WU多瘤病毒与呼吸道合胞病毒感染患儿临床特征比较

目的探讨和比较WU多瘤病毒(WUPyV)以及呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)所致呼吸道感染患儿的临床特征。方法应用多重PCR技术,检测呼吸道感染住院患儿WUPyV、RSV等病毒感染情况,并收集WUPyV和RSV感染患儿的临床资料。结果 2008年1月至2010年9月,在1 701例呼吸道感染住院患儿的咽拭子标本中检测出WUPyV阳性46例(2.7%),RSV阳性365例(21.5%);单纯WUPyV感染为22例(47.8%),单纯RSV感染为88例(24.1%)。RSV感染患儿的合并感染率高于WUPyV感染患儿,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.723,P=0.001)。WUPyV阳性检测率在春季呈现高峰,RSV则在冬季。WUPyV感染患儿的中位年龄为26.2个月,RSV感染患儿为14.9个月,两者差异有统计学意义(U=669.5,P<0.05)。WUPyV感染患儿的临床表现和体征与RSV感染相似,咳嗽(χ2=13.34,P<0.001)和喘息(χ2=10.53,P<0.001)在RSV感染的患儿中更为多见。WUPyV感染后主要被诊断为支气管肺炎,而RSV感染后主要为毛细支气管炎。单纯RSV感染患儿更多需要激素治疗(χ2=9.321 P=0.002)。结论部分患儿呼吸道感染与WUPyV感染有关,WUPyV感染的临床特征与RSV感染类似。     

急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿多瘤病毒检测及临床研究

目的了解多瘤病毒WU(WUPyV)和多瘤病毒KI(KIPyV)在急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿中的感染现状及特征。方法收集2007年9月至2008年3月长沙地区773份急性下呼吸道感染住院儿童鼻咽抽吸物样本,采用巢式聚合酶链反应(nested PCR)扩增方法进行WUPyV和KIPyV基因检测,并将PCR阳性产物测序,将所测序列在GenBank中进行比较分析。结果 773例样本中,多瘤病毒阳性53例(6.8%),其中WUPyV 39例(5.0%),KIPyV14例(1.8%)。所测得的核苷酸序列与GeneBank中已知的WUPyV与KIPyV序列同源性分别在93%～100%、95%～100%。结论 WUPyV和KIPyV可能是儿童急性下呼吸道感染中较重要病原之一,且与其他病毒引起的儿童下呼吸道感染存在相关性。     

人博卡病毒与儿童呼吸道感染和腹泻病临床相关性的前瞻性病例对照研究

目的 通过前瞻性的病例对照研究探讨人博卡病毒(human bocavirus,HBOV)对于儿童急性呼吸道感染以及腹泻病的临床致病意义.方法 2008年10至12月,我们采集了436份急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿和150份术后患儿的鼻咽分泌物标本.同期,收集220例因急性腹泻在我院门诊就诊的患儿和200例无腹泻症状儿童的粪便标本.HBOV检测采用荧光定量多聚酶链反应方法.结果 HBOV在436份呼吸道感染患儿的鼻咽分泌物中阳性检出率10.3%(45/436),而无呼吸道感染儿童的鼻咽分泌物标本中阳性率仅0.7%(1/150),2组HBOV检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=14.356,P<0.001).HBOV与其他呼吸道病毒及肺炎支原体混合感染率为44.7%(20/45).呼吸道HBOV感染患儿的年龄为1.3～72个月[平均(18.3±13.6)个月].HBOV在腹泻组粪便中检出率为2.7%(6/220),在无腹泻症状组粪便中检出率为2%(4/200),2组HBOV阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).6例HBOV阳性的腹泻患儿中,5例同时合并轮状病毒感染.粪便中HBOV阳性的患儿都在4岁以下.结论 HBOV呼吸道感染通常见于婴幼儿.本研究支持HBOV与儿童时期的急性下呼吸道感染有关,但是HBOV对儿童腹泻的致病性未能确定.     

