Comparison of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in age-related macular degeneration:a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To compare the effectiveness and safety between bevacizumab and ranibizumab in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS:We performed a comprehensive search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, case-control and cohort studies that compared bevacizumab and ranibizumab using PubMed and the Cochrane Library. After the related data were extracted by two investigators independently, pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model.RESULTS:A total of four RCTs involving 1927 patients and eleven retrospective case series involving 2296 patients were included. For the primary outcomes, no significant differences were found between ranibizumab group and bevacizumab group in visual acuity (WMD:-0.04; 95%CI:-0.08 to 0.00; P=0.06), best corrected visual acuity (WMD:-0.05; 95%CI:-0.10 to 0.00; P=0.05), retina thickness (WMD:-4.69; 95%CI:-13.15 to 3.76; P=0.86) and foveal thickness (WMD:10.91; 95%CI:-14.73 to 36.56; P=0.40). The pooled analyses in the evaluation of safety showed that compared to bevacizumab, ranibizumab was associated with decreased risks of ocular inflammation (RR:0.45; 95% CI:0.23 to 0.89; P=0.02) and venous thrombotic events (RR:0.27; 95%CI:0.08 to 0.89; P=0.03). However, there were no significant differences observed in deaths (P=0.69) and arterial thromboembolic events (P=0.71) between the two groups.CONCLUSION:With equal clinical efficacy, ranibizumab was found to be associated with less adverse events compared to bevacizumab, indicating that ranibizumab might be a safer management.     

Comparison of conbercept and ranibizumab for the treatment efficacy of diabetic macular edema: a Meta-analysis and systematic review

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) and ranibizumab (IVR) in patients with diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Reviewers have searched 12 databases, including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Springer, ScienceDirect, OVID, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, cqVIP, WanFangdata and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), up to December 28, 2018. RevMan 5.3 (Cochrane Library Software, Oxford, UK) was employed for statistical analysis. Fixed and random effects models were applied to assess heterogeneity. Odds ratio (OR) was applied for dichotomous variables; weighted mean difference (WMD) was applied for continuous variables. The confidence interval (CI) was set at 95%. Central macular thickness (CMT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were employed to analyze the improvement of DME patients. Inclusion criteria for picking out studies were retrospective studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared IVC and IVR for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. RESULTS: Four retrospective studies and five RCTs were included with a total of 609 patients. No statistically significant difference was observed in mean CMT and mean BCVA in the baseline parameters [BCVA (WMD: -0.48; 95%CI: -1.06 to 0.10; P=0.1), CMT (WMD: -0.83; 95%CI: -15.15 to 13.49; P=0.91). No significant difference was found in the improvement of BCVA and adverse event (AE) in IVC group, compared with IVR group after treatment of loading dosage [the 1st month BCVA (WMD: 0.01; 95%CI: -0.26 to 0.27; P=0.96), the 3rd month BCVA (WMD: -0.04; 95%CI: -0.14 to 0.06; P=0.46); the 6th month BCVA (WMD: -0.24; 95%CI: -1.62 to 1.14; P=0.73)], AE (OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.38 to 1.84; P=0.66)]. A slight difference was found in the effectiveness rate (OR: 1.70; 95%CI: 0.97 to 2.96; P=0.06), There were statistically significant differences between IVC and IVR treatment in terms of CMT [1st month CMT (WMD: -19.88; 95%CI: -27.94 to -11.82; P<0.001), 3rd month CMT (WMD: -23.31; 95%CI: -43.30 to -3.33; P=0.02), 6th month CMT (WMD: -74.74; 95%CI: -106.22 to -43.26; P<0.001)]. CONCLUSION: Pooled evidence suggests that both IVC and IVR are effective in the therapy of diabetic macular edema and affirms that IVC presents superiority over IVR therapy in regard of CMT in patients with diabetic macular edema, but no statistically significant difference with regard to visual improvement. Relevant RCTs with longer-term follow-up are necessary to back up our conclusion.     

