影及宫腔镜检查等有创手段,值得在子宫畸形者中应用,有利于优生优育,减少流产儿的发生。     

经阴道实时三维超声成像诊断先天性子宫畸形的临床价值

目的 探讨经阴道实时三维超声诊断先天性子宫畸形的临床价值.方法 应用经阴道实时三维超声容积探头,对2007年11月至2011年5月间,因已婚不孕、反复习惯性流产的子宫发育情况进行检查.结果 发现纵隔子宫124例,双子宫16例,双角子宫11例,单角子宫15例,残角子宫9例,弓形子宫2例.结论 经阴道实时三维超声诊断子宫畸形快速、简便、明确、重复性好、无射线.尤其是纵隔子宫更具有特征性的三维声像特点,是诊断子宫畸形并且区分畸形种类的最佳检查方法,可替代子宫输卵管碘油造影及宫腔镜检查等有创手段,值得在子宫畸形者中应用.     

经阴道实时三维超声成像诊断先天性子宫畸形的临床价值

目的：探讨经阴道实时三维超声诊断先天性子宫畸形的临床价值。方法应用经阴道实时三维超声容积探头,对2007年11月至2011年5月间因已婚不孕、反复习惯性流产的子宫发育情况进行检查。结果发现纵隔子宫124例,双子宫16例,双角子宫11例,单角子宫15例,残角子宫9例,弓形子宫2例。结论经阴道实时三维超声诊断子宫畸形快速、简便、明确、重复性好、无射线。尤其是纵隔子宫更具有特征性的三维声像特点,是诊断子宫畸形并且区分畸形种类的最佳检查方法,可替代子宫输卵管碘油造影及官腔镜检查等有创手段,值得在子宫畸形者中应用,有利于优生优育,减少流产儿的发生。     

经阴道实时三维超声成像诊断宫腔内病变

目的评价经阴道实时三维超声诊断宫腔内病变的临床价值。方法应用经阴道实时三维超声容积探头,对397例因不规则阴道出血、不孕、腹痛及白带异常等妇科住院患者进行术前检查。结果397例中共检出子宫内膜息肉183例,子宫内膜肥厚157例,子宫粘膜下肌瘤45例,子宫内膜癌12例,经手术证实诊断符合率分别为96％、98％、98％、92％。结论经阴道实时三维超声可对子宫内膜和官腔进行立体成像,能准确定位宫腔内病灶的位置,及其与宫壁和内膜的关系,与其他诊断方法相比具有其独特的优越性。     

经阴道超声和腹部超声对子宫内膜病变诊断的比较分析

目的探讨经阴道超声和腹部超声对子宫内膜病变诊断比较情况。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,分析笔者所在医院收治的子宫内膜病变患者临床资料,依据检查方式不同分为经腹部超声检查组和经阴道超声检查组。结果经阴道超声检查子宫内膜息肉、子宫黏膜下肌瘤、子宫内膜增生、子宫内膜炎、子宫内膜癌、不全流产诊断符合率明显高于经腹部超声诊断组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论经阴道超声检查简便、可行、无创、准确率高,是筛查和监测子宫内膜病变首选的可靠方法,值得临床推广应用。     

经阴道与经腹部B超诊断异位妊娠的价值

目的探讨经阴道超声与经腹部B超应用于临床真异位妊娠的效果。方法将医院收治的90例疑似异位妊娠患者作为此次研究对象,分别行腹部B超与经阴道超声检查。以手术病理诊断为金标准。比较两种方法诊断效果。结果 90例患者均经手术病理诊断证实为异位妊娠,胚胎存活完整者为44例、输卵管流产者42例、输卵管破裂者4例。经阴道B超检查诊断输卵管妊娠、卵巢妊娠、宫颈妊娠、子宫角部妊娠及残角子宫妊娠符合率明显高于腹部超声检查,P0.05。经阴道B超检查在假孕囊、胚芽、附件包块、原始心管搏动及盆腔积液检出上明显高于对照组,P0.05。结论采用经阴道B超检查诊断异位妊娠效果较经腹部B超检查更具有优势,值得推荐。     

子宫输卵管造影术诊断先天性子宫畸形的优势与限度

目的探讨HSG对先天性子宫畸形的诊断价值与限度。方法回顾分析68例经MRI、腹腔镜、宫腔镜检查或开腹手术证实的病例，分析其HSG表现和误诊情况。结果HSG诊断子宫畸形的符合率较高，误诊率为17．6％，其中单角子宫、双角子宫和纵隔子宫的误诊率较高。结论HSG可直观的判断子宫畸形的类型，诊断价值高，应作为首选诊断方法。但对于部分类型子宫畸形较难鉴别；检查时须细致、慎重，必要时须结合其他检查避免误诊。     

