口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤1例病例报告及文献复习

目的探讨口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的临床诊断及鉴别诊断要点。方法主诉拔牙后持续牙龈出血患者1例,其临床表现为口腔黏膜大面积黑色病损,经全面临床检查结合常规病理及免疫组织化学检查明确诊断。结果临床表现、病理检查和免疫组织化学检查证实为口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤。结论对发生于口腔黏膜的黑色损害特别是进展迅速且有破溃出血者应高度警惕口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的可能,并结合临床表现、病理表现及免疫组织化学进行早期诊断和鉴别诊断。     

��ǻ�Ĥԭ�����Ժ�ɫ�������ٴ��Ͳ���

提要：口腔黏膜原发恶性黑色素瘤是一种少见的恶性肿瘤,具有易复发、易转移、预后较差的特点。由于病例数稀少,临床及随访资料匮乏,并且缺少通行的黏膜恶性黑色素瘤分期分级标准。因此,对口腔黏膜原发恶性黑色素瘤还缺乏全面深入的认识。本文通过回顾相关文献,从流行病学、临床、病理、诊断和鉴别诊断以及分类等方面来概述口腔黏膜原发恶性黑色素瘤的特点。     

口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤与鳞癌之间颈淋巴结转移差异性比较

目的：比较口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤与鳞癌之间颈淋巴结转移异同点.方法：收集2000年1月～2011年12月口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤及鳞状细胞癌颈部Ⅰ-Ⅲ区淋巴结转移患者的回顾性资料;x2检验比较口腔鳞癌患者与口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤患者之间Ⅳ-Ⅴ区转移率差别.结果：口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤Ⅰ-Ⅲ区转移患者31例（35侧）,其中Ⅰ-Ⅲ/Ⅳ-Ⅴ区转移4侧,转移率11.42％（4/35）;口腔鳞癌Ⅰ-Ⅲ区转移患者170例（175侧）,其中Ⅰ-Ⅲ/Ⅳ-Ⅴ区转移12侧,转移率6.86％（12/175）,x2检验结果显示两者间Ⅳ-Ⅴ区转移无统计学差异（P =0.352＞0.05）.结论：口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤临床上比较少见,其颈部淋巴结转移主要发生在Ⅰ-Ⅲ区;口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤Ⅳ-Ⅴ区转移率与口腔鳞癌相类似.     

综合治疗大范围口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤（附1例报告）

口腔黏膜发生恶性黑色素瘤临床少见,预后极差。本文报告综合治疗1例腭部大范围恶性黑色素瘤,并对口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的病因、各种治疗方法的疗效及影响预后的因素进行了讨论。原发灶冷冻、手术以及免疫治疗等综合治疗应是目前提倡的治疗方法之一。     

致主编信

口腔黏膜黑色素瘤是一类高度恶性的实体肿瘤,其恶性程度位居头颈肿瘤之首,东亚洲人群高发,严重危害人类健康。临床上时有误诊、误治,或者过度治疗,或者治疗不足。目前国内外尚无口腔黏膜黑色素瘤的临床实践指南或共识。有鉴于此,为了让共识有的放矢、更精准地指导临床实践,由郭伟教授领衔24名专家源于整合医学理念,聚焦口腔黏膜黑色素瘤,基于循证医学证据和医学循证,并深入讨论与斟酌编写《中国人口腔黏膜黑色素瘤临床诊治专家共识》。     

上下颌牙龈同时发生恶性黑色素瘤1例报告及文献复习

口腔黏膜发生恶性黑色素瘤临床少见，本文报告1例上下颌牙龈同时发生恶性黑色素瘤并进行了相关文献复习。对口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的病因、各种冶疗方法的疗效及影响预后的因素进行了讨论。认为包括原发灶令冻手术以及免疫治疗等的综合治疗应是目前提倡的治疗方法。     

头颈部黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的临床分期

恶性黑色素瘤属于易复发和高转移率的恶性肿瘤。与头颈部鳞状细胞癌具有统一独立的肿瘤淋巴结转移(TNM)分期不同,头颈部黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的临床分期一直沿用皮肤恶性黑色素瘤的TNM分期。但头颈部黏膜在组织学结构上与皮肤有着显著的差异,所以头颈黏膜恶性黑色素瘤应该具有一套独立的分期体系,以利于临床上进行诊治和判断预后。下面就口腔、鼻腔和副鼻窦黏膜恶性黑色素瘤分期的研究进展作一综述。     

DNA倍体分析在口腔黏膜糜烂病损恶性变诊断中的应用

组织病理检查是口腔黏膜可疑癌前病变诊断的金标准，但病检有创伤、可重复性有限。脱落细胞DNA倍体分析因其微创、可重复性好，敏感性、特异性可靠，已用于口腔白斑等潜在恶性疾病的辅助诊断。该研究结合两种技术诊断口腔黏膜糜烂病损恶性变2例，为临床对该类疾病恶变早期预警，减少误诊、漏诊提供参考。     

��ǻ�Ĥ���Ѽ������˼·����������

口腔黏膜病是发生在口腔黏膜的诸多疾病的总称,除口腔黏膜固有疾病以外,还有相当一部分为全身疾病或综合征的口腔表征;口腔黏膜与皮肤在胚胎发生学上存在同源性,增加了口腔黏膜病的复杂性。口腔黏膜病具有以下特点：（1）病种繁多、类型各异,既有常见多发病,又有少见、罕见病;（2）同病异症、异病同症,症状多样、多变、多雷同;（3）病损更迭与重叠性;（4）部位的差异性;（5）病损的共存性;（6）病因不清、病程复杂、迁延、难于根治。口腔黏膜病学科的特殊性决定了其诊断与鉴别诊断的相对困难。本文通过浅析口腔黏膜疑难疾病的诊断思路,并结合一些案例分析,旨在给予读者以启示与帮助。     