玻璃酸钠联合rhEGF滴眼液治疗白内障术后干眼疗效的Meta分析

目的:运用Meta分析方法系统评价近5a玻璃酸钠联合重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)滴眼液治疗白内障术后干眼的疗效。方法:计算机检索2015-01/2020-05中国知网数据库、万方数据库、重庆维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、Cochrane Library、PudMed、MEDLINE等数据库关于采用玻璃酸钠联合rhEGF滴眼液治疗白内障术后干眼的的临床对照研究相关文献,使用Rev-man 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析和统计处理。结果:共纳入14项随机对照研究,患眼1529例。其中14项研究在治疗结束后进行了角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分,结果显示差异有统计学意义[MD=-0.86,95%CI(-1.07~-0.66),P<0.00001];14项研究在治疗结束后进行了泪膜破裂时间(BUT)测定,结果显示差异有统计学意义[MD=2.33,95%CI(1.64~3.03),P<0.00001];12项研究在治疗结束后进行了泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)测定,结果显示差异无统计学意义[MD=0.49,95%CI(-0.52~1.50),P=0.34];12项研究在治疗结束后进行了总体有效率计算,结果显示差异有统计学意义[OR=4.88,95%CI(3.34~7.14),P<0.00001];4项研究在治疗结束后进行了干眼症状评分测定,结果显示差异有统计学意义[MD=-1.09,95%CI(-1.58~-0.61),P<0.00001]。结论:玻璃酸钠联合rhEGF滴眼液治疗白内障术后干眼能显著提高角膜修复能力和BUT,在治疗白内障术后干眼总体疗效上更具优势。     

抗VEGF与激光治疗1型早产儿视网膜病变的Meta分析

目的:系统评价抗VEGF与激光治疗1型早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的疗效分析。方法:通过计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、CBM、The Cochrane Library、WanFang Data、CNKI和VIP数据库,收集比较抗VEGF与激光用于治疗1型ROP疗效的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均从建库至2020-01-06,按照纳入与排除标准提取资料,行质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入6个RCT。Meta分析结果显示:抗VEGF与激光组相比,复发率无差异[RR=0.94,95%CI(0.17~5.23),P=0.94];亚组分析Ⅰ区有差异[RR=0.17,95%CI(0.05~0.62),P=0.007];Ⅱ区无差异[RR=2.20,95%CI(0.07~73.48),P=0.66]。与激光组相比,再治疗率无差异[RR=2.36,95%CI(0.70~7.99),P=0.17],亚组分析Ⅰ区无差异[RR=0.33,95%CI(0.01~7.50),P=0.49];Ⅱ区有差异[RR=13,95%CI(1.84~92.01),P=0.01]。两者不良反应发生率无差异[RR=0.87,95%CI(0.54~1.40),P=0.57]。结论:激光和抗VEGF疗效相当,但在降低Ⅰ区复发率方面抗VEGF则更有优势,降低Ⅱ区再治疗率方面激光更有优势。     

Effects of lipid-lowering agents on diabetic retinopathy: a Meta-analysis and systematic review

AIM: To clarify this controversy and to provide evidence for application of lipid lowering agents in treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and abstracts from main annual meetings up to January 1, 2017. Google scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were also searched for unpublished relevant studies. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied lipid-lowering agents in type 1 or type 2 diabetes in this Meta-analysis. The primary endpoint was the progression of DR, and the secondary endpoints included vision loss, development of diabetic macular edema (DME) and aggravation of hard exudates. The pooled odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: After systemic and manual literature search by two independent investigators, we included 8 RCTs from 7 published articles with 13 454 participants in this Meta-analysis. The results revealed that lipid-lowering drugs were associated with reduced risk in DR progression [OR=0.77 (95%CI: 0.62, 0.96), P=0.02]. Lipid-lowering agents might have protective effect on DME compared to placebo, although the difference was not statistically significant [OR=0.60 (95%CI: 0.34, 1.08), P=0.09]. However, no significant differences in the worsening of vision acuity [OR=0.96 (95%CI: 0.81,1.14), P=0.64] and hard exudates [OR=0.50 (95%CI:0.15, 1.74), P=0.28] were found between the lipid-lowering drugs and the placebo groups. CONCLUSION: In DR patients, lipid-lowering agents show a protective effect on DR progression and might be associated with reduced risk in the development of DME. However, lipid-lowering agents have no effects on vision loss and hard exudates aggravation. Further clinical trials in larger scale are required to confirm the conclusion of this study and thus justify the use of intensive control lipids with anti-lipid agents at the early stages of DR.     

贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗治疗渗出型老年性黄斑变性有效性meta分析

目的 系统评价贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗治疗渗出型老年性黄斑变性（AMD）的有效性。方法 计算机检索荷兰医学文摘数据库Embase、美国临床医学期刊全文数据库Ovid、美国国立医学图书馆医学数据库Pubmed、中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文期刊数据库。收集国内外公开发表的关于贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗治疗渗出型AMD的随机对照试验。检索时限截止至2013年11月。按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取资料和进行质量评价。用RevMan 5.2.6软件进行统计分析。比较贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗治疗前与治疗后3、6、12个月渗出型AMD患者的视力和黄斑中心凹厚度。结果 最终纳入5个研究,共1954例渗出型AMD患者。其中,贝伐单抗治疗组967例,雷珠单抗治疗组987例。Meta分析结果显示,贝伐单抗治疗组与雷珠单抗治疗组视力提高值比较,差异无统计学意义［3个月：加权均数差（WMD）=0.32,95%可信区间（CI）为-0.84~1.49,P=0.59;6个月：WMD=0.47,95%CI为-0.67~1.62,P=0.42;12个月：WMD=0.84,95% CI为-0.23~1.90,P=0.12］;贝伐单抗治疗组与雷珠单抗治疗组黄斑中心凹厚度降低值比较,差异无统计学意义（3个月：WMD=6.21,95%CI为-6.23~18.65,P=0.33;6个月：WMD=4.06,95% CI为-6.16~14.27,P=0.44;12个月：WMD=-5.39,95%CI为-14.41~3.63,P=0.24）。结论 贝伐单抗与雷珠单抗治疗渗出型AMD具有相似的治疗效果。     

0.01%阿托品对亚洲青少年儿童中低度近视屈光度与眼轴影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价亚洲青少年儿童中低度近视使用0.01%阿托品眼液1a后屈光度及眼轴的变化。方法:检索PubMed、the Cochrane Library、Embase、CNKI、CBM、VIP和WanFang Data数据库中的随机对照试验,语言限定为中文或英文。对纳入文献采用《Cochrane干预措施系统评价手册》中偏倚风险评价工具进行质量评价;对纳入文献的发表偏倚采用Egger检验进行检测;采用Review Manager 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共有7篇文献符合纳入标准,包含979例研究对象(试验组440例,对照组539例)。Meta分析结果显示:0.01%阿托品在控制中低度近视儿童屈光度增加的方面优于对照组[WMD=0.50,95%CI(0.37,0.64),P<0.00001];0.01%阿托品在控制中低度近视儿童眼轴增长的方面优于对照组[WMD=-0.20,95%CI(-0.30,-0.10),P=0.0001]。结论:浓度为0.01%阿托品可有效控制亚洲青少年儿童中低度近视屈光度的增加与眼轴的增长。     

Symptom improvement in dry eye subjects following intranasal tear neurostimulation: Results of two studies utilizing a controlled adverse environment

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the intranasal tear neurostimulator (ITN) in improving dry eye symptoms assessed in a controlled adverse environment (CAE®).MethodsStudy 1: Multicenter, subject-masked, randomized-sequence, crossover design. Single intranasal (active) and extranasal (control) ITN administration during CAE exposure. Study 2: Single-arm, open-label design. Intranasal ITN administration ≥2 times/day for 45 days, CAE assessment at days 0 and 45. In both studies, upon CAE entry, and every 5 min thereafter, subjects assessed eye dryness score (visual analog scale, 0–100 mm; EDS-VAS), and ocular discomfort score (ODS; Ora Calibra™, 0–4), for ≈2 h. Study 1: when ODS was ≥3 at 2 consecutive timepoints, subjects applied ITN intranasally or extranasally for ≈3 min, and again when achieving the same ODS criteria in randomized sequence. Study 2: days 0 and 45, ITN was applied for ≈3 min employing the same ODS criteria as Study 1.ResultsStudy 1: Significantly greater pre- to post-application reductions in mean [SEM] EDS (−16.5 [1.7] vs −3.1 [1.7], P < 0.0001) and ODS (−0.93 [0.08] vs −0.34 [0.08], P < 0.0001; n = 143) with intranasal vs extranasal stimulation. Study 2: On day 0 (n = 52) and day 45 (n = 48), significant pre- to post-application reductions in mean [SEM] EDS (−15.9 [2.7] and −15.2 [2.4]; P < 0.0001), and ODS (−1.3 [0.2] and −1.3 [0.1]; P < 0.0001). Few device-related adverse events were reported, none serious.ConclusionsAcute symptom relief is significant with the ITN and remains undiminished after daily use.     