经阴道三维超声及其断层成像技术对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的鉴别诊断

目的探讨经阴道三维超声及其断层成像技术对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的鉴别诊断价值。方法将58例清宫或宫/腹腔镜术后病理证实为CSP的患者纳入研究,了解其超声检查方法,分析其二维、经阴道三维超声及断层成像的声像图特征。所有超声检查均与病理诊断对照。结果 58例CSP患者中,经腹超声检查诊断7例、误诊4例(误诊率36.4%);经阴道二维超声诊断19例,误诊6例(误诊率24.0%);经阴道三维超声及断层成像诊断21例,误诊1例(误诊率4.5%);经阴道三维超声及断层成像诊断CSP的误诊率显著低于其他两种超声诊断方式(P0.05)。经腹及经阴道二维、三维超声诊断CSP的声像图特征:瘢痕处孕囊突入型35例(60.34%)、瘢痕处孕囊型17例(29.31%)、瘢痕处混合回声包块型6例(10.34%)。结论经阴道三维超声及断层成像技术能较清楚地显示孕囊或包块与剖宫产瘢痕空间位置关系,有利于寻找胚胎着床位置,为CSP的诊断和鉴别诊断提供重要信息,从而降低误诊率。     

多普勒超声对82例子宫切口妊娠诊断的临床价值研究分析

目的研究分析82例子宫切口妊娠患者行多普勒超声诊断价值。方法选取2015年1月至2017年1月本院收治的子宫切口妊娠患者82例,研究人员将82例子宫切口妊娠患者设为A组,另选同期以往已行剖宫产并行超声检查的再次妊娠者42例并设为B组。结果 A组82例患者行超声检查结果显示,妊娠物均在子宫前壁的下段剖宫产切口处,48例为孕囊型,20例为不均质团块型,12例为结节型。A、B两组超声显像图的特征,A组患者伴有子宫切口假腔例数明显多于B组,而宫腔内有异常回声例数显著少于B组(P0.05);A组患者切口肌层厚度,孕囊与切口距离均明显小于B组(P0.05);A组患者的血流指数略小于B组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于子宫切口妊娠的诊断,多普勒超声检查简单方便,防止因误诊而盲目施行清宫或人工流产而导致的大出血情况,为临床医师的早期诊断治疗提供参考基础,临床价值显著。     

超声产前诊断胎儿畸形

目的探讨超声在产前诊断胎儿畸形的临床价值。方法采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对2230例孕11～40周的孕妇进行系统超声检查并随访。结果2230例孕妇中，超声诊断胎儿畸形28例，漏诊8例。发生畸形位居前三的是心血管畸形，神经管畸形。泌尿系统畸形。漏诊病例多为心血管畸形及较小畸形。结论超声检查可以对胎儿形态结卞句方面的明显畸形作出明确的产前诊断，明显减少出生缺陷，提高人口素质。对于心血管畸形及较小畸形还有待于改进方法，加强规范操作。     

彩色多普勒超声在高龄孕妇中对泌尿系统畸形胎儿的产前诊断价值分析

目的 分析不同类型泌尿系统畸形胎儿的彩色多普勒超声声像图的特征,评价彩色多普勒超声对高龄孕妇在产前诊断泌尿系统畸形胎儿的临床研究和诊断价值.方法 随机选择2014年3月至2016年2月本院接收的1 642例平均年龄为35.2岁且孕周为14~38周的孕妇,进行彩色多普勒常规检查,同时观测孕妇腹中胎儿的健康状况,收集对孕妇以及胎儿的临床资料和彩色多普勒超声声像特征并进行统计分析,并对怀疑为泌尿系统畸形的胎儿进行随访验证.对检测出泌尿系统畸形胎儿、疑似泌尿系统畸形胎儿和漏诊的病例,在分娩后进行彩色多普勒超声诊断和随访,将随访的结果与产前彩色多普勒超声检查的统计结果相对照.结果 通过彩色多普勒超声检测1 642例孕妇,对其超声声像特征的资料进行分析,根据超声声像图特征做出诊断.检测发现有42例泌尿系统畸形的胎儿,包含肾发育不良胎儿4例,占9.5%;多囊性发育不良8例,占19.04%;肾盂扩张15例,占35.7%;肾积水6例,占14.3%;肾缺如7例,占16.7%;巨膀胱1例,占2.4%;尿道下裂1例,占2.4%;进行产前彩色多普勒超声检测的诊断结果与分娩后检查和随访结果一致,其中一例被误诊,产妇分娩后病症消失.结论 产前对高龄孕妇进行彩色多普勒超声检查,诊断出泌尿系统畸形胎儿的准确率较高.利用彩色多普勒超声检测,使得泌尿系统畸形胎儿在产前即可作出诊断,为临床诊断、采取措施和预后评估提供了可靠且重要的依据.     

