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I Ledebo C Ronco R Schindler R Greenwood A Santoro F Valderrábano 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1999,14(9):2101-2105
Question. Answer. Comments by R. Greenwood: Continuously measured parametersQuestion. Answer. Comments by A. Santoro: BiofeedbackQuestion. Answer. Comments by F. Valderrabano: DiscussionReferences 相似文献
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Pregnancy after renal transplantation: points to consider. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Mahboob Lessan-Pezeshki 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2002,17(5):703-707
Bacterial Viral Labour and deliveryConclusionNotesReferences 相似文献
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The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points Adrenocortical disease results in disturbances ofbody water volume and electrolyte concentrations; intra-cellularelectrolyte defects may be severe. Preoperative assessmentis of crucial importance in identifying the endocrine diseaseprocess and the severity of its effects. Preoperative preparationinvolves correction of volume deficit and electrolyte disturbances,and replacement of deficient hormones. Cardiovascular disturbanceand instability are particularly common and invasive cardiovascularmonitoring should be considered. Postoperative mineralocorticoidand glucocorticoid supplementation should be considered in Addison'sdisease and in steroid-induced hypoadrenalism.
Physiology
The adrenal glands lie on the superior aspect of the kidneysand consist of two endocrine organs: the inner adrenal medullaand the outer adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex and medullahave distinct embryological origins. The medullary portion consistsof chromaffin cells derived from the ectodermal cells of theneural crest. The cortex is of mesodermal origin.1 2 The adrenalglands are densely vascularized, the arterial blood supply reaching. . . [Full Text of this Article]Adrenal medullaAdrenal cortexSynthesis and release of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoidsActions of glucocorticoidsRegulation of glucocorticoid activityActions of mineralocorticoidsRegulation of aldosterone secretion
Disorders of adrenocortical function
HyperaldosteronismClinical features and investigationsDiagnosisTreatmentCushing's syndromeClinical features and investigationsScreening testsEstablishing the causeTreatmentAdrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)Clinical features and investigationsDiagnosisTreatmentAcute Addisonian crisisRelative adrenal insufficiency in the critically ill
Anaesthetic management
Conn's syndromeCushing's syndromeAddison's disease 相似文献
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The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.
Key points. . . [Full Text of this Article]
Paediatric LMA
Size selectionCuff filling volumes and pressuresOropharyngeal leak pressuresPositive pressure ventilationLMA removalDifficult airway managementResuscitationTraining issues
Reinforced LMA
Proseal LMA
- Successful placement of any supraglottic airway devicedepends particularly upon pharyngeal tone, and also on the positionof head and neck, shape of the palato-pharyngeal curve, anddepth of anaesthesia.
- LMA cuff volumes should be adjusted tothe minimum needed to achieve airtight seal. The optimal sizeof LMA must be selected rather than overinflating a small LMA.
- TheLMA has been shown to be useful to bypass pathology at supraglotticlevel and facilitate emergency oxygenation and ventilation forthe difficult airway.
- Complications are more likely when usingthe LMA in infants and small children, particularly sizes 1and 1.5.
- A learning curve exists for the use of LMAs in paediatricpractice; early complications are encountered more frequentlythan in adult practice.
- LMA cuff volumes should be adjusted tothe minimum needed to achieve airtight seal. The optimal sizeof LMA must be selected rather than overinflating a small LMA.