中西医结合治疗外伤性视神经病变疗效评价的Meta分析

目的:系统评价中西医结合治疗外伤性视神经病变(TON)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:通过计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、维普数据库自建库至2020-05的关于中西医结合与单纯西医治疗TON的随机对照研究,使用Cochrane评价手册对纳入文献进行质量评价,使用RevMan5.3统计软件进行资料提取与Meta分析。结果:共筛选出12篇符合纳入、排除标准的文献;Meta分析结果显示,与单纯西药治疗TON比较,中西医结合治疗有效率更高[RR=1.33,95%CI(1.23~1.45),P<0.001];在改善视力[MD=0.18,95%CI(0.14~0.23),P<0.001]、视野平均缺损[MD=-3.08,95%CI(-5.20~0.96),P=0.004]、视觉诱发电位P100波峰潜时[MD=-9.47,95%CI(-16.37~2.57),P=0.007]以及视觉诱发电位P100波峰振幅[MD=1.44,95%CI(0.22~2.66),P=0.02]上作用更显著。纳入文献有2篇提及不良反应的发生和处理,余10篇均未描述。结论:与单纯西医治疗相比,中西医结合治疗TON的疗效更佳。     

Fixed combination of latanoprost and timolol vs the individual components for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension:a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM:To assess the effects of the fixed combination of 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% timolol (FCLT) vs their individual components for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT).METHODS:After searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and SCI, all randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and cross-over studies were included. The control groups were the mono therapy or the concomitant therapy of latanoprost and timolol. The outcomes were visual field defect, optic atrophy, mean intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP fluctuation. The analysis was carried out in RevMan version 5.1 software.RESULTS:The post-intervention mean IOP of FCLT was significantly lower compared to timolol [mean difference (MD) -2.92, 95%CI -3.28 to -2.55, P<0.00001] and latanoprost (MD -1.11, 95%CI -1.51 to -0.72, P＜0.00001). The post-intervention IOP fluctuation was also significantly lower compared to timolol (MD -0.88, 95%CI -1.23 to -0.53, P<0.00001) and latanoprost (MD -0.63, 95%CI -1.04 to -0.22, P=0.002). The mean IOP was higher in FCLT morning dose group than the one in unfixed combination of 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% timolol (UFCLT) (MD 1.10, 95%CI 0.81 to 1.39, P<0.00001). Otherwise, there was no difference between FCLT evening dose group and UFCLT (MD 0.34, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.69, P=0.06). There was no statistical difference for the incidence of visual field defect and optic atrophy between FCLT and the monotherapy of components.CONCLUSION:A better IOP lowering effect has been demonstrated for FCLT compared to the mono therapy of components. The IOP lowering effect was worse for FCLT morning dose and almost same for FCLT evening dose compared to the UFCLT. We need more long-term high quality RCTs to demonstrate the outcomes of visual field defect and optic atrophy.     

MicroRNA-related polymorphisms in pseudoexfoliation syndrome,pseudoexfoliative glaucoma,and primary open-angle glaucoma

Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) and glaucoma (pseudoexfoliative glaucoma; PEXG, primary open-angle glaucoma; POAG) have mainly been studied for their associations with genes’ polymorphisms. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the role of polymorphisms in genes encoding for micro RNAs (miRNAs) and in genes related to miRNA biogenesis.

Material and Methods: In the present genetic association study, ninety-two polymorphisms were investigated for their contribution to PEX (n = 203), PEXG (n = 38), and POAG (n = 40) pathogenesis compared to a control group (n = 188). The next generation sequencing (NGS) genotypic analysis revealed data for additional 28 variants.