Evolution of congenital malformations of the umbilical-portal-hepatic venous system

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to describe the evolution of 8 cases of congenital malformations of the umbilical-portal-hepatic venous system diagnosed before the first month of life.Materials and methodsAll cases of congenital malformation of the portal and hepatic venous system diagnosed prenatally or during the first month of life in our institution were systematically reviewed since November 2000. Clinical features, imaging, and anatomical findings were reviewed, focusing primarily on clinical and radiologic evolution.ResultsEight cases of congenital malformation of the umbilical-portal-hepatic venous system were studied. Fifty percent of these malformations were diagnosed prenatally. We report 4 portosystemic shunts. Three involuted spontaneously, and the fourth one required surgical treatment. We report a variation of the usual anatomy of portal and hepatic veins that remained asymptomatic, an aneurysmal dilatation of a vitelline vein causing portal vein thrombosis that needed prompt surgical treatment with good result, a complex portal and hepatic venous malformation treated operatively, and a persistent right umbilical vein that remained asymptomatic.ConclusionPrenatal diagnosis of malformations of the umbilical-portal-hepatic venous network is uncommon. Little is known about the postnatal prognosis. Clinical, biologic, and radiologic follow-up by ultrasonography is essential to distinguish pathologic situations from normal anatomical variants.     

超声检查早期诊断体外受精-胚胎移植术后复合妊娠

目的探讨超声检查早期诊断体外受精-胚胎移植术(IVF-ET)后复合妊娠(HP)的价值。方法回顾性分析81例IVF-ET后临床确诊为复合妊娠患者的超声和手术情况,并随访宫内妊娠结局。结果超声诊断HP的时间为IVFET后20~49天,平均(29.08±5.74)天。81例中,术前超声诊断为宫内合并输卵管妊娠70例,宫内合并宫角妊娠8例,宫内合并宫颈妊娠、宫内合并肌壁间妊娠、单侧输卵管妊娠各1例;术前超声误诊3例,漏诊1例;超声诊断符合率为95.06%(77/81)。对77例宫内妊娠情况进行随访,其中60例已分娩或继续妊娠,6例术后宫内胚胎停育而接受清宫术,1例因21-三体高风险而接受引产,10例失访。结论超声检查可早期诊断IVF-ET后HP,指导临床及时治疗。     

Polyhydramnios: A warning sign in the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of foetal malformation?

PurposeTo propose polyhydramnios seen during prenatal diagnosis as a warning sign of foetal malformation.Patients and methodsA retrospective multicentre study over a three-year period carried out in Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso. We reviewed 3903 obstetric ultrasound reports. All cases of foetal malformation and polyhydramnios were counted. The instances of foetal malformation associated with polyhydramnios were compared to those of foetal malformation without polyhydramnios and to polyhydramnios only.ResultsA list of 72 cases of polyhydramnios was made (equating to 1.8%). In 55 cases (76.4%), polyhydramnios was combined with foetal malformation. These were lethal abnormalities in 33 cases and non-lethal in 22 cases. In 17 cases, polyhydramnios was not associated with any foetal malformations and in eight cases, foetal malformation was discovered in the absence of polyhydramnios. Polyhydramnios had a positive predictive value of 76.4% for the presence of foetal malformation. The negative predictive value was 99.8%. Sensitivity was 87.3% and specificity was 99.5%.ConclusionPolyhydramnios is a highly sensitive and specific sign for prenatal diagnosis of foetal malformation. If it is identified, then this should lead to a very careful search for foetal malformation.     

宫腔镜联合B超诊断24例子宫畸形

目的探讨子宫畸形,尤其少女子宫畸形的宫腔镜诊断可行性. 方法选择24例子宫畸形采用宫腔镜联合B超检查确定子宫畸形的类型. 结果确诊双角子宫8例,单宫颈纵隔子宫10例,双宫颈单宫体纵隔子宫2例,青春期残角子宫4例. 结论宫腔镜联合B超诊断子宫畸形明确,且适用于少女.     

Hydrosalpinx in a patient with complex genitourinary malformation

We describe an adolescent female patient born with a complex genitourinary malformation including bilateral duplex system and duplication of the müllerian structures (bicornuate uterus and septate vagina). She presented with a symptomatic hydrosalpinx. The typical imaging of this condition is described along with the issues associated with the differential diagnosis in this complex scenario. The diagnosis of hydrosaplinx should be suspected in patients with complex genitourinary malformations and a pelvic fluid collection. Associated genital and renal anomalies are noted in 30% of cases.     