重庆地区急性呼吸道感染儿童人鼻病毒检测分析

目的 了解2006-2007年重庆地区急性呼吸道感染住院儿童人鼻病毒(HRV)的检出情况、感染特点及流行规律.方法 收集2006年4月-2007年3月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科住院的部分急性呼吸道感染患儿的鼻咽深部吸取物390份,离心后当日提取呼吸道标本RNA,应用针对HRV 5'端非编码区保守序列设计引物,采用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测标本中的HRV基因组RNA.随机抽取5例RT-PCR鉴定HRV阳性的PCR产物进行序列测定,以验证PCR检测的特异性.对HRV阳性病例总结其感染特点及临床特征.结果 390例标本中HRV阳性61例,阳性率为15.6%.RT-PCR检测5例HRV阳性的PCR产物行序列测定经Genbank比对均证实为HRV.HRV阳性患儿中,≤2岁49例,2～5岁10例,5岁以上2例.HRV感染几乎全年散发,2006年12月HRV检测阳性率最高,达29.5%.重庆地区HRV感染无明显高发季节.HRV感染患儿的临床表现主要为咳嗽(96.8%)、气促(61.5%)、喘息(56.5%)、发热(35.5%).临床诊断依次为支气管肺炎20例(32.8%),间质性肺炎15例(24.6%),毛细支气管炎12例(19.7%),重症肺炎8例(13.1%),支气管哮喘4例(6.5%),喘息性支气管炎2例(3.3%).8例重症肺炎中先天性心脏病2例,中度营养不良1例,且均在2岁以内.平均住院天数7.5 d.61例HRV阳性患儿中,53例进行痰培养,40例提示细菌感染,13例正常.结论 HRV是重庆地区婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染较为常见的病毒病原,其流行无明显季节特点.HRV和喘息之间可能存在密切关系,HRV感染在有心肺基础疾病的儿童中有重症倾向.     

急性呼吸道感染住院儿童人类博卡病毒感染的临床特征

目的 了解西安地区以急性呼吸道感染住院患儿的人类博卡病毒(HBoV)感染的临床特征.方法 将2008年1月-12月以急性呼吸道感染住院患儿的咽拭及痰液标本252例分成2份,1份应用直接免疫荧光法检测RSV,甲、乙型流感病毒,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型副流感病毒和腺病毒常见的7种呼吸道病毒;另1份用于提取HBoV DNA,分析HBoV感染的临床特点及流行病学特征.随机抽取1份HBoV DNA阳性扩增产物进行序列测定,并通过Clustal W软件与GenBank中其他HBoV序列进行多序列比对分析.结果 252份标本共检测到15份(6.0%)HBoV PCR阳性扩增产物.HBoV感染全年均有发生,冬春季多发;73.3%HBoV感染患儿的年龄为6个月至3岁;53.3%的患儿诊断为支气管肺炎(包括毛细支气管炎);53.3%患儿合并有其他呼吸道病毒的感染.HBoV单独感染与合并其他呼吸道病毒感染在临床特征方面无明显差别.HBoV NS1测序的291 bp与GenBank中2个原型株HBoV Stockholm 1(stl,No.DQ00495)、HBoY Stockholm2(st2,No.DQ00496)和北京的2株(No.DQ988934.2及No.DQ988933.1)的同源性为99.0%.结论 HBoV在15例以急性呼吸道感染住院患儿的咽拭及痰液标本中检出,HBoV感染以下呼吸道感染为著,与其他呼吸道病毒有较高的合并感染,HBoV单独感染与合并其他呼吸道病毒感染在临床特征方面无明显差别.     

