超声引导联合CT监视在特殊部位肝癌射频治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导联合CT监视在特殊部位肝癌射频治疗中的应用价值。方法采用超声引导联合CT监视经皮射频治疗45例(75个病灶)特殊部位肝癌患者。统计消融术中、术后的并发症情况。1个月后复查CT、MRI资料,观察病灶的消融情况。结果消融术中无严重并发症,15例(33.3%)术后出现一过性发热;16例(35.6%)出现腹痛;3例顽固性咯呃逆;6例(13.3%)出现恶心。射频治疗后1个月随访显示,邻近膈肌13个病灶,其中病灶完全消融12个(92.31%);邻近胆囊8个病灶,完全消融6个(75%);邻近肠管5个病灶,完全消融5个(100%);邻近大血管9个病灶,其中病灶完全消融8个(88.89%),邻近胆管14个,其中病灶完全消融13个(92.86%)。45例患者仅1例靠近胆囊患者出现肝内肿瘤新生,无一例出现肝外转移。结论超声引导联合CT监视射频治疗特殊部位肝癌疗效满意,并发症发生率低,值得临床推广。     

The Value of Radiofrequency Ablation in the Special Sites of the Liver Cancer by Combining Ultrasound Guided with CT Monitoring

目的 探讨超声引导联合CT监视在特殊部位肝癌射频治疗中的应用价值.方法 采用超声引导联合CT监视经皮射频治疗45例(75个病灶)特殊部位肝癌患者.统计消融术中、术后的并发症情况.1个月后复查CT、MRI资料,观察病灶的消融情况.结果 消融术中无严重并发症,15例(33.3％)术后出现一过性发热;16例(35.6％)出现腹痛;3例顽固性咯呃逆;6例(13.3％)出现恶心.射频治疗后1个月随访显示,邻近膈肌13个病灶,其中病灶完全消融12个(92.31％);邻近胆囊8个病灶,完全消融6个(75％);邻近肠管5个病灶,完全消融5个(100％);邻近大血管9个病灶,其中病灶完全消融8个(88.89％),邻近胆管14个,其中病灶完全消融13个(92.86％).45例患者仅1例靠近胆囊患者出现肝内肿瘤新生,无一例出现肝外转移.结论 超声引导联合CT监视射频治疗特殊部位肝癌疗效满意,并发症发生率低,值得临床推广.     

局限性人工腹水在临近胃肠管肝肿瘤消融中的应用

目的探讨CT引导下局限性人工腹水辅助在经皮微波消融治疗临近肠管肝肿瘤的有效性和安全性。 方法我院2015年至2019年中对48例临近肠管肝肿瘤病灶行CT引导下人工腹水辅助下微波消融术。对局限性人工腹水技术成功率、微波消融局部复发率、手术并发症等进行评估。 结果48例患者中47例成功行局限性人工腹水,28例患者之前有外科手术史,1例因局部粘连未能成功行局限人工腹水。47例患者均成功行微波消融术,1例术后腹腔少量出血,术后1月复查均完全消融。 结论局限性人工腹水辅助微波消融治疗临近胃肠道肝肿瘤病灶是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

微波消融联合人工腹水治疗临近膈肌肝癌临床研究

目的探讨超声引导下经皮微波消融(MWA)联合人工腹水治疗临近膈肌(肿瘤距膈肌最短距离≤0.5cm)肝癌的有效性和安全性。方法收集我院2012年7月~2014年12月行MWA治疗的肝癌患者共129例(157个灶),临近膈肌患者47例(63灶)为观察组,97.9%(46/47)患者均行人工腹水下MWA治疗,远离膈肌(肿瘤距膈肌最短距离≥1cm)肝癌患者82例(94灶)为对照组。术后比较两组肿瘤完全消融率、局部肿瘤进展率及并发症发生率。结果术后1个月增强CT/MRI或超声造影(CEUS)显示观察组及对照组均完全坏死,完全消融率为100%。观察组及对照组局部肿瘤进展率分别为4.8%(3/63)、3.2%(3/94)(P=0.61)。术后1~2天观察组出现右侧少量胸腔积液、右肩部疼痛、恶心呕吐明显高于对照组,观察组3例患者行置管引流,但均在1周内恢复正常,均未出现肝脓肿、血胸、气胸等严重并发症。结论人工腹水下消融治疗临近膈肌肝癌与一般的经皮消融治疗相比,是一种安全、准确、有效的治疗方法。     

