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1.
脑深部电刺激 (deepbrainstimulation ,DBS)自 90年代后期作为一种理想的手术方法治疗特发性震颤及帕金森病 ,在欧美国家已广泛应用 ,并基本取代了毁损手术。本中心自1999年 11月以来共为 31例患者植入 4 1侧深部电极 ,其中同期双侧丘脑底核 (STN)刺激 10例 ,单侧STN刺激 2 0例 (其中 4例为已作过对侧或同侧Vim毁损术 ) ,单侧苍白球内侧核 (GPi )刺激 1例 ,现介绍如下。资料和方法 :(1)观察对象 :31例PD患者中男性 2 2例 ,女性 9例。年龄 37~ 82岁 ,平均年龄 (6 4 2± 7 5 )岁 ,排除各种原因引起的…  相似文献   

2.
脑深部电刺激治疗原发性帕金森病   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
帕金森病 (Parkinson sdisease,PD)是一种以多巴胺能黑质纹状体神经元凋亡为特征的慢性退行性变。 2 0世纪 80年代 ,法国Grenoble的Ben abid及其同事向世人介绍了一种全新的治疗手段———脑深部刺激术 (deepbrianstimulation ,DBS) ,本文就有关内容作一综述。一、可能的机制在帕金森病病人中 ,来自黑质的兴奋性神经元失去了抑制 ,导致苍白球内侧部 (GPi)过度兴奋 ,从而增加了丘脑和皮质的兴奋性 ,并进一步导致运动神经元亢进 ,出现临床症状。DBS技术是将电极植入深部神经…  相似文献   

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脑深部电刺激是治疗神经系统疾病的一种方法,它的临床应用弥补了药物治疗神经系统疾病的不足与局限性,其独特的优点和优良的效果使人们对其治疗前景充满希望,本文综述了其在神经系统疾病中的应用及可能的作用机制。  相似文献   

5.
在成年海马齿状回中,每天都有成千上万的新生神经元形成并在发育过程中逐渐整合到原有的齿状回神经网络中。目前认为海马齿状回神经发生与海马相关的认知功能有关。脑深部电刺激是近年新兴的一项神经调控技术,对阿尔茨海默病等认知功能受损的疾病具有确切的临床疗效。近年来有研究发现,脑深部电刺激对海马齿状回神经发生存在影响。本文就脑深部电刺激对海马齿状回神经发生的影响及其与海马相关认知功能的关系进行综述。  相似文献   

6.
脑深部电刺激治疗运动障碍性疾病   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
目的探讨脑深部电刺激(DBS)对帕金森病(PD)和肌张力障碍(dystonia)等运动障碍性疾病的治疗作用及手术方法。方法应用3.0TMRI和微电极导向技术及手术计划系统进行靶点定位,对40例PD病人和3例继发性肌张力障碍病人进行双侧丘脑底核(STN)电极植入。结果PD病人的主要症状有显著改善,服药量也明显减少,术前和术后UPDRS评分有显著差异;3例继发性肌张力障碍病人症状均有不同程度的改善,如以UDRS和BFMS作为评价指标,其中1例药物引起的迟发性肌张力障碍病人症状改善达90%以上;术后无严重及永久并发症。结论首次证实STN-DBS对继发性肌张力障碍是一种有效的治疗方法,双侧STN-DBS是外科治疗PD的首选方法,DBS对运动障碍性疾病的治疗已显示出良好的前景。  相似文献   

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DBS手术取得成功的关键在于正确的选择手术适应征和制定手术计划、精细的手术操作确保靶点精确定位以及术后制定适合的程控模式,其中DBS手术治疗作用靶点的选择应是先决条件,随着研究的深入,人们不仅探索原治疗靶点的新临床应用价值,而且不断尝试着应用新的治疗靶点,现将DBS的治疗靶点综述如下。  相似文献   

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脑深部电刺激的作用机制及其在精神疾病治疗中的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
脑深部电刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)技术被广泛应用于难治性运动障碍性疾病的治疗,并开始试用于其他神经精神疾病的治疗,包括精神疾病。DBS的作用机制包括抑制作用、兴奋作用、复杂的重塑、代谢改变等,涉及复杂的神经网络活动,并与刺激部位、疾病状态和刺激参数等因素有关。DBS在难治性强迫症和抑郁症治疗中的应用处于起步阶段,研究资料显示DBS是一条有希望的治疗新途径。  相似文献   

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1 临床资料患者 ,男 ,6 1岁 ,面部表情刻板 ,行动缓慢 ,双下肢抖动 ,诊断为帕金森病 ,开始服用美多巴 (Madopa) ,6 2 .5mg/次 ,每日 3次 ,92年 10月因双手抖动加重伴僵硬感 ,碎步 ,将美多巴增加至 12 5mg/次 ,每日 4次 ,L -dopa总量为0 .4g/日 ,8年后出现药物  相似文献   

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脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
脑深部电刺激为中晚期的帕金森病患者提供了一种有效的治疗手段.这项技术已得到了广泛应用并有逐步取代毁损术的趋势.但其作用机制仍不十分清楚.本文综述了脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病的作用机制、优缺点、病例选择、靶点选择及并发症,把重点放在作用机制的探讨上,并展望了脑深部电刺激术未来的发展方向.  相似文献   