儿童呼吸道人类偏肺病毒呼吸道合胞病毒和流感病毒感染的临床特征比较

目的 了解人类偏肺病毒(hMPV)在苏州地区儿童呼吸道感粢中的感染情况;比较hMPV、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和流感病毒(Inf)引起呼吸道感染的临床特征.方法 选取2005年11月至2006年10月苏州大学附属儿童医院呼吸科1932例急性呼吸道感染住院患儿.采用无茵负压吸引法采集新鲜痰液.直接免疫荧光法检测RSV,腺病毒,Inf A、B型,副流感病毒1、2、3型等7种常见呼吸道病毒;同时用逆转录.聚合酶链反应法(RTPCR)检测hMPV N基因,随机挑选部分阳性PCR扩增产物进行核苷酸测定并将所测序列进行比较分析.结果 1932例标本中hMPV阳性例数为128例(6.6%),其中hMPV合并其他呼吸道病毒感染5例(3.9%);hMPV检测阳性率在冬季呈现高峰;hMPV感染患儿的平均年龄为22.17月龄,较RSV和Inf感染患儿大;hMPV感染者临床特征与RSV和Inf感染相似,喘息在RSV和hMPV感染患儿中更为多见,发热则更多见于hMPV和Inf感染患儿.RSV感染后所致的首要疾病是毛细支气管炎,hMPV和Inf感染后所致的首要疾病是肺炎.单纯hMPV与hMPV合并其他呼吸道病毒感染临床表现差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 苏州地区部分儿童的呼吸道感染与hMPV有关;hMPV感染临床特征无特异性;hMPV在合并其他呼吸道病毒感染时并不加重病情.     

急性下呼吸道感染患儿病毒病原学及其临床特征

目的 了解急件下呼吸道感染(ALRI)住院患儿病毒感染情况及其临床特征.方法 收集2004-2006年冬季(11月至次年2月)因ALRI在北京儿童医院住院治疗的＜5岁患儿鼻咽吸出物333份.男230例,女103例;年龄1个月～4.8岁.采用PCR技术和病毒分离方法对鼻咽吸出物进行呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(AdV)、副流感病毒(PIV)1～4型、鼻病毒(RhV)、人偏肺病毒(hMPV)、冠状病毒(HCoV)及人博卡病毒(HBoV)检测.采用人喉上皮癌细胞和非洲猴肾细胞对鼻咽吸出物进行病毒分离,对阳性结果进行序列测定和鉴定.结果 ALRI 333例患儿中,病毒检测阳性123份(36.94%),其中RSV阳性102例,AdV、HBoV阳性各16例,RhV阳性1例,其中12例为双重阳性.未检测到PIV、hMPV及HCoV.333份鼻回吸出物中病毒分离得剑11株病毒株.经PCR扩增及序列测定证实均为AdV,包括AdV1型2株,AdV2型、AdV3型、AdV7型各3株.肺炎患儿病毒阳性检出率为30.35%,毛细支气管炎患儿病毒阳性检出率为62.50%,急性支气管炎患儿病毒阳性检出率为23.08%,毛细支气管炎患儿病毒阳性检出率高于肺炎和急性支气管炎患儿(χ2=24.75,19.66 Pa＜0.01).结论 RSV感染在北京儿章医院2004-2006年冬季ALRI住院患儿中占首位;感染的AdV血清型包括AdV 1型、AdV 2型、AdV 3型及AdV 7型;HBoV可能是ALRI的重要病原.毛细支气管炎患儿病毒感染检出率最高.     