呼吸针控联合病灶最大面积投影用于CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺近膈肝肿瘤微波消融术

【摘要】 目的 探讨“呼吸针控”联合“病灶最大面积投影”用于CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺近膈肝肿瘤微波消融术（MWA）的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺近膈肝肿瘤行MWA术的53例患者,对其中29例（研究组）在CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺MWA中采用“呼吸针控”消除呼吸运动对穿刺的影响,联合“病灶最大面积投影”准确规划进针路径、预测消融范围;24例（对照组）行常规CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺MWA。比较两组术中穿刺次数、并发症及消融病灶的近期疗效。 结果 研究组术中穿刺次数少于对照组[（1.1±0.3）次 vs（3.1±0.9=）次],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者术后并发症表现为气胸、肝包膜下出血、膈肌损伤（主要表现为术中和/或术后肩背部疼痛）;研究组气胸、肝包膜下出血、膈肌损伤发生率均低于对照组[（6.9%（2/29）、10.3%（3/29）、0%（0/29））比54.2%（13/24）、37.5%（9/24）、33.3%（8/24）],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。研究组术后6个月内肝肿瘤完全消融率明显高于对照组[93.1%（27/29）比70.8%（17/24）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 “呼吸针控”联合“病灶最大面积投影”可提高CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺近膈肝肿瘤微波消融术的完全消融率,减少并发症,值得推广。     

超声引导下经皮微波消融与冷冻消融治疗高风险部位肝癌的对照研究

目的：比较超声引导下经皮微波消融与冷冻消融治疗高风险部位肝癌的临床结局及术后并发症,并分析影响预后和术后复发的因素。 方法：选取2014年4月至2018年3月广州复大肿瘤医院收治的120例高风险部位肝癌患者,其中64例接受微波消融治疗（微波组）,56例接受冷冻消融治疗（冷冻组）。比较两组的治疗结局,主要包括生存、复发及术后并发症。用Cox回归模型分析预后和术后复发的影响因素。 结果：微波消融组1、3、5年总生存率分别为85.8%、63.5%、63.5%,冷冻消融组为92.0%、87.4%、74.9%,两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.141）。微波消融组1、3、5年无复发生存率分别为77.8%、49.0%、49.0%,冷冻消融组分别为81.4%、58.5%、46.8%,两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.469）。微波消融组的3、6、9、12个月的局部进展率分别为3.1%、6.3%、9.4%、15.9%,高于冷冻消融组（分别为0%、0%、3.7%、19.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.003）。微波组的主要和次要并发症发生率（分别为6.3%、82.8%）均高于冷冻组（分别为0%、32.1%）,差异有统计学意义。年龄≥65岁,直径3~5 cm及Child-Pugh分级B级是肝癌术后预后较差的危险因素;直径3~5 cm、多个肿瘤以及多次消融是消融术后复发的危险因素。 结论：冷冻消融治疗高风险部位的肝癌具有与微波消融接近的生存结局,但具有更好的局部肿瘤控制率及更少的并发症,适合在临床中推广应用。     

超声引导下微波消融治疗压迫性甲状腺实性良性结节的近期疗效观察

目的探讨经超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗压迫性甲状腺实性良性结节的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年1月～2018年1月经穿刺活检证实为甲状腺实性良性结节的患者146例(最大直径均≥3cm),共163个病灶,所有患者均在超声引导下接受微波消融治疗,定期随访并记录术后的症状评分、美容评分及体积缩小率、甲状腺功能,观察术后并发症及残留情况。结果 146例共163个结节均成功完成微波消融治疗术。术后患者的症状评分、美容评分均显著下降,体积缩小率逐渐升高。术前与术后甲状腺功能指标无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后仅有1例出现疼痛,并于1周后出现声音嘶哑,未经特殊处理症状好转并恢复正常。结论超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗压迫性甲状腺实性良性结节的近期疗效确切,安全性高、并发症少、症状问题得到明显改善,值得在临床应用中推广。     

