抑郁症患者认知方式与人格类型

目的分析抑郁症患者心理测定相关因子,探索抑郁症的场依存性-独立性与人格的关系。方法选用艾森克个性测验(EPQ)、认知方式图形测验(镶嵌图形测验)等心理测验对62例抑郁症患者(其中重度组26例,轻度组36例)及61例正常人进行测试。结果抑郁症组EPQ量表中的P、N分明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(t=2.37,10.39,P<0.01～0.001);E分明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(t=6.14,P<0.001);抑郁症组抑郁自评量表BDI与X1(镶嵌测验第二部分)呈正相关关系,相关系数为0.264(P<0.05);重度抑郁症组镶嵌测验第二部分和总分均明显高于轻度抑郁症组,差异有显著性(P<0.05～0.01)。结论抑郁症有两种不同类型的人格倾向:场依存性和场独立性,随着抑郁程度的加重,场独立性呈增强的趋势。     

产后抑郁症相关因素及护理

产后抑郁是产妇生产后的情绪障碍,可持续至整个产褥期或更长时间,主要表现为兴趣减退或丧失,悲观,无助感,精神疲惫,自我评价降低,重者出现自杀念头,直接影响母体及婴儿的身心健康.对其相关因素及护理讨论如下.     

产后抑郁症的病因分析及应对策略

产后抑郁症是指产妇在分娩后出现情绪低落、精神抑郁为主要症状的病症,临床表现为疲乏、爱哭、孤僻、失眠、厌世悲观、自罪感等。产后抑郁症的主要症状:(1)心情抑郁、情感淡漠;(2)自我评价低、自暴自弃、情绪敌对;(3)创造性思维受损、     

产后抑郁症相关因素分析及护理

对我院产后抑郁症相关因素分析及护理总结如下。     

产后抑郁症的影响因素分析及护理对策

产后抑郁症是指产妇分娩后出现以心境低落为主要特征的抑郁状态,表现为易哭泣、激怒、恐怖、焦虑、沮丧、悲哀和对自身及婴儿健康过度担忧,常失去生活自理及照料婴儿的能力,严重者可出现自杀念头或行为,直接影响产妇及婴儿的身心健康。笔者对产后抑郁症的影响因素分析及护理对策总结如下。     

综合心理干预对产后抑郁症的效果分析

目的探讨综合心理干预措施在预防产后抑郁症中的效果分析。方法采用焦虑自评量表、产后抑郁量表及自制问卷调查表,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采取综合心理干预的护理措施,对照组采用常规护理。结果产后抑郁症心理干预组发生率为2.78%,而对照组为18.8%,心理干预组低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论孕期焦虑情绪是发生产后抑郁症的最主要因素,综合心理干预可减少产后抑郁症的发生。     

产后抑郁症护理干预效果分析

产后抑郁症是妇产科精神综合征中最常见的一种类型,国外报道其在产妇中的发生率为3.5％～33％,国内报道为11.38％～17.9％[1,2].随着医学模式的转变,孕产妇的心理保健也越来越受到关注,定期对孕产妇进行心理检查,可做到早预防、早诊断、早治疗.本文对我院100例产后抑郁症产妇的临床护理资料进行回顾性分析,现报道如下.     

社会心理支持与初产妇产后抑郁症发生的关系

目的探讨社会心理支持对初产妇产后抑郁症的影响,以评价社会心理支持的作用。方法 258例在我院分娩的初产妇随机分为两组,实验组和对照组各129例,对实验组做针对性的社会心理支持,对照组按常规护理,在分娩后第1、3、6周均采用Edinburgh产后抑郁量表对产妇进行测量,比较两组抑郁症发生的差别。结果 3次测量两组抑郁症发生率差别均有统计学意义。结论产后抑郁症的发生有一定的社会心理因素,不可忽视社会心理支持的作用。     

产前心理疏导预防产后抑郁症疗效分析

2008-03-2010-06我们对100例孕产妇实施产前心理疏导预防产后抑郁症的发生,效果显著,分析如下。1资料与方法     

产后抑郁症的原因及早期干预效果分析

目的探讨产后抑郁症的发病原因及早期干预后的效果,为防治产后抑郁症提供依据。方法 436例产妇随机分为两组,干预组(n=218)在接受常规孕产期保健与护理的同时采用认知疗法进行早期干预,对照组(n=218)接受常规孕产期保健与护理,对比分析两组患者产后抑郁症的发病率。结果产后抑郁症的发病率为13.6%,生理因素、心理压力、家庭环境、社会文化因素为主要发病原因。早期干预组产后抑郁症发病率为5.5%,对照组发病率18.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.11,P<0.01)。结论产后抑郁症发病率高,应受到重视。早期干预对预防产后抑郁症有明显的效果。     