Results: A protective association was found between PEX and polymorphism 11382316 (mir-3161) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.86, p = 0.003], rs2155248 (mir-1304) [OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.47–0.94, p = 0.019], and rs28635903 (mir-1268a) [OR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.10–0.94, p = 0.029]. Polymorphism rs113297757 (mir-3196) was associated with an increased risk of POAG [OR = 7.75, 95%CI: 2.13–28.76, p = 3 × 10^?4]. Polymorphism rs1057035 (DICER) and rs55671916 (XPO5) in the 3?-UTR of genes related to miRNA biogenesis was associated with decreased risk of PEX [OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.46–0.92, p = 0.014] and increased risk of PEXG [OR = 2.84, 95%CI: 1.02–7.94, p = 0.038], respectively. The aforementioned associations according to the allelic model were further supported by the genotypic models of statistical analyses.

Conclusions: This is the first study to report distinct associations of PEX, PEXG, and POAG in the same population with variants of genes involved in miRNA biogenesis and with miRNA genes’ polymorphisms. Further studies in larger groups of patients of various origins are needed to confirm the reported preliminary results.     

Atropine 0.01% eye drops slow myopia progression: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the effects of atropine 0.01% on slowing myopia progression. METHODS: We searched for relevant studies in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Ovid, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wan Fang Data in Chinese. A supplementary search was conducted in OpenGrey (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe), the ISRCTN registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) from the dates of inception to June 30, 2018. RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1079 subjects were included (505 in the atropine 0.01% group and 574 in the control group). The results showed that the atropine 0.01% group exhibited significantly greater control of axial growth than the control group [MD=-0.12, 95%CI (-0.19, -0.06)]. There was also a statistically significant difference between the atropine 0.01% and control groups in the changes in axial length [MD=-0.14, 95%CI (-0.25, -0.03)], but the quality of evidence was low. There were no significant differences between the atropine 0.01% and control groups in the overall effect with respect to diopter value, change in diopter, distance vision and intraocular pressure [MD=0.08, 95%CI (-0.27, 0.42); MD=0.09, 95%CI (-0.17, 0.36); MD= -0.01, 95%CI (-0.02, 0.00); MD=0.08, 95%CI (-0.56,0.40)]. The sensitivity analysis showed that the conclusion of the Meta-analysis is relatively stable. With respect to adverse events, there were significant differences between the atropine 0.01% and control groups [OR=0.26, 95%CI (0.11, 0.61)]. CONCLUSION: Based on the available evidence, atropine 0.01% eye drops offer benefits in controlling axial growth and safety without causing significant differences in diopter values, distance vision and intraocular pressure.     

Analysis of the rates of emulsification in intraocular silicone oil tamponades of differing viscosities

AIM:To investigate the rates of emulsification in silicone oil(SO)tamponades of differing viscosities used during pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in the treatment of complicated vitreoretinal diseases.METHODS:This study was a prospective randomized clinical trial.Totally 290 cases with greater likelihoods of secondary detachment were included and randomly grouped into either Siluron 2000(n=143)or Siluron 5000(n=147)SO tamponades with 23-gauge PPV.Patient followups and data analyses were conducted 1,3,6,and 12 mo post-surgery.RESULTS:The time of the SO emulsification ranged from 1 to 17 mo,with a mean of 7.3±4.2 mo.The Siluron 5000 group showed a slower emulsification rate in comparison to the Siluron 2000 group.The Siluron 2000 group took a shorter time to show signs of emulsification,necessitating earlier SO removal.However,there were no significant differences in the occurrence of complications,including secondary retinal detachment,cataract,corneal abnormality,high intraocular pressure and hypotony.CONCLUSION:The Siluron 2000 SO tamponade shows a faster rate of emulsification than the Siluron 5000 SO,necessitating earlier removal.Both groups show similar results in terms of anatomical success and visual acuity outcome,and there is no significant difference between the SOs regarding the occurrence of complications.     