口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤颈淋巴结转移区域特点初探

目的:通过分析口腔黏膜原发性黑色素瘤颈淋巴清扫术后标本中淋巴结转移情况,探索口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的颈淋巴结转移特点,为颈清术式的选择及标本的规范处理提供指导。方法:收集整理1999-08—2009-07我院口腔病理科的原发性口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的病例资料,用HE和免疫组化染色重新判定颈淋巴结转移的情况。结果:在获得的56个病例中,发生转移的共50例,86%的颈淋巴结转移多发于Ⅰ～Ⅲ区(43/50例),在Ⅰ～Ⅲ区的标本中淋巴结转移阳性率为21.1%(215/1017枚),Ⅳ区和Ⅴ区为4.57%(18/394枚);19例术前临床诊断无转移者(cN0)中有13例术后病理发现存在颈淋巴结转移,假阴性率达68.5%。结论:口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的cN0患者应接受选择性颈淋巴结清扫,术式宜选择功能性肩胛舌骨上清扫术;应重视颈清术后标本淋巴结的分区送检,尤其Ⅴ区的送检。     

常见口腔黏膜病动物模型研究进展

口腔黏膜病作为口腔医学的一部分,其中大部分疾病的病因仍不明确,这给临床治疗带来困难。黏膜病动物模型作为临床研究工作的一种必要方法,因此在口腔医学的研究中占有重要地位。国内外对于一些具体黏膜病,如口腔溃疡,口腔白斑,口腔癌等的模型建立有着详细介绍,但对口腔黏膜病的动物模型的总结性文章文献较少见,因此本文对口腔黏膜疾病较为成熟的动物模型做以阐述。     

Desmoplastic malignant melanoma of the palatal alveolar mucosa: sustained disease-free survival after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy

Aggressive surgical and radiotherapeutic management of a patient with desmoplastic malignant melanoma arising from the mucosa of the oral cavity has resulted in disease-free survival of more than 2(1/2) years after diagnosis. This case represents only the tenth reported instance of desmoplastic malignant melanoma arising from the oral cavity and only the third for which survival has exceeded 2 years. Details of the clinical, histopathologic, and therapeutic features of the case are provided to augment the paucity of literature available to clinicians managing this rare disease.     

Oral presentation of the Laugier-Hunziker syndrome

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome is an extremely rare disorder but is of some interest to dental practitioners. The importance of the condition relates to it being included in the differential diagnosis of pigmentary disorders of the oral mucosa with associated nail involvement. Two cases of the syndrome are described.     

Melanoma arising from the mucosal surfaces of the head and neck

Oral mucosal malignant melanoma is a rare disease. We reviewed 30 years of data from a tumor registry and identified 65 patients who had head and neck melanomas. Two thirds (43) of the 65 patients were identified as male, with the mean age in the sixth decade. Of the 65 patients, only 6 had melanoma that arose from the oropharyngeal mucosa. Of the lesions involving the oral mucosa, each lesion manifested itself as a mass or was associated with symptoms of discomfort; only one third (2) of the lesions were pigmented. The clinician must carefully examine the head, neck, and oral cavity, and any pigmented lesion that is not recognized as a specific entity, such as amalgam tattoo, should be biopsied. The more common presentation of amelanotic malignant melanoma requires a high index of suspicion for masses identified in the mouth and requires biopsy for definitive diagnosis. The prognosis for oral mucosal malignant melanoma is poor.     

Primary malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa.

PURPOSE: To present our experience on the epidemiology, clinical features, management, and survival of patients with oral malignant melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records of patients with a histologic diagnosis of primary oral mucosal malignant melanoma seen over a 23-year period were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were 6 females and 2 males, ranging in age from 18 to 60 years; 4 cases in the maxilla, 2 in the mandible, 1 on the lower lip, and 1 on the buccal mucosa. Local recurrences developed in 2 patients who eventually died with clinical metastatic cervical nodal disease. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 16 years 3 months. Surgery was the only treatment available. CONCLUSION: Primary oral mucosal melanoma is rare, with a 3 to 1 female to male ratio and an average age of 41.7 years at presentation. It is most common in the maxilla and has poor prognosis despite apparent adequate local surgical control.     

Gingival lesions as a first symptom of pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy

The erosive gingival lesions associated with vesiculobullous diseases can be an important early clinical manifestation of serious diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris (PV). PV is a vesiculobullous disease of the skin and mucosa which tends to be chronic and which normally affects people of 40-60 years of age. Its incidence varies from 0.5 to 3.2 cases per 100,000 per year. Mucosal lesions are located mainly in the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, although conjunctiva, larynx, nasal mucosa, vulva, vagina, cervix, and ano-rectal mucosa may also be involved. It is a serious mucocutaneous disease of an autoimmune nature, whose appearance during pregnancy is extremely rare.     

Malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa

Among neoplasms of skin, melanoma ranks as the most malignant. In Australia, primary malignant melanoma of the skin is relatively common, especially in Queensland.¹ Mucosal melanoma, however, is uncommon. It is found primarily on the vulva but may occur in the anorectal region, vagina, noso-oropharyngeal regions and esophagus, and on the penis.²There have been few reports of oral mucosal melanomas in Caucasians. In Australia, primary malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa is rare. Since 1946, three cases have been recorded in the Victorian Cancer Registry (personal communication). It the porpose of the present communication to report a case of oral malignant melanoma, and to briefly review the pertinent literature.