Paternal postpartum depression, its relationship to maternal postpartum depression, and implications for family health

BACKGROUND: Much attention has been paid to the problem of postpartum depression in women. However, there is some indication that men also experience depression after the birth of a child, and that paternal depression is linked to maternal depression. AIMS: The purpose of this integrative review was to examine current knowledge about postpartum depression in fathers. Specific aims were (1) to examine the incidence of paternal depression in the first year after the birth of a child, (2) to identify the characteristics and predictors of paternal postpartum depression, (3) to describe the relationship between maternal and paternal postpartum depression, and (4) to discuss the influence of paternal depression on the family and infant. METHODS: A literature search from 1980 to 2002 was carried out using the CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Medline electronic databases. Twenty research studies were identified that included incidence rates of paternal depression during the first year postpartum. These were further examined and synthesized regarding onset, severity, duration, and predictors of paternal depressive symptoms, and for information about the relationship between maternal and paternal depression. FINDINGS: During the first postpartum year, the incidence of paternal depression ranged from 1.2% to 25.5% in community samples, and from 24% to 50% among men whose partners were experiencing postpartum depression. Maternal depression was identified as the strongest predictor of paternal depression during the postpartum period. The implications of parental depression for family health were discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum depression in men is a significant problem. The strong correlation of paternal postpartum depression with maternal postpartum depression has important implications for family health and well-being. Consideration of postpartum depression in fathers as well as mothers, and consideration of co-occurrence of depression in couples, is an important next step in research and practice involving childbearing families.     

糖尿病患者200例焦虑抑郁状况调查

目的分析糖尿病患者的心理特点,为临床治疗和心理护理提供依据。方法用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS),对收住入院的200例糖尿病患者进行心理问卷调查,将测试结果与国内常模进行比较,并从不同性别、年龄、经济状况、文化程度及病程方面进行心理状况的分析。结果糖尿病患者SAS评分(45.18±9.64)、SDS评分(51.81±12.18)与国内常模比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且男女之间、不同年龄段、文化程度、经济状况之间的SAS、SDS评分比较,差异具有统计学意义。结论糖尿病患者常存在焦虑、抑郁心理,且受性别、年龄、文化程度和经济状况的影响。     

重庆地区小学生艾森克人格问卷调查及影响因素分析

目的了解重庆市小学生人格特点及其影响因素。方法从重庆市7所小学随机整群抽取1110名4～6年级小学生,采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ,儿童版)及社会支持评定量表对其进行调查。比较EPQ各因子与常模的差异,并筛选主要影响因子。结果①EPQ各因子得分与全国常模比较,各年龄组男女生的内外向和精神质,9岁～、10岁～、11岁～组女生的掩饰性及11岁～组男女生,9岁～、10岁～组男生和12岁～组女生的情绪稳定性得分均低于常模(P<0.05),而9岁～和11岁～组男生、12岁～组女生的掩饰性得分均高于常模(P<0.05)。②影响内外向因子的因素为居住地、年级、家人吵架情况、父母表扬鼓励经历、班主任表扬情况、主观支持、支持利用度;影响情绪稳定性的因素为家人吵架情况、父母对功课过问情况、父母表扬鼓励经历、受家人打骂情况、感到学习负担重、支持利用度;影响精神质的因素为性别、居住地、是否独生子女、父母表扬鼓励经历、受家人打骂情况、班主任批评情况、感到学习负担重、客观支持、支持利用度;影响掩饰性的因素为性别、年级、家人吵架情况、父母对功课过问情况、班主任表扬情况、感到学习负担重、主观支持、支持利用度。结论目前重庆市小学生人格总体倾向于内向、稳定而精神质倾向不明显,且受个体、家庭、学校等多种因素的影响。     

护士长人格特质及应付方式的调查研究

目的了解当前护士长的人格特质及其行为应付方式特点,为正确评价、科学培养和选拔护士长提供心理学方面的实证数据。方法采用艾森克个性问卷和肖计划编制的应付方式问卷对四川省303名护士长进行调查评定。结果护士长在外倾性方面明显高于常模(P<0.01);在神经质和精神质方面得分低于常模(P<0.01);三个维度的差异均有显著性意义;应付方式以解决问题和求助的成熟型为主(占74.9％);护士长人格特质与应付方式之间存在密切的相关性。结论绝大多数被调查的护士长在神经质和精神质维度方面都优于常模,且明显呈外倾型个性,但也发现有一部分护士长存在着高精神质、高神经质的病态性人格倾向,需进一步加强人格教育和指导。     

