镰形棘豆的生药分析

目的建立镰形棘豆药材品质评价的方法。方法从原植物、性状、显微、薄层鉴别、HPI。C法测定含量等对镰形棘豆进行生药分析研究。结果镰形棘豆药材原植物、药材性状、显微特征具有专属性,药材中2’,4’-二羟基查耳酮含量可达0．92％。结论原植物、性状、显微、薄层鉴别及HPLC法测定含量可用于镰形棘豆药材的品质控制。     

藏药镰形棘豆中的黄酮类化合物

从藏药镰形棘豆中分离得到27个黄酮类成分,包括10个异黄酮、9个二氢黄酮、3个二氢查耳酮、2个黄烷,其化学结构通过质谱、核磁共振波谱以及圆二色谱等波谱法得以确定。其中12个化合物为首次从镰形棘豆中分离得到,10个化合物为首次从棘豆属植物中分离得到。     

镰形棘豆总提取物的镇痛抗炎作用

目的研究藏药镰形棘豆总提取物的镇痛抗炎活性。方法使用小鼠扭体法和热板法观察镰形棘豆总提取物的镇痛效应,确定镇痛类型;采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法和大鼠棉球肉芽肿胀法观察镰形棘豆总提取物的抗炎效应。结果镰形棘豆总提取物经灌胃给药可明显减少由醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数(P<0.05),但是不能明显提高小鼠热刺激的痛反应时间;可明显减轻二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀程度和模型大鼠肉芽组织的增生。结论镰形棘豆具有良好的外周镇痛活性和抗炎活性。     

镰形棘豆防晒乳膏的制备与质量评价

目的 采用藏药镰形棘豆总黄酮成分研制适合军队训练使用的防晒乳膏。方法 采用O/W型乳剂配方,加入从镰形棘豆提取精制的总黄酮成分,制成镰形棘豆防晒乳膏。对该乳膏进行质量评价,采用紫外分光光度法测定药物含量。结果 所制备的镰形棘豆防晒乳膏性质稳定,质地均匀,易于涂抹,紫外吸收作用强,防晒指数较高。结论 该乳膏剂符合《中华人民共和国轻工行业标准—润肤霜膏类（QB/T1857-2004）》相关要求,有望开发成新型天然防晒用品。     

藏药镰形棘豆的研究进展

镰形棘豆属豆科棘豆属多年生无茎草本植物,是重要的传统藏药材,在西藏资源丰富且药用价值高。近年来有关镰形棘豆的研究十分广泛。该文通过查阅相关资料文献,从镰形棘豆的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用等方面进行总结,以期为该药材的进一步研究利用提供参考。     

镰形棘豆黄酮类成分提取工艺与体外抗氧化活性研究

摘要 目的用正交实验法对镰形棘豆提取工艺进行优化,体外实验评价镰形棘豆总黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性。方法以镰形棘豆总黄酮的提取率和出膏率为评价指标,采用L9（34）正交实验设计法,优化镰形棘豆水提取工艺。选择清除羟自由基的Fenton法、清除1,1 二苯基 2 三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基法及还原能力,检测镰形棘豆总黄酮的体外抗氧化能力。结果镰形棘豆最佳水提取工艺为用药材10倍量体积的水,80 ℃热回流提取3次,每次1.0 h。该水提物中总黄酮含量达到（72.92±5.04） mg·g－1。镰形棘豆总黄酮提取物对羟自由基、DPPH自由基具有良好的清除能力,达到50%清除率所需药物的浓度（EC50）分别为1.10 mg·mL－1和262.57 μg·mL－1。结论该工艺可以显著提高提取物中黄酮类成分的含量,方法可靠,简便易行。富集后的镰形棘豆总黄酮具有良好的抗氧化活性,且活性与剂量呈正相关。     