儿科重症监护病房患儿的病毒病原监测及其临床意义

目的 探讨儿科重症监护病房患儿的病毒病原谱特点及其临床意义.方法 收集汕头大学医学院第二附属医院儿科重症监护病房患儿的咽拭子标本349份,同时收集该349例病例中因发热抽搐而需行腰椎穿刺术的患儿脑脊液标本130份,选取社区健康体检儿童87份咽拭子作为健康对照组.应用多重PCR技术,对咽拭子和脑脊液标本进行16种呼吸道病毒检测,同时应用荧光实时PCR技术,对脑脊液标本检测13种脑炎相关病毒,并对阳性病例的临床资料进行分析.结果 349份咽拭子标本中,病毒阳性209例(59.9％),其中鼻病毒117例,呼吸道合胞病毒60例,流感病毒A 20例,腺病毒10例,副流感病毒-3 6例,博卡病毒6例,流感病毒C5例,副流感病毒4 4例,冠状病毒HJYl/OC43 4例,流感病毒B3例,WU多瘤病毒3例,副流感病毒-l 2例,偏肺病毒2例,冠状病毒NL63/229E l例.87名健康儿童呼吸道病毒检测均为阴性.130例留取脑脊液标本的病例中,最后诊断为病毒性脑炎58例,病毒阳性22例(37.9％),其中肠道病毒通用型14例,巨细胞病毒3例,腮腺炎病毒2例,柯萨奇A16型l例,单纯疱疹病毒1例,鼻病毒1例.349例入选病例中,咽拭子和脑脊液病毒检测总阳性率为63.3％ (221/349).同一患儿检测到病毒混合感染45例(12.9％),占所有病毒阳性病例的20.4％.混合感染率最高为WU多瘤病毒(100％,3/3)和人偏肺病毒(100％,2/2).病毒阳性病例中,年龄＜6个月病毒感染率最高(72.2％),男性(148例)明显多于女性(73例).病毒阳性组中非危重病例少于病毒阴性组,而极危重病例则多于阴性组.结论 病毒是儿童重症感染性疾病的重要病原体,病毒感染可能导致病情加重,全面监测儿科重症监护病房病毒病原谱,对于提高感染性疾病诊断的准确性及治疗的针对性具有重要的临床意义.     

人类博卡病毒感染所致细支气管炎的临床特点

目的探讨人类博卡病毒(HBoV)所致细支气管炎的临床特点。方法收集因细支气管炎于2007年6月-2008年5月住院治疗的271例患儿的呼吸道标本(鼻咽分泌物或咽拭子),应用多重PCR技术检测其HBoV,呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV),腺病毒(ADV),鼻病毒(RhV),流感病毒A、B型(FluA、FluB),副流感病毒1、3型(PIV1、PIV3),人类偏肺病毒(hMPV)9种病毒。随机选取RSV感染阳性患儿28例作为对照组。分析HBoV感染组与对照组患儿的临床特点。结果271例标本中,病毒阳性标本163例(60.1%)。其中HBoV阳性21例(12.9%),RSV阳性61例(37.4%);HBoV并其他病毒感染8例(38.1%),与RSV、FluA合并感染各3例,与ADV、RhV合并感染各2例,与hMPV合并感染1例。HBoV感染组与对照组患儿临床资料除在流行季节上有差异外,在性别、发病年龄、临床症状、肺部体征、辅助检查、住院天数、病情严重程度方面比较均无差异。结论HBoV是小儿细支气管炎的另一重要病原体,与RSV感染者在临床表现上无明显差异。HBoV细支气管炎的临床症状较轻,呼吸功能均属于轻中度受损,且以轻度为...     

急性呼吸道感染患儿肠道病毒的逆转录聚合酶链反应检测及临床分析

目的　探讨急性呼吸道感染 (ARI)患儿的肠道病毒 (EV)感染情况。方法　取 2 0 0 2年 2～ 11月住院的10 0例ARI患儿的鼻咽深部分泌物 ,用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)法检测EV ,并用间接免疫荧光法及病毒分离检测 7种常见呼吸道病毒。结果　 10 0例患儿中EVRT PCR阳性 4 6例 ,占 4 6 % ,其中 3岁以下婴幼儿 34例 ,占73 9% (34/ 46 ) ;2月、5月、6月、7月及 9月EV阳性率较高 ,为 5 0 %～ 10 0 % ,8月和 10月EV阳性率分别为 4 0 0 %和 4 1 7% ,11月EV阳性率相对较低 ,为 17 6 % ;EV阳性患儿中 ,5例合并呼吸道合胞病毒感染 ,1例合并副流感病毒 3型感染 ,这 6例均为冬季 (2月和 11月 )住院的患儿。单纯EV阳性患儿中 85 0 % (34/ 40 )伴有腹泻 ,EV阴性者中 4 0 7% (2 2 / 5 4 )伴有腹泻 ,差异有显著性 ,但 1～ 6个月小婴儿单纯EV阳性者与EV阴性者伴腹泻的比例差异无显著性。结论　EV是儿童ARI不可忽视的病原之一 ,其中婴幼儿EV感染占多数 ;夏秋季EV感染率较高 ,冬季EV常与其他呼吸道病毒混合感染 ;EV感染时较易出现腹泻 ,6个月以上儿童伴有腹泻为EV感染的特点之一。     