Stress in women with postpartum depression: a phenomenological study

AIM: The aim of this paper is to report a study of the lived experience of postpartum stress among depressed Hong Kong Chinese mothers. BACKGROUND: Research consistently relates postpartum stress to the mood and well-being of mothers during the postpartum period. While several studies have used questionnaires to assess the stress levels of mothers or have identified stressors by asking them to list stressful events, the existing literature lacks in-depth information on the lived experience of postpartum stress from the perspective of the depressed mother. METHODS: The study adopted a phenomenological approach with a purposive sample of 11 depressed Hong Kong Chinese mothers at around the sixth postpartum month. In-depth interviews were conducted in Cantonese and focused on the stress the mothers experienced during the postpartum period up to the time of the interview. The data were collected in 2000. RESULTS: Living in a metropolitan city under the mixed and sometimes conflicting influences of cultures from the East and the West, Hong Kong Chinese mothers face a unique set of challenges which, if not properly managed, may cause stress and/or depression in the postpartum period. We identified five major postpartum stress themes amongst this group of women: parenting competence, the expectation-experience gap, baby-minder arrangements, childcare demands, and conflict with culture and tradition. CONCLUSIONS: Health care staff should give anticipatory guidance to mothers and their spouses about the culturally prescribed set of rules that proved stressful. Antenatal education classes need to enhanced, and support is needed to help this population of women manage and overcome the challenges in the postpartum period.     

产后抑郁症的危险因素及护理现状

产后抑郁症是产妇在分娩后出现的一系列生理和心理改变,主要表现为伤心、焦虑、情绪不稳定、易怒等。产后抑郁症严重影响了产妇的身心健康及婴儿的健康成长,同时也给家庭、婚姻乃至社会带来负面影响。对目前国内外产后抑郁症危险因素的研究进展及护理现状进行了综述。     

学龄期矮小儿童焦虑抑郁状况与个性特征的调查及相关分析

目的探讨学龄期矮小儿童焦虑、抑郁状况及个性特征,分析其相关性。方法选取102例学龄期矮小儿童为实验组,同年龄健康儿童78例为对照组。采用儿童焦虑性情绪筛查量表（SCARED）、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）和儿童版艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）分别对两组儿童进行问卷调查,总结两组儿童焦虑、抑郁状况及个性特征,并分析其相关性。结果实验组焦虑者44．12％显著高于对照组的16．67％,差异有统计学意义（X^2=15．25,P〈0．01）;两组抑郁发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（X^2=1．10,P〉0．05）;实验组儿童的焦虑总分以及躯体化／惊恐、广泛性焦虑、社交恐怖、学校恐怖分量表评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（t分别为6．281,3．325,7．427,8．857,2．542;P〈0．05）;实验组EPQ量表神经质或情绪稳定性（N）、精神质（P）评分分别为（16．35±4．23）,（8．31±3．46）分分别高于对照组的（11．86±3．82）,（5．21±2．78）分,内外向（E）、掩饰性（L）评分分别为（11．36±3．14）,（8．24±5．10）分分别低于对照组的（13．37±4．25）,（11．24±3．43）分,差异均有统计学意义（t分别为4．531,4．767,3．124,2．521;P〈0．05）。SCARED评分与N和P呈正相关,与E和L呈负相关（r分别为0．37,0．33,-0．31,-0．19;P〈0．05）;DSRSC评分与N和P呈正相关,与E呈负相关（r分别为0．17,0．13,-0．21;P〈0．05）。结论学龄期矮小儿童较正常儿童有更多的焦虑情绪,其焦虑抑郁心理与个性特征相关。在治疗儿童躯体疾病的同时,对矮小儿童进行社会心理干预非常必要。     

家庭关怀度对脑梗死患者抑郁影响的研究

目的探讨家庭关怀度对脑梗死患者抑郁的影响。方法采用家庭关怀指数问卷和汉密尔顿抑郁量表对360例脑梗死患者进行问卷调查。结果①脑梗死患者家庭关怀度总分为(6.29±1.41)分;②脑梗死患者抑郁量表得分为(22.39±2.23)分,其中205例(56.94%)得分>20分;③多元线性回归分析显示,亲密度、情感度和适应度共同解释脑梗死患者抑郁总变异的35.2%。结论脑梗死患者的抑郁情况应引起护理人员的重视,家庭关怀度中的亲密度、情感度和适应度是脑梗死患者抑郁的影响因素,护理人员可尝试通过提高患者家庭关怀度改善其抑郁情况。