超声引导下经皮肝穿刺活检术并发症分析

目的总结超声引导下经皮肝穿刺术的并发症发生情况,以吸取经验、教训。方法回顾性分析900例超声引导下经皮肝穿刺术,总结并发症发生的原因及预防处理措施。结果 900例经皮肝穿刺术患者,并发症总发生率为2.78%,以出血、严重疼痛、血管迷走神经损伤、气胸、肿瘤种植为主要并发症,除1例出血患者死亡,1例肿瘤种植患者经手术治疗外,其余并发症均予对症处理后恢复正常。结论超声引导下经皮肝穿刺术并发症较少,掌握适应证和禁忌证,严格执行操作规程,术后密切观察,及时果断处理可预防和减少并发症的发生。     

全麻下CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融治疗肝内特殊部位的恶性肿瘤

目的 评价在CT引导下进行经皮穿刺射频消融(RFA)治疗肝内一些特殊部位的恶性肿瘤的可行性及临床价值.方法 18例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者,共有26枚肿瘤,分别位于膈下、肝门部、肝包膜下、下腔静脉旁、胆囊旁以及结肠旁等肝内的特殊部位.所有患者均先行TACE治疗,然后在全麻和CT引导下行经皮穿刺RFA治疗,观察穿刺、布针所费的时间.随访1 ～ 15个月,观察并发症和疗效.结果 所有患者费时为1 ～ 3 min完成穿刺、布针.26枚肿瘤共进行了35次RFA治疗,未出现任何严重并发症.20枚肿瘤完全坏死;6枚部分坏死.结论 本研究的结果表明,在全麻和CT引导下对肝内特殊部位恶性肿瘤进行经皮穿刺RFA治疗是可行的,在降低RFA的操作难度和风险方面具有一定的临床价值.     

超声引导经皮微波消融治疗肾上腺肿瘤

目的观察超声引导经皮微波消融治疗肾上腺肿瘤的安全性和临床疗效。资料与方法 9例肾上腺肿瘤患者(9个病灶),其中肾上腺转移癌5例,肾上腺嗜咯细胞瘤1例,肾上腺非功能性腺瘤3例。肿瘤直径2.0～4.5cm。治疗时在超声引导下将水冷式微波天线置入肿瘤内,肿瘤直径<2cm者使用一根微波天线,肿瘤直径>2cm者使用2根微波天线。邻近肠道的肾上腺肿瘤,在微波辐射时瘤周测温,保持治疗温度<54℃,同时辅以瘤周无水乙醇注射(5～8ml)以增强疗效。微波消融后3d内行超声造影观察有无残存肿瘤,造影无肿瘤残存者于治疗后第1、3个月,随后每3～4个月行增强CT/MR评价肿瘤的治疗效果。结果 8例病灶在1次消融后完全坏死,1例病灶在2次消融后完全坏死,微波消融无严重并发症出现,随访期内未发生肿瘤局部复发。结论超声引导经皮微波消融肾上腺肿瘤安全有效、副作用小,是治疗局限性肾上腺肿瘤的有效方法。     

人工液胸辅助超声引导微波消融治疗肝癌的临床应用价值

 目的 探讨人工液胸在辅助超声引导经皮微波消融治疗近膈顶肝癌的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性研究2011-01至2013-12行人工液胸操作辅助超声引导微波消融治疗肝癌的患者115例临床资料,年龄35～82岁,对人工液胸操作的可行性、有效性和安全性指标进行评估。结果 人工液胸操作成功率97.4%(112/115),滴注的生理盐水量为500～1500 ml,平均(962.9±219.4)ml。操作成功的112例患者中110例完成了肝癌的超声引导微波消融治疗,操作有效率98.2%。本组病例术中和术后未出现与人工液胸操作有关的严重并发症,轻微并发症包括疼痛、咳嗽等。结论 人工液胸技术具有良好的可行性,可以安全有效地用于辅助超声引导经皮微波消融治疗近膈顶肝癌,扩大了适应证范围。     