藏药镰形棘豆总生物碱提取纯化的研究

目的：研究藏药镰形棘豆总生物碱的提取纯化的最佳工艺。方法选择物料比、乙醇体积分数、醋酸体积分数和提取温度作为实验的考察因素,以酸性染料比色法测定吸光度为指标,采用正交实验优选镰形棘豆总生物碱的提取纯化最佳工艺。结果最优工艺条件为以5mL·L-1醋酸的体积分数40％乙醇溶液为溶剂,物料比为1∶20,60℃超声提取2次,经732型阳离子交换树脂进行吸附,再以10mL·L-1NH3·H2O的体积分数60％乙醇溶液超声提取树脂中的生物碱。结论优选的工艺稳定可行,能较好地提取镰形棘豆中的总生物碱,为今后从镰形棘豆中获得总生物碱提供了科学依据。     

藏药镰形棘豆的镇痛抗炎活性

目的:对藏药镰形棘豆的镇痛和抗炎活性进行研究.方法:使用醋酸扭体法、热板法和福尔马林法确定镰形棘豆的镇痛效应和类型;使用二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀模型、卡拉胶诱导的小鼠腹腔炎模型和大鼠棉球肉芽肿模型探讨镰形棘豆的抗炎效应.结果:镰形棘豆总提取物经口服给药可明显减少由醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数(57.2%);还可对抗由福尔马林诱发的第二相疼痛(40.1%);但是不能降低小鼠对热刺激的反应性.在抗炎试验中,镰形棘豆总提取物可显著地抑制模型小鼠的耳肿胀程度(58.0%)和白细胞的迁移(59.4%),以及模型大鼠肉芽组织的增生(49.2%).结论:镰形棘豆具有良好的外周镇痛活性,对急性炎症和慢性炎症都有较好的作用.     

镰形棘豆提取物抗肿瘤活性的体外实验研究

目的：对从镰形棘豆中分离得到的5种提取物进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选。方法：采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法观察镰形棘豆挥发油、总黄酮、总多糖、总生物碱及总皂苷对HepG2、MGC-803、LOVO、MCF-7、HeLa等5种人癌细胞株增殖的影响。结果：挥发油和总黄酮可以不同程度地抑制人癌细胞株的增殖。并呈现出一定的量效关系。结论：镰形棘豆的挥发油和总黄酮是抗肿瘤活性的主要部位．值得进一步深入地探讨和研究。     

癌痛贴巴布剂的皮肤刺激性及毒性实验研究

目的:评价癌痛贴巴布剂的安全性,从而保证临床用药安全。方法:皮肤刺激性试验观察单次和多次用药后,癌痛贴巴布剂组与空白巴布剂组豚鼠皮肤红斑、水肿的发生情况。急性毒性试验比较癌痛贴巴布剂实验组与空白巴布剂对照组豚鼠在用药14 d内的一般情况、体质量变化、中毒表现和死亡数,并心脏取血观察癌痛巴布剂在短期内对豚鼠血常规、血生化指标有无明显改变。长期毒性试验是将2组实验组豚鼠连续敷贴癌痛贴45 d后选一组心脏取血,与对照组比较血常规、血生化指标有无明显差异;另一组停药饲养14 d后再心脏取血,与对照组比较血常规、血生化指标有无明显差异,以评价停药后一段时间内有无影响。结果:癌痛贴巴布剂对豚鼠一般状况无明显影响;对豚鼠皮肤无明显刺激性作用;对豚鼠体重无明显影响(P>0.05);急性毒性试验中豚鼠心脏取血检测血常规、血生化指标,实验组和对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。长期毒性试验中豚鼠心脏取血检测血常规、血生化指标,实验组和对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:癌痛贴巴布剂的皮肤刺激性试验、急性毒性试验及长期毒性试验均未显示毒性作用,预期临床应用安全性良好。     

水溶性异丁基壳聚糖的生物安全性评价

目的：评价异丁基壳聚糖作为生物材料的安全性。方法：采用细胞生长抑制法测定其细胞毒性；利用接触斑贴试验测定其致敏作用；根据皮肤刺激试验、眼刺激试验、皮内刺激试验考察其刺激作用；采用腹腔注射试验观察其全身急性毒性作用。结果：异丁基壳聚糖无细胞毒性、无致敏、刺激及全身毒性作用。结论：水溶性的异丁基壳聚糖可作为一种安全无毒的生物材料。     