90例儿童人博卡病毒感染临床分析

目的：探讨儿童人博卡病毒（HBoV）感染的临床特征。方法：采集843例下呼吸道感染患儿鼻、咽拭子标本,用多重RT-PCR方法检测HBoV和其他6种常见呼吸道病毒,分析HBoV阳性病例临床特征。结果：843例标本中检测出HBoV阳性90例（10.7%）,呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）131例（15.5%）,流感病毒（IFV）117例（13.9%）,副流感病毒(PIV)84例（10.0%）,鼻病毒(RV)55例（6.5%）,冠状病毒(OC43)48例（5.7%）,人类偏肺病毒(HMPV)33例（3.7%）。HBoV合并其他呼吸道感染者45例（50%）,其中HBoV合并１种其他病毒感染者33例（37％）,合并2种其他病毒感染者11例（12％）,合并3种其他病毒感染者1例（1％）。伴喘息的患儿HBoV检出率高于不伴喘息的患儿（17.0% vs 9.2%,P<0.01）。HBoV阳性患儿常见的临床表现为频咳、喘息和发热。HBoV阳性组与RSV阳性组中喘息发生的构成比差异无统计学意义。结论：伴喘息发作的下呼吸道感染患儿中,HboV阳性检出率明显高于不伴喘息发作患儿,提示HBoV可能是除RSV外另一种引起儿童喘息的呼吸道病毒。HBoV与其他呼吸道病毒存在着混合感染。     

�����º�������ȾסԺ��������������⼰�ٴ��о�

??Objective??In order to understand the epidemiological and virologic characteristics of WU Polyomaviruses ??WUPyV?? and KI Polyomaviruses ??KIPyV?? infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection ??ARTI?? in Changsha. Methods??A total of773 nasopharyngeal aspirates ??NPA?? specimens were collected from hospitalized children with ARTI between September 2007 and March 2008 inChangsha. Specimens were screened for WUPyV and KIPyV by nested polymerase chain reaction. All positive amplification products were confirmedby sequencing and compared with those in GenBank. Results??Polyomaviruses were detected in 53 patients ??6.8%?? out of the 773 children ??WUPyV was 5.0%??KIPyV was 1.8%??. The patients were from 20 days to 5 years. Similarity of WUPyV and KIPyV with those published in the GenBank at nucleotide levels was 93%??100% and 95%??100%?? respectively. Conclusion??WUPyV and KIPyV may be important pathogens in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection and associated with lower respiratory diseases.     

天津地区KI和WU多瘤病毒在儿童急性呼吸道感染中的分子流行病学研究

目的了解KI和WU多瘤病毒(KIPy V和WUPy V)与天津地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的关系。方法采用PCR扩增方法对2011年1月至2013年12月收集的3 730份来自天津地区的急性呼吸道感染患儿鼻咽分泌物标本进行KIPy V和WUPy V基因检测,同时所有标本均用直接免疫荧光法检测7种常见呼吸道病毒。选取部分KIPy V和WUPy V PCR阳性产物进行测序,利用测序序列与已知序列比对并绘制进化树。再从中选取两株KIPy V VP1基因克隆到T载体上,进行序列测定和分析,并将核苷酸序列提交Gen Bank。结果 3 730份标本中,KIPy V阳性检出453份(12.14%),WUPy V阳性检出63份(1.69%)。KIPy V平均感染率在6~7月明显偏高,WUPy V平均感染率在2~3月达到一个小高峰。两种多瘤病毒感染的阳性患儿年龄主要集中在3岁以内。KIPy V和WUPy V与其他7种呼吸道病毒存在混合感染,混合感染率为2.31%(86/3 730);WUPy V和KIPy V混合感染9份。选取的35份KIPy V阳性PCR产物序列与Gen Bank已公布的KIPy V序列的同源性在94%~100%之间;选取的12份WUPy V阳性PCR产物序列与Gen Bank已公布的WUPy V序列的同源性在95%~100%之间。两株KIPy V VP1基因序列已被Gen Bank收录,登录号为KY465925和KY465926。结论天津地区部分儿童的急性呼吸道感染可能与WUPy V和KIPy V感染相关。KIPy V感染多发于夏季,WUPy V感染多发于春季。KIPy V和WUPy V与国内外流行株间差异较小,基因组相对稳定。     