不孕症实时三维超声造影检查体系的临床应用

目的探讨经阴道三维超声自由解剖(Omni-View)技术、宫腔声学造影和子宫输卵管实时三维超声造影相结合的实时三维超声造影检查体系在不孕症诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析246例因临床拟诊输卵管性不孕症接受实时三维超声造影检查体系检查的患者资料,其中56例同期接受宫腔镜检查并获病理结果,33例同期接受腹腔镜检查。结果 246例中,Omni-View成像检出宫腔粘连10例,子宫息肉15例,弓形子宫7例,不全纵隔术后2例。宫腔声学造影检出宫腔粘连50例,子宫息肉24例,内膜局部缺损2例。以病理结果为金标准,Omni-View技术诊断子宫息肉的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为33.33%(6/18)、92.11%(35/38)、73.21%(41/56);宫腔声学造影诊断子宫息肉的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为94.44%(17/18)、94.73%(36/38)、94.64%(53/56)。以病理结果为金标准,Omni-View技术诊断宫腔粘连的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为25.00%(8/32)、91.67%(22/24)、53.57%(30/56),宫腔声学造影诊断宫腔粘连的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为90.63%(29/32)、100%(24/24)、94.64%(53/56)。子宫输卵管实时三维超声造影与腹腔镜通染液检查对输卵管通畅程度判断的总符合率为86.36%(57/66),两种方法具有较高的一致性(Kappa=0.841,P0.001)。超声检查过程中,出现轻度不良反应84例,中度不良反应32例,均为非药物性不良反应,休息15~20min后症状均消失。结论通过实时三维超声造影检查体系可在一次系统检查中对宫腔输卵管进行全面评估,有助于临床不孕症的诊断。     

实时三维超声心动图诊断先天性三尖瓣畸形

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图对先天性三尖瓣畸形的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析34例三尖瓣畸形患者的临床、常规及三维超声心动图诊断资料。结果 34例患者中,Ebstein畸形25例,三尖瓣闭锁4例,三尖瓣发育不良3例,三尖瓣瓣叶数目异常(二叶式畸形及瓣叶大部分缺如)2例;其中合并房间隔缺损15例(15/34,44.12%),动脉导管未闭、室间隔缺损各4例(4/34,11.76%),肺动脉瓣闭锁、二尖瓣前叶脱垂、单心室各3例(3/34,8.82%),卵圆孔未闭、右心室发育不良各2例(2/34,5.88%),左心室心尖部心肌致密化不全、纠正型大动脉转位、右心室双出口、共同动脉干Ⅲ型各1例(1/34,2.94%)。除2例三尖瓣闭锁患儿出生后1年内于术前死亡外,余所有患者均接受手术治疗证实超声诊断。结论实时三维超声心动图结合常规二维超声心动图对无创、准确诊断先天性三尖瓣畸形及其合并心内畸形具有重要价值。     

Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations

Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations are uncommon but potentially life-threatening anomalies of infants and children. Between 1970 and 1988, 45 patients from birth to 13 years of age (23 boys and 22 girls) underwent evaluation and treatment for bronchopulmonary malformations. Thirty-seven had solitary lesions: bronchogenic cyst (n = 13), cystic adenomatoid malformation (n = 9), congenital lobar emphysema (n = 6), pulmonary sequestration (n = 6), arteriovenous malformation (n = 2), and bronchial atresia (n = 1). Eight additional patients had two simultaneous abnormalities and three patients had congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Twenty-one patients had respiratory symptoms, which were severe in seven. Twelve had pulmonary infection and 10 patients were completely free of symptoms. Plain chest roentgenogram was the only diagnostic imaging performed in 11 patients. Thirteen patients underwent computed tomographic scan, but in only four was it essential for diagnosis. Prenatal ultrasonography in three patients demonstrated cystic adenomatoid malformation in two, with one false negative study. Postnatally, ultrasonography was also useful in establishing the diagnoses of cystic adenomatoid malformation and pulmonary sequestration. Thoracotomy with excision of the lesion by lobectomy or pneumonectomy resulted in survival of 42 patients (93%). Three deaths in neonates were due to pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. Two of them had concomitant diaphragmatic hernia; the other had a cystic adenomatoid malformation and died despite the use of postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These data demonstrate that congenital bronchopulmonary malformations usually can be diagnosed by plain chest x-ray films. Ancillary studies such as ultrasonography or computed tomography may occasionally be necessary. Combinations of the different types of bronchopulmonary malformations occurred frequently. All lesions, including symptomatic lesions in neonates, can be managed surgically soon after diagnosis.