二样膏皮肤毒性试验研究

目的观察二样膏对大鼠及豚鼠皮肤的毒性作用。方法用Wistar大鼠进行皮肤急性毒性试验,用豚鼠进行皮肤刺激性和皮肤过敏性试验。结果二样膏外涂大鼠完整皮肤和破损皮肤均未引起急性毒性反应,对豚鼠皮肤也无刺激性和过敏性。结论二样膏是较安全的外用制剂,可在临床上推广应用。     

Dermal safety assessment of Arm & Hammer laundry products formulated for sensitive skin

Context: The prevalence of sensitive skin among the general population in industrialized countries is reported to be over 50%. Sensitive skin subjects often report significant reactions to contact with cosmetics, soaps and other consumer products.

Objective: This paper describes the overall skin compatibility and mildness program for a newly developed, lightly fragranced, colorant free laundry product (i.e. Arm &; Hammer? Sensitive Skin plus Skin-Friendly Fresh Scent), specially formulated for individuals with sensitive skin. The skin mildness of the product was compared to Arm &; Hammer? Free &; Clear liquid laundry detergent with no fragrance or colorant, and an established history of safe use by sensitive skin consumers.

Materials and methods: The test material was a liquid laundry product with a light scent formulated for sensitive skin consumers (Arm &; Hammer? Sensitive Skin plus Skin-Friendly Fresh Scent). The product was compared to commercially marketed products for sensitive skin with a history of skin safety in the marketplace, including: a very similar product formulation (Arm &; Hammer? Free &; Clear with no fragrance), and several selected competitors’ products. Studies were conducted among individuals with self-assessed sensitive skin (based on a questionnaire) using standard protocols for the Human Repeat Insult Patch Test (HRIPT), 10-Day Cumulative Irritation, the Wrist Band Wear test, and the Safety In-Use testing. Responses in all protocols were evaluated by visual scoring of potential dermatologic reactions, and recording any sensory effects at the time of the examination. In addition, sensory effects collected from panelists’ daily diaries were also evaluated.

Results: The HRIPT confirmed that neither the fragrance alone, nor the product formulation with fragrance, induced contact sensitization in sensitive skin subjects. The 10-Day cumulative irritation study conducted using sensitive skin subjects showed highly favorable skin compatibility, and the test product was comparable to the control product (Arm &; Hammer Free &; Clear) and other nonirritant controls. In the Wrist Band Wear test, exposure to laundered fabrics under exaggerated conditions gave similar results for the test and control products, with no objective signs of skin irritation, and no self-reported persistent adverse sensory effects. Very mild, transient and isolated sensory effects were noted in daily diaries by a small proportion of subjects, and were similar for the test and control products. The Safety In-Use tests evaluated 4-week exposure to product and laundered fabrics under realistic use conditions. There were no clinically objective signs of skin irritation, and reports of transitory, mild sensory effects were minimal and similar for the test and controls.

Discussion and conclusion: A comprehensive skin safety program on a lightly scented sensitive skin laundry formulation (i.e. Arm &; Hammer? Sensitive Skin plus Skin-Friendly Fresh Scent) conducted among panels of self-assessed sensitive skin subjects demonstrated that the presence of a light fragrance did not adversely impact skin compatibility in any of the testing protocols when the product was compared to a similar product with no fragrance. The lightly fragranced product demonstrated overall skin compatibility and mildness when tested in a self-assessed sensitive skin population, and compared favorably to currently marketed sensitive skin products.     

生物止血海绵的安全性评价

目的 评价一种自制止血海绵作为医用生物材料的安全性.方法通过体内埋植法和体外酶降解法考查其降解作用;采用MTT法评价其对鼠成纤维细胞L929的细胞毒性;采用腹腔注射法观察其全身急性毒性;采用皮肤刺激、皮内刺激、眼刺激法考察其刺激作用.结果该止血海绵具有一定的降解性,无细胞毒性和急性毒性,无刺激性.结论实验结果提示该止血海绵是一种安全的,具有潜在临床应用价值的生物医用材料.     

