线粒体DNA激活cGAS-STING信号通路促进肺部炎性疾病的研究进展

免疫系统由先天性免疫和适应性免疫组成.先天免疫反应作为机体免疫防御的第一道防线,能通过模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)迅速识别入侵体内的病原体及组织或细胞受到损伤、低氧等因素刺激后释放的内源性损伤相关分子模式(damage-associated molecular p...     

Reliability and validity of dyspnea measures in patients with obstructive lung disease

Dyspnea, the clinical term for shortness of breath, is the primary symptom and an important outcome measure in evaluations of patients with lung disease. It is a subjective symptom that has proved difficult to quantify. Many dyspnea measures are available, yet it is difficult, based on the existing literature, to determine the most reliable and valid. In this study, we evaluated 6 measures of dyspnea for reliability and validity: (a) Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) and Transition Dyspnea Index, (b) UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ), (c) American Thoracic Society Dyspnea Scale, (d) Oxygen Cost Diagram, (e) Visual Analog Scale, and (f) Borg Scale. Subjects were 143 patients (74 women and 69 men) with obstructive lung disease, ages 40 to 86, FEV., 0.36 to 3.53 L, FVC 1.07 to 5.74 L. Dyspnea measures were assessed for test-retest reliability, internal consistency, interrater reliability, and construct validity (i.e.. correlations among dyspnea measures and correlations of dyspnea measures with exercise tolerance, health-related quality of life, lung function, anxiety, and depression). Results suggest that the SOBQ and BDI demonstrated the highest levels of reliability and validity among the dyspnea measures examined. This research was supported by University of California Tobacco Related Disease Research Program Grant 2RT026S, National Heart. Lung, and Blood Institute Grant HL 34732 to Robert M. Kaplan, and National Institutes of Health NHLBI Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award No. HL02215 to Andrew L. Ries.     

感染性休克患者CRP/ALB比值对预测急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床价值

目的 探讨感染性休克患者血清C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)比值(CRP/ALB)对预测急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年5月我院ICU感染性休克患者65例.患者于入ICU后采外周静脉血,检测CRP、ALB,前7d每天进行急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-Ⅱ,APACHE-Ⅱ),根据7d内是否合并ARDS分成感染性休克组和ARDS组.比较两组CRP、ALB和CRP/ALB,APACHE Ⅱ评分,Spearman相关分析入选时CRP/ALB、APACHE-Ⅱ评分的关系,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积法检验CRP/ALB的预测效力.结果 感染性休克组与ARDS组患者CRP、ALB含量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而CRP/ALB比值差异具有统计学意义(=5.93,P＜0.05).CRP/ALB和APACHE-Ⅱ预测脓毒症的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.904(95％,CI:0.821 ～0.998),0.748(95％,CI:0.625 ～0.903).CRP/ALB与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.74,P＜0.05).结论 CRP/ALB可预测感染性休克即将发生的ARDS,可能是一个有价值的临床指标,值得进一步研究.     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性期合并肺结核感染的治疗方法及其疗效探讨

目的：探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive lung disease,COPD)急性期合并肺结核感染的治疗方法及其疗效。方法：选取2014年2月至2016年2月我院收治的老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性期合并肺结核感染的患者92例,根据治疗方式随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予COPD对症支持治疗和抗肺结核治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用痰热清,比较两组患者治疗有效率、痰培养阴转率以及肝肾损害情况的差异。结果：治疗组患者治疗后痰培养阴转率(36例,85.71%)与对照组(41例,82.0%)的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者治疗后的症状积分均低于治疗前,且差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后的症状积分(85.62±11.37)低于对照组(91.25±12.38),且差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后痊愈2例(4.76%),显效26例(61.90%),有效10例(23.81%),无效4例(9.52%);对照组治疗后痊愈1例(2.0%),显效17例(34.0%),有效22例(44.0%),无效10例(20.0%);治疗组治疗疗效明显优于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后发生肝肾损害14例,对照组11例,两组患者治疗后肝肾损害发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：在不影响痰培养阴转率和不加重肝肾负担的情况下,老年COPD急性期合并肺结核感染患者接受一般性治疗的同时进行中医治疗,其疗效更为显著。     

Airway microbiota signals anabolic and catabolic remodeling in the transplanted lung

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Outcomes of corticosteroid treatment in critical Ill adult patients with respiratory viruses-related community acquired pneumonia – a propensity-matched case control study

ObjectivesTo assess the outcomes of corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with respiratory virus–related community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Materials/methodsAdult patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and had a polymerase chain reaction–confirmed diagnosis of respiratory virus–related CAP were included. Patients with and without corticosteroid treatment during the hospital course were retrospectively compared using a propensity score–matched case–control analysis.ResultsFrom January 2018 to December 2020, 194 adult patients were enrolled with 1:1 matching. The 14-day and 28-day mortality rates did not differ significantly between patients treated with and without corticosteroids (14-day mortality: 7% versus 14%, P = 0.11; 28-day mortality: 15% versus 20%, P = 0.35). However, multivariate analysis by using a Cox regression model revealed that corticosteroid treatment was an independent factor predicting decreased mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.22–0.97, P = 0.04). Subgroup analysis revealed lower 14-day and 28-day mortality rates in patients younger than 70 years treated with corticosteroids than in those not treated with corticosteroids (14-day mortality: 6% versus 23%; P = 0.01 and 28-day mortality: 12% versus 27%; P = 0.04).ConclusionsNon-elderly patients with severe respiratory virus–related CAP are more likely to benefit from corticosteroid treatment than elderly patients.