Laser therapy versus intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents in monotherapy of ROP:a Meta-analysis

AIM:To compare the efficacy and safety between laser therapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)agents intravitreal injection monotherapy in type-1 retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(APROP).METHODS:A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Embase for original comparable studies.We included studies that compare laser therapy and intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents monotherapy in ROP regardless of languages and publication types.RESULTS:Complication incidence was significantly higher in laser therapy group(OR:0.38;95%CI:0.19-0.75;P=0.005).Spherical equivalent(SE)was higher in laser therapy[weighted mean difference(WMD):2.40,95%CI:0.88-3.93;P=0.002].The time between treatment and retreatment was longer in laser therapy group(WMD:8.45,95%CI:5.35-11.55;P<0.00001).Recurrence incidence(OR:0.97;95%CI:0.45-2.09;P=0.93)and retreatment incidence(OR:1.24;95%CI:0.56-2.73;P=0.59)were similar in two approaches.Subgroup analysis between type-1 ROP and APROP was not significant except SE reported in the included studies(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:This Meta-analysis outcome indicates anti-VEGF agents are as effective as laser treatment,and safer than laser in type-1 ROP and APROP.The degree of myopia in APROP is higher than type-1 ROP.More randomized controlled trials in large sample size should be conducted in the future.     

Hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens on posterior capsule opacification: a Meta-analysis

AIM: To conduct a Meta-analysis pooling randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare hydrophobic with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in terms of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) development. METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were queried from their starting till January 2020. RCTs investigating the impact of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses on PCO were considered eligible in this study. The pooled effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs comprising of 939 patients (1263 eyes) were covered in this study. Patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses had a lower PCO score than those with a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses [standard mean difference: -1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.62 to -0.98; P<0.001]. Moreover, the frequency of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy in patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses was significantly lower than patients with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (relative risk: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.20-0.71; P=0.003). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses are superior to hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in patients after cataract surgery due to lower PCO score and reduced Nd:YAG capsulotomy. While similar studies are conducted by other researchers, the present study conducted subgroup analyses that show superior results with hydrophobic lenses in trials conducted in western countries.     

Visual function and higher order aberration after implantation of aspheric and spherical multifocal intraocular lenses:a meta-analysis

AIM: To assess the visual outcomes of aspheric multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) compared with spherical multifocal IOL after cataract surgery.METHODS:Potential prospective controlled trials that comparing aspheric multifocal IOL implantation with spherical multifocal IOL group were extracted from the computer database. The statistical analysis was carried out using Stata 10 software. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for continuous variables. The pooled estimates were computed in the use of a random-effects model.RESULTS:A systematic review identified five prospective nonrandomized controlled trials, including 178 aspheric multifocal IOL and 164 spherical multifocal IOL. There was no significant difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity (95%CI, -0.248 to 0.152;P=0.641) and uncorrected near visual acuity (95%CI, -0.210 to 0.428;P=0.504) between aspheric multifocal IOL and spherical multifocal IOL. Statistically significant differences were detected less spherical aberration in aspheric multifocal IOL (95%CI, -1.111 to -0.472; P＜0.001) when compared to spherical multifocal IOL. Spherical multifocal IOL showed a greater higher order aberration compared to the aspheric multifocal IOL (95%CI, -1.024 to-0.293; P＜0.001). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results were relatively reliable.CONCLUSION:The overall findings indicated that aspheric multifocal IOL and spherical multifocal IOL provided similar visual acuity at near and distance. Patients implanted with aspheric multifocal IOL had less spherical aberration and higher order aberration than patients with spherical multifocal IOL. Further well-organized, prospective controlled trials involving larger patient numbers are needed.     

SERPING1基因rs2511989多态性与年龄相关性黄斑变性相关性研究的Meta分析

目的:探讨经典通路SERPING1基因rs2511989基因多态性与年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)的相关性.方法:检索中国学术期刊网(CNKI)、PubMed、Cochrane、Embase以及Web of Science数据库,使用随机效应模型,使用OR值及其95％可信区间评价SERPING1 rs2511989基因多态性与AMD易感性的关联程度,同时对入选文献异质性,敏感性以及发表偏倚等进行评估.结果:共纳入15项病例对照研究,收集8657例AMD患者,对照组5393例.各个遗传模型中均未发现SERPING1基因多态性与AMD发病具有相关性.(显性模型:OR=0.960,95％ CI:0.918 ～1.003,P=0.009;隐性模型:OR=0.898,95％ CI:0.791 ～1.019,P=0.035;共显性纯合模型:OR=0.881,95％ CI:0.770 ～1.008,P=0.003;共显性杂合模型:OR=0.962,95％ CI:0.917 ～1.010,P=0.050).但进一步研究发现SERPING1基因多态性与新生血管型AMD显著相关.(显性模型:OR=0.691,95％ CI:0.547～0.872;共显性纯合模型:OR=0.661,95％ CI:0.450 ～0.971;共显性杂合模型:OR=0.754,95％ CI:0.589～0.964).亚组分析未发现种族与国家对rs2511989基因多态性与AMD有影响.结论:通常情况下SERPING1 rs2511989基因多态性与AMD无相关性,但在新生血管类型AMD可能与其存在相关性.期待更多研究来证实该假说.     

