癫痫的遗传

一、癫痫的遗传性1951年Lennox研究4,231例癫痫患者的20,000名亲属,发现不管原发或症状性癫痫,家族发病率都高于普通居民,原发性又高于症状性,表明癫痫有遗传性.然而,Alstrom研究897例癫痫患者,发现一级亲属发病率并不高于普通居民.以后不少作者继续肯定癫痫的遗传性.Tsuboi在其综述文章中指出14个国家癫痫在普通居民发病率为0.1%～1.0%.他综合各作者的资料,得出原发性癫痫病人所有亲属有3.4%的人有癫痫,双亲的发病率是3-14%,同胞是4～13%,子女是4～10%,近亲是2～4%,远亲     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

Correlation between human seizure-related gene 6 variants and idiopathic generalized epilepsy in a Southern Chinese Han population

This study sought to analyze the genotype and gene mutations of human seizure-related gene 6 in 98 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (non-febrile seizures), who were selected from three generations of the Chinese Han population living in Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, Wuxi of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangxi Province of Southern China. Twenty-six patients’ parents were available as a first-degree relatives group and 100 biologically unrelated healthy controls were collected as the control group. Based on the age of onset and seizure type, the patients were divided into six subgroups. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA direct sequencing analysis showed that the most frequent mutations c.1249dupC (p.Gly418Argfx31) and c.1636A > G (p.Thr546Ala) were detected in some idiopathic generalized epilepsy patients and their asymptomatic first-degree relatives (30.6% vs. 19.2% and 11.2% vs. 26.9%). A novel mutation c.1807G > A (p.Val603Met) was found in a patient with late-onset idiopathic generalized epilepsy. There was no significant difference in the incidence of these three mutations among the different subgroups of idiopathic generalized epilepsy and controls. Thus, further analysis of a larger population is needed to confirm the assumption that human seizure-related gene 6 is a susceptibility gene for idiopathic generalized epilepsy with various sub-syndromes.     

Febrile seizures are associated with mutation of seizure-related (SEZ) 6, a brain-specific gene

Genetic factors contribute significantly to the etiology of febrile seizures (FS), the most common type of seizures in childhood. However, in most patients with FS, the causative gene is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between human brain-specific gene SEZ-6 and FS. Through amplification of genomic DNA by PCR and sequencing of the resulting products, we screened 75 subjects for mutations in the coding region (17 exons) of the SEZ-6 gene. Fifteen subjects were healthy individuals and 60 subjects had FS. Patients with FS could be divided into sub-groups based on seizure type (42 simple and 18 complex) and family history (41 had a positive family history). All patients have been followed to date to evaluate seizure recurrence and the development of epilepsy. No mutations were found in healthy controls, but 21 of the patients with FS had mutations in SEZ-6, and the most common type of mutation was a heterozygous, cytosine insertion (frame shift mutation) at position 1435 of the cDNA. The mutation incidence was significantly higher in patients with complex FS (vs. simple FS) and in patients with a positive family history. Sixteen of 42 patients with simple FS experienced seizure recurrence during the 1-5-year follow-up period. Fifteen of 18 patients with complex FS also experienced a recurrence during this period. Among these patients with recurrences, five patients with simple FS and six patients with complex FS have developed epilepsy. The mutation incidence among these epileptic patients is 72.7%. The human SEZ-6 gene is related to the occurrence and development of FS and may be a novel candidate gene for epilepsy. Screening for mutations in SEZ-6 may be valuable in predicting FS recurrence or the development of epilepsy.     

Familial occurrence of febrile seizures and epilepsy in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI) patients with SCN1A mutations

PURPOSE: The role of the familial background in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI) has been traditionally emphasized in literature, with 25-70% of the patients having a family history of febrile seizures (FS) or epilepsy. We explored the genetic background of SMEI patients carrying SCN1A mutations to further shed light on the genetics of this disorder. METHODS: We analyzed the occurrence of FS and epilepsy among first- and second-degree relatives (N = 867) of 74 SMEI probands with SCN1A mutations (70 de novo, four inherited) and compared data with age-matched and ethnically matched control families. Familial clustering and syndromic concordance within the affected relatives in both groups were investigated. RESULTS: The frequency of FS or epilepsy in relatives of SMEI patients did not significantly differ from that in controls (FS: 13 of 867 vs. 12 of 674, p = 0.66; epilepsy: 15 of 867 vs. six of 674, p = 0.16). Different forms of epilepsy were identified in both relatives of SMEI probands and controls. Twenty-eight relatives with FS and epilepsy were distributed in 20 (27%) of 74 SMEI families; among the controls, 18 affected relatives were clustered in 13 (18.5%) of 70 families. No pedigree showed several affected members, including the four with inherited mutations. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial epileptic family background is not present in our SMEI patients with SCN1A mutations. These data do not confirm previous observations and would not support polygenic inheritance in SMEI. The investigation of the family background in additional series of SMEI patients will further shed light on the genetics of this syndrome.     

Recent progress in the genetics of human epilepsies

Despite several lines of evidence indicating a strong genetic influence in the etiology of idiopathic epilepsies, progress in the mapping and identification of human epilepsy genes has been limited until recently. In addition to the localisation and/or isolation of several genes causing progressive epilepsies associated with cerebral degeneration, at least seven human genomic regions (6p, 8q, 10q, 15q, 16p, 19q, 20q) are now known to harbour genes implicated in idiopathic epilepsies. In the case of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, mutations in a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene have been identified. Systematic studies of rare epileptic disorders inherited as monogenic Mendelian traits, as well as studies on more complex polygenic idiopathic epilepsies, are still needed in order to identify all the epilepsy genes. This will allow better diagnosis and genetic counseling in families of affected individuals, a better understanding of both the pathophysiology of epilepsies and normal brain functioning, and the design of new pharmacological and genetic therapies. Received: July 21, 1997 / Revised and accepted: August 28, 1997     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.     

家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基基因的遗传特征

目的 探讨家族性婴儿重症肌阵挛癫(癎)(SME)患儿电压门控性钠通道α1亚基(SCNIA)基因的遗传特征.方法 对我院诊断的具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿及其亲属进行临床资料及外周血标本收集,提取DNA,PCR方法扩增SCNIA基因外显子,应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)筛查,对发现"异源峰"者进行测序分析.结果 具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)家族史的SME患儿14例,其中一级亲属具有阳性病史者5例,2例存在SCNIA基因突变,为遗传性突变(c.4284+2T>C和c.1216G>T);二级亲属具有阳性病史者9例,2例存在SCNIA突变,为新生突变.结论 SCN1A基因是SME的重要致病基因,具有相同基因遗传基础的个体可以表型不同.应把一级亲属具有热性惊厥或癫(癎)病史的SME患者作为SCN1A遗传性突变筛查的重点,有助于发现遗传性SME.