Clinical characteristics of human bocavirus infections compared with other respiratory viruses in Spanish children

BACKGROUND: Human bocavirus (HBoV) can be found in a substantial proportion of children with respiratory tract diseases. The relative importance of HBoV in viral respiratory tract illnesses is not yet well known. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we looked for HBoV in pediatric patients to determine the incidence of HBoV as single infection and compared it with other commonly found respiratory viruses to describe the clinical differences associated with HBoV infections in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on children less than 14 years old, admitted with respiratory infection from September 2005 to August 2007 to the Pediatrics Department of the Severo Ochoa Hospital, Madrid, Spain. We studied the frequency of HBoV and 15 other respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates and compared the clinical course of the infections caused by HBoV with those caused by other common respiratory viruses. RESULTS: Positive results were confirmed in 435 (61.2%) of the 710 children studied. A single virus was detected in 308 patients. HBoV was found in 99 (13.9%) samples, but it was recovered as a single virus in only 35. Most of patients with HBoV infection (75%) were aged < or =26 months. The most common clinical diagnosis was recurrent wheezing (53%), followed by bronchiolitis (32%). Clinical differences were observed between HBoV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections (children were older and bronchiolitis less frequent), adenovirus (fever less frequent in HBoV group), and rhinovirus-associated infections (less hypoxia in HBoV group). CONCLUSIONS: HBoV was the fourth most frequent single virus after RSV, rhinovirus, and adenovirus in children hospitalized because of respiratory infection. It was associated with recurrent wheezing and bronchiolitis showing a different clinical course from other virus in terms of diagnosis, fever, and age.     

Outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection in norwegian children

INTRODUCTION: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was recently discovered in children with acute respiratory tract infection. We have studied the occurrence of hMPV and report clinical findings of 50 hMPV-infected children who were hospitalized during an outbreak in Norway. METHODS AND POPULATION: During 5 months from November 15, 2002 to April 14, 2003 we collected nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from 236 children admitted because of respiratory tract infection (RTI). Samples were analyzed for influenza virus A/B, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3 and respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence assays and cell culture. Rhinovirus, adenovirus and hMPV were identified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Human metapneumovirus was identified in 50 of 236 children (21%). Most (41 of 50) hMPV-infected children were hospitalized between November 15 and January 15, and during these 2 months hMPV was the most common isolate (41 of 72 isolates; 57%). Respiratory syncytial virus was identified in 36 children (15%), among whom 34 were admitted after the hMPV outbreak.The median age of hMPV-infected children was 12 months (range, 1 to 115 months), and one-half of the children had an underlying chronic disease. The most common symptoms were fever (86%), cough (90%), dyspnea (80%), wheezing (56%), rhinorrhea (44%), anorexia (48%) and vomiting (36%). Eight (16%) had an upper respiratory tract infection (rhinopharyngitis, n = 6; laryngitis, n = 2), 24 (48%) had bronchiolitis and 17 (34%) had pneumonia. Two-thirds with a lower RTI also had signs of upper RTI. Fourteen (28%) children needed supplemental oxygen, 1 was treated with continuous positive airway pressure and 2 were ventilated mechanically. CONCLUSION: Human metapneumovirus was the most common virus isolate during the winter season 2002 to 2003 in children hospitalized for respiratory tract infection. Upper respiratory tract infections and mild to severe bronchiolitis were most common, but a relatively high proportion of hospitalized children developed severe pneumonia.     