[In Press] Changes in intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness during pregnancy: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM: To conduct a Meta-analysis for investigating the variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) during normal pregnancy. METHODS: We searched for clinical trials published up to November 2015 without language or region restrictions in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid, EBSCO, Elsevier, the Chinese Biomedicine Database, WanFang, CNKI, CQVIP and Google Scholar. Studies of the ocular changes observed in pregnant women were selected. The main outcomes were assessed by changes in IOP and CCT. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included. In subgroup analyses, IOP was significantly decreased during the second (MD=-1.53, 95% CI [-2.19, -0.87]; P<0.00001) and third (MD=-2.91, 95% CI [-3.74, -2.08]; P<0.00001) trimesters of pregnancy. CCT was increased during the second (MD=10.12, 95% CI [2.01, 18.22]; P=0.01) trimester of pregnancy; moreover, during the third trimester of pregnancy, the CCT displayed an increasing trend, but the difference was not significant (MD=5.98, 95% CI [-1.11, 13.07]; P=0.1). CONCLUSION: A decrease in IOP was accompanied by an increase in CCT in the second and third trimesters of a normal pregnancy in women.     

加替沙星对比左氧氟沙星治疗细菌性结膜炎疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的  系统评价加替沙星对比左氧氟沙星治疗细菌性结膜炎疗效与安全性。设计 系统综述。研究对象 检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方医药期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、PubMed、Cochrane Library、 Embase。收集加替沙星对比左氧氟沙星治疗细菌性结膜炎的临床随机对照研究（RCT）。方法 根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献,对符合条件的RCT由两位研究者独立进行资料提取和质量评价后,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.3与Stata12.0进行Meta分析。主要指标 治愈率、痊愈率、不良反应。 结果  加替沙星组治愈率（OR＝3.20,95%CI为2.37~4.31,P＜0.00001）与痊愈率（OR＝1.88,95%CI为1.56~2.27,P＜0.00001）较左氧氟沙星组均较高,并能降低总不良反应的发生（OR＝0.47,95%CI为0.27~0.80,P=0.006）。而眼睛刺痛（OR＝0.76,95%CI为0.37~1.57,P=0.46）、眼痒（OR＝0.32,95%CI为0.10~1.00,P=0.05）等不良反应指标在两组中无差异。结论 加替沙星在治疗细菌性结膜炎方面,与左氧氟沙星相比疗效好,不良反应少。     

Interactions among different genetic loci in age-related macular degeneration

Purpose: To evaluate the possible synergistic effect of at risk genotypes of ARMS2/LOC387715 (A69S), DNA repair SMUG1 rs3087404, CCL2–2518, C3 (R102G), CFH Y402H, complement factor B (L9H), and complement factor I (CFI) (G119R) in advanced age-related macular degeneration compared to those of healthy controls. Elucidation of synergistic effects between different genetic loci may clarify their pathogenetic pathways.

Methods: We calculated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S) to estimate the additive or supra-additive effects of the mentioned genotypes.

Results: ARMS2-CFH [RERI = 4.78 (95% CI 2.17–10.61), AP = 0.65 (95% CI 0.33–0.83), S = 4.11 (95% CI 1.40–12.06)], and CFH-C3 combinations [RERI = 2.71 (95% CI 0.04–7.01) AP = 0.47 (95% CI ?0.03–0.7) S = 2.30 (95%CI 0.97–5.45)] have the most significant levels of synergism and C3-CFI combination [RERI = ?1.65 (95%CI ?4.34–0.06), AP = ?0.92(95%CI ?3.09 – ?0.09), S = 0.32 (95%CI 0.09 = 1.20)] has the most significant level of antagonism.

Conclusion: Among different genotype combinations ARMS2-CFH and CFH-C3 combinations have the most significant levels of synergism and C3-CFI combination has the most significant level of antagonism in AMD patients.