超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的评价B超引导下冷循环射频肿瘤治疗仪射频消融(RFA)治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效及并发症。方法采用超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌25例,其中转移性肝癌8例,原发性肝癌17例。每个病灶进行RFA1～2次。其中8例患者术前给予3次TACE治疗。术后通过增强CT扫描评价疗效。结果10个病灶完全坏死,余15个病灶大部分坏死。随访半年,25例患者现全部存活且生存质量明显提高。结论超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌短期效果满意,值得推广。     

Percutaneous radio-frequency ablation of liver metastases from breast cancer: initial experience in 24 patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the authors' initial experience in a consecutive series of 24 patients with breast cancer liver metastases treated with radio-frequency (RF) ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive patients with 64 metastases measuring 1.0--6.6 cm in diameter (mean, 1.9 cm) underwent ultrasonography-guided percutaneous RF ablation with 18-gauge, internally cooled electrodes. Treatment was performed with the patient under conscious sedation and analgesia or general anesthesia. A single lesion was treated in 16 patients, and multiple lesions were treated in eight patients. Follow-up with serial computed tomography ranged from 4 to 44 months (mean, 10 months; median, 19 months). RESULTS: Complete necrosis was achieved in 59 (92%) of 64 lesions. Among the 59 lesions, complete necrosis required a single treatment session in 58 lesions (92%) and two treatment sessions in one lesion (2%). In 14 (58%) of 24 patients, new metastases developed during follow-up. Ten (71%) of these 14 patients developed new liver metastases. Currently, 10 (63%) of 16 patients whose lesions were initially confined to the liver are free of disease. One patient died of progressive brain metastases. No major complications occurred. Two minor complications were observed. CONCLUSION: On the basis of preliminary study results, percutaneous RF ablation appears to be a simple, safe, and effective treatment for focal liver metastases in selected patients with breast cancer.     

肺肿瘤射频消融治疗的并发症分析

目的：探讨肺肿瘤行射频消融治疗中的并发症及其防治措施。 方法：选取2010年4月至2017年12月广东省人民医院肿瘤介入科收治的150例接受射频消融治疗的肺恶性肿瘤患者,其中原发性肺癌99例,转移性肺癌51例。99例原发性肺癌包括非小细胞肺癌87例、小细胞肺癌8例及癌肉瘤4例;51例转移性肺癌中来自肝癌的22例,来自软组织肉瘤12例、大肠癌9例、鼻咽癌6例、纵膈卵黄囊瘤及血管平滑肌脂肪肉瘤各1例。所有患者均为单个病灶,肿瘤直径8~47 mm（26±3.6）mm。射频消融均在CT引导下穿刺,其中行1次消融者133例,2次者17例;2次射频消融之间的间隔时间1~4（2±0.5）周。消融功率40~60（51.1±3.9）W,消融时间3~12（6.3±2.7）min。 结果：常见并发症包括气胸29例（19.3%）,肺实质出血35例（23.3%）,咯血12例（8%）,胸腔积液3例（2%）;少见并发症包括肺脓肿并支气管瘘1例（0.7%）,以往未见文献报道,胸部皮下气肿1例（0.7%）。无严重并发症或围手术期死亡病例发生。 结论：肺肿瘤射频消融的并发症多为轻中度,但均应给予足够重视,只有及时诊断并及时处理,才能减少和避免严重并发症及死亡的发生。     

Preoperative RFA simulation for liver cancer using a CT virtual ultrasound system