Clinical manifestations of respiratory tract infections due to respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses in hospitalized children

From September 1984 to May 1986, nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained from 519 children with some form of respiratory tract infection. The nasal secretions were screened for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3, influenza virus types A and B, and enteroviruses by tissue culture virus isolation technique and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A uniform questionnaire gave information about age, sex, individual signs and symptoms, findings of the physical examination and clinical diagnosis of the patients. RSV was detected in 119 (23%) specimens and was thus the most frequent causative agent of respiratory infections. After RSV, rhinoviruses were the most frequently recovered pathogens accounting for 60 (12%) cases of acute respiratory disease. A comparison of the individual signs and symptoms, the findings of the physical examination and the clinical diagnosis of RSV and rhinovirus infected children revealed that there was no characteristic clinical pattern associated with either of the two viral respiratory pathogens. According to our results, rhinovirus infections were a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children less than or equal to 3 years old.     

Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Tract Infections due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinoviruses in Hospitalized Children

ABSTRACT. From September 1984 to May 1986, nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained from 519 children with some form of respiratory tract infection. The nasal secretions were screened for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2,3, influenza virus types A and B, and enteroviruses by tissue culture virus isolation technique and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A uniform questionnaire gave information about age, sex, individual signs and symptoms, findings of the physical examination and clinical diagnosis of the patients. RSV was detected in 119 (23%) specimens and was thus the most frequent causative agent of respiratory infections. After RSV, rhinoviruses were the most frequently recovered pathogens accounting for 60 (12%) cases of acute respiratory disease. A comparison of the individual signs and symptoms, the findings of the physical examination and the clinical diagnosis of RSV and rhinovirus infected children revealed that there was no characteristic clinical pattern associated with either of the two viral respiratory pathogens. According to our results, rhinovirus infections were a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children ≤3 years old.     

Subtelomeric FISH analysis in 76 patients with syndromic developmental delay/intellectual disability

Background

Childhood asthma in the Caribbean is advancing in prevalence and morbidity. Though viral respiratory tract infections are reported triggers for exacerbations, information on these infections with asthma is sparse in Caribbean territories. We examined the distribution of respiratory viruses and their association with seasons in acute and stable asthmatic children in Trinidad.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study of 70 wheezing children attending the emergency department for nebulisation and 80 stable control subjects (2 to 16 yr of age) in the asthma clinic, nasal specimens were collected during the dry (n = 38, January to May) and rainy (n = 112, June to December) seasons. A multitarget, sensitive, specific high-throughput Respiratory MultiCode assay tested for respiratory-virus sequences for eight distinct groups: human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, metapneumovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, and enterovirus.

Results

Wheezing children had a higher [χ² = 5.561, p = 0.018] prevalence of respiratory viruses compared with stabilized asthmatics (34.3% (24) versus (vs.) 17.5% (14)). Acute asthmatics were thrice as likely to be infected with a respiratory virus (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2 – 5.3). The predominant pathogens detected in acute versus stable asthmatics were the rhinovirus (RV) (n = 18, 25.7% vs. n = 7, 8.8%; p = 0.005), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSV B) (n = 2, 2.9% vs. n = 4, 5.0%), and enterovirus (n = 1, 1.4% vs. n = 2, 2.5%). Strong odds for rhinoviral infection were observed among nebulised children compared with stable asthmatics (p = 0.005, OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.4 – 9.3,). RV was prevalent throughout the year (Dry, n = 6, 15.8%; Rainy, n = 19, 17.0%) and without seasonal association [χ² = 0.028, p = 0.867]. However it was the most frequently detected virus [Dry = 6/10, (60.0%); Rainy = 19/28, (67.9%)] in both seasons.

Conclusion

Emergent wheezing illnesses during childhood can be linked to infection with rhinovirus in Trinidad's tropical environment. Viral-induced exacerbations of asthma are independent of seasons in this tropical climate. Further clinical and virology investigations are recommended on the role of infections with the rhinovirus in Caribbean childhood wheeze.