Assessment of dermal safety of oil extracted from Periplaneta americana: acute dermal toxicity,irritation, and sensitization

Abstract

Introduction

The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is used in traditional Chinese medicine. Periplaneta americana (P. americana) is rich in oil that has shown potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities in vitro.     

复方奥硝唑大黄口腔膜的安全性评价

目的:评价复方奥硝唑大黄口腔膜的安全性。方法:将口腔膜分别贴在健康豚鼠背部和口腔颊侧黏膜上,进行急性皮肤刺激实验和黏膜刺激实验;将药膜浸膏涂抹在牙周膜上,观察对牙周组织的毒性。结果:急性皮肤刺激反应及强度积分值均为0。黏膜刺激实验中未见充血、出血、肿胀、糜烂、溃疡等反应。牙周组织毒性实验中未出现细胞炎症反应。结论:该药膜对皮肤及口腔黏膜无刺激性,对牙周组织无毒性。     

异丁基壳聚糖多功能敷料的生物安全性

目的 研究以壳聚糖衍生物-异丁基壳聚糖为生物基质材料而制成的多功能（止血、镇痛、抗菌、促愈合）创面敷料的安全性。方法 采用皮肤刺激、皮内刺激、眼刺激法考察其刺激作用；利用皮肤斑贴试验观察其致敏作用；采用腹腔注射法观察其全身急性毒性作用。结果 异丁基壳聚糖多功能敷料无刺激、无致敏及无明显急性毒性。结论 异丁基壳聚糖多功能敷料具有良好的生物安全性。     

Evaluation of dermal and eye irritation and skin sensitization due to carbon nanotubes

The present paper summarizes the results of our studies on dermal and eye irritation and skin sensitization due to carbon nanotubes (CNTs), whose potential applications and uses are wide and varied, including CNT-enhanced plastics, electromagnetic interference/radio-frequency (EMI/RFI) shielding, antistatic material, flexible fibers and advanced polymers, medical and health applications, and scanning probe microscopy. Skin and eyes have the highest risk of exposure to nanomaterials, because deposition of nanomaterials to the surficial organs has the potential to be a major route of exposure during the manufacturing, use, and disposal of nanomaterials. Two products composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and two products composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were tested regarding acute dermal and acute eye irritation using rabbits, and skin sensitization using guinea pigs. The concentrations of the CNTs in the substances were the maximum allowable for administration. The two products of SWCNTs and one of the products of MWCNTs were not irritants to the skin or eyes. The other product of MWCNTs caused very slight erythema at 24 h, but not at 72 h, after patch removal in the dermal irritation experiments and conjunctival redness and blood vessel hyperemia at 1 h, but not at 24 h, in eye irritation experiments. These findings showed that one product of MWCNTs was a very weak acute irritant to the skin and eyes. No products of SWCNTs and MWCNTs exhibited skin-sensitization effects. Our knowledge of the toxicological effects of CNTs is still limited. Further information is needed to clarify the potential for irritation and sensitization given the complex nature of CNTs.     

舒阴洗液皮肤毒性及黏膜刺激性实验研究

目的对舒阴洗液进行了部分动物实验研究,包括皮肤急性毒性实验、皮肤刺激性实验、皮肤过敏性实验及黏膜刺激性实验,以了解其安全性。方法将不同剂量的舒阴洗液用于大耳白兔背部完整或破损去毛区皮肤,观察其产生急性毒性和皮肤刺激性情况;采用致敏与激发接触舒阴洗液,观察豚鼠过敏情况;将舒阴洗液注入大耳白兔的阴道中,观察大耳白兔阴道黏膜的情况。结果舒阴洗液未产生皮肤急性毒性和刺激性;也未产生阴道黏膜刺激性;反复致敏后无皮肤与全身过敏反应。结论舒阴洗液是安全的新型外用洗剂。