We developed a computed tomography (CT) virtual ultrasound system (CVUS) as an imaging system to support treatment under percutaneous ultrasound (US) guidance. This prototype clinical system, produced in collaboration with Tokyo Medical University, uses display software developed by Toshiba Medical Systems. We examined the utility of this system by scheduling treatment plans preoperatively and simulating puncture and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for liver cancer. The study enrolled 51 liver cancer patients with 66 nodules 0.8-8cm in diameter in which RFA was performed between June 2004 and December 2004. Virtual US and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images were constructed on the basis of DICOM CT data and puncture and ablation of liver cancer were simulated. The following were evaluated: (1) how to avoid complications and determine an appropriate puncture route by simulating puncture with C-mode MPR images; (2) determination of the three-dimensional location of the tumor for ablation, as well as the adjacent organs and vessels, by MPR rotation 360 degrees around the center of the tumor (center lock); and (3) how to determine the center and volume of ablation and avoid injuries to nearby organs and vessels by simulating ablation procedures. C -mode MPR images were effective for (1) determining and modifying the puncture route in 35 of 51 cases (69.6%) and (2) determining the spatial location of vessels and nearby organs in 50 of 51 cases (98.0%) by the center lock; and (3) simulating the ablation helped determine the center and volume of ablation by avoiding injuries to vessels and nearby organs in 45 or 51 cases (88.2%). Taken together, the CVUS allowed easy simulation of local treatment of liver cancer under US guidance using CT data alone and the preoperative simulation predicted an improvement in the safety of local therapy of liver cancer.     

Transcholecystic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage for Central Bile Duct Protection During Thermal Tumor Ablation

Intraductal cooling via a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tube holds great promise in facilitating thermal ablation of liver tumors adjacent to the central bile ducts. However, the difficulties and complications associated with puncturing nondilated bile ducts are greater than those associated with puncturing dilated bile ducts. As reported here, percutaneous transcholecystic contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed in 7 patients to visualize the nondilated bile ducts and guide percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, thus facilitating the intraductal cooling-assisted thermal ablation process. The procedures were technically successful in all 7 patients, and no major complications were recorded during the follow-up period.     

Large liver tumors: protocol for radiofrequency ablation and its clinical application in 110 patients--mathematic model, overlapping mode, and electrode placement process

PURPOSE: To establish a preoperative protocol for ultrasonographically guided percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of large liver tumors that is based on mathematic models and clinical experience and to evaluate the role of this protocol in RF ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A regular prism and a regular polyhedron model were used to develop a preoperative protocol for liver tumor ablation. This protocol enabled the authors to minimize the number of ablation spheres, optimize the overlapping mode, and determine the electrode placement process. One hundred ten patients with 121 liver tumors were treated by using this protocol. Sixty-nine patients had 74 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and 41 had 47 metastases to the liver (ie, metastatic liver carcinomas [MLCs]). Patients underwent follow-up helical computed tomography (CT) 1 month and every 2-3 months after RF ablation. Ablation was considered a success if no contrast enhancement was detected in the treated area on the CT scan obtained at 1 month. RESULTS: A total of 536 ablations were performed in the 121 tumors. The ablation success rate was 87.6% (106 of 121 tumors); the local recurrence rate, 24.0% (29 of 121 tumors); and the estimated mean recurrence-free survival, 17.1 months. Twenty-five patients underwent 38 re-treatments for local tumor recurrence. Major complications occurred in seven patients. Of these patients, only one, who had a tumor close to the colon, had a colon perforation 1 week after RF and required surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: The described protocol for treatment of large tumors had a success rate of 87.6% and a local recurrence rate of 24.0%.     

Sonography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of high-grade dysplastic nodules in cirrhotic liver

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the effect of sonography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of high-grade dysplastic nodules in the cirrhotic liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 1997 to May 2003, 49 histologically proven high-grade dysplastic nodules in 30 patients with liver cirrhosis were treated by microwave ablation. Three patients had concomitant small hepatocellular carcinomas (D < 3.0 cm), whereas another three had undergone liver segmentectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma 1 year earlier. The mean size of the nodules was 1.8 cm (range, 0.9-4.6 cm). Sixty-eight insertions with 78 applications were administered to the 49 nodules. RESULTS: The follow-up period was 12-82 months (mean, 45.1 +/- 19.0 months). Five patients died during this study: three from advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, one from bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and another from cerebral hemorrhage. All nodules showed decreased density on unenhanced CT and no enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT after microwave ablation. Posttreatment biopsy performed in 16 patients with 18 nodules 1-3 months after microwave ablation showed no evidence of viable tissue but replacement by fibrotic tissue in all nodules. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous microwave ablation as a minimally invasive therapy is effective for ablating high-grade dysplastic nodules, thus preventing their potential malignant transformation, which may improve survival. The preliminary data warrant further prospective, randomized studies.