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《Brain stimulation》2020,13(6):1668-1677
BackgroundEndovascular delivery of current using ‘stentrodes’ – electrode bearing stents – constitutes a potential alternative to conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS). The precise neuroanatomical relationships between DBS targets and the vascular system, however, are poorly characterized to date.ObjectiveTo establish the relationships between cerebrovascular system and DBS targets and investigate the feasibility of endovascular stimulation as an alternative to DBS.MethodsNeuroanatomical targets as employed during deep brain stimulation (anterior limb of the internal capsule, dentatorubrothalamic tract, fornix, globus pallidus pars interna, medial forebrain bundle, nucleus accumbens, pedunculopontine nucleus, subcallosal cingulate cortex, subthalamic nucleus, and ventral intermediate nucleus) were superimposed onto probabilistic vascular atlases obtained from 42 healthy individuals. Euclidian distances between targets and associated vessels were measured. To determine the electrical currents necessary to encapsulate the predefined neurosurgical targets and identify potentially side-effect inducing substrates, a preliminary volume of tissue activated (VTA) analysis was performed.ResultsSix out of ten DBS targets were deemed suitable for endovascular stimulation: medial forebrain bundle (vascular site: P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery), nucleus accumbens (vascular site: A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery), dentatorubrothalamic tract (vascular site: s2 segment of superior cerebellar artery), fornix (vascular site: internal cerebral vein), pedunculopontine nucleus (vascular site: lateral mesencephalic vein), and subcallosal cingulate cortex (vascular site: A2 segment of anterior cerebral artery). While VTAs effectively encapsulated mfb and NA at current thresholds of 3.5 V and 4.5 V respectively, incremental amplitude increases were required to effectively cover fornix, PPN and SCC target (mean voltage: 8.2 ± 4.8 V, range: 3.0–17.0 V). The side-effect profile associated with endovascular stimulation seems to be comparable to conventional lead implantation. Tailoring of targets towards vascular sites, however, may allow to reduce adverse effects, while maintaining the efficacy of neural entrainment within the target tissue.ConclusionsWhile several challenges remain at present, endovascular stimulation of select DBS targets seems feasible offering novel and exciting opportunities in the neuromodulation armamentarium.  相似文献   

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IntroductionMeige syndrome (MS) is characterized by blepharospasm, facial, oromandibular, and often cervical dystonia. The medical treatment of this condition is challenging and unsuccessful over long time. Recent case reports and small clinical series showed that bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) improves dystonic features of MS validated by Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS).Materials and methodsWe report on our experience in using bilateral GPi DBS in 3 cases of MS. We present short-term (3 months) follow-up as well long-term (from 8 months to 36 months) results.Preoperative and postoperative BFMDRS assessments were performed on each patient. The postoperative BFMDRS scores was done when both stimulators were switched on and compared to baseline scores.ResultsBilateral GPi DBS reduced the BFMDRS total movement score by 66% at short-term follow-up, and by 75% at long-term follow-up when compared to baseline scores. The BFMDRS total disability score was reduced by 34% at short-term follow-up, and by 47% at long-term follow-up when compared to baseline scores.ConclusionsOur results showed that bilateral GPi DBS in MS is effective and safe, if conservative treatment options failed. The benefit is not only observed at short-term 3 months period but is maintained at long-term follow-up ranging from 8 to 36 months.  相似文献   

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强迫症是一组以强迫思维和(或)强迫行为为主要表现的精神疾病,目前临床上的一线治疗方案为5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和认知行为治疗。但仍有约40%~60%患者对一线治疗反应不佳或无效,称之为难治性强迫症。2009年美国及欧洲药监局批准的脑深部电刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)技术,作为一种神经调控的新型疗法能安全有效地改善难治性强迫症患者的症状。我们总结了现阶段对强迫症发病机制的了解,阐述了DBS应用于强迫症的历史和最新进展,并对其治疗机制、疗效、安全性、局限性及今后的发展方向等进行了综述。  相似文献   

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丘脑底核电刺激治疗继发性肌张力障碍   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨丘脑底核(STN)的脑深部电剌激(DBS)治疗继发性肌张力障碍的可行性、适应证和并发症。方法 5例行双侧STN—DBS,1例行单侧STN—DBS。结果 术中利用微电极记录的电信号获得STN的准确靶点定位,电刺激后患者肌张力有不同程度下降,但扭转改善不明显。随访半年至3年,6例患者中,药物引起的迟发性肌张力障碍及外伤性肌张力障碍的患者疗效理想,BFMDRS评分改善均在90%以上,且随着随访时间的延长,效果持续不断改善;其余4例患者疗效不佳,4例均肌张力略有改善,其中1例扭转略改善,1例语言及步态略有改善。手术后患者均无明显合并症,但1例术后16个月发现左侧电极折断,后取出。结论 DBS治疗迟发性和外伤性继发性肌张力障碍效果理想,而对于缺氧或脑基底节区弥漫性损害的继发性肌张力障碍效果不佳;STN可以成为治疗本病的理想靶点;术中应根据电生理记录结果和肌张力的轻度改善作为靶点定位的指标;手术无明显合并症。  相似文献   

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双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17  
目的 应用双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激(DBS)治疗难治性帕金森病(PD),并对其疗效作出评价。方法 对7例帕金森病患者采用磁共振导向立体定向及术中电生理验证方法,将刺激电极分别植入丘脑底核,采用同期或分期植入刺激发生器。术后1周用程控计算机在体外调速刺激参数,以达到最佳疗效。结果 6例患者术后均获得了显著的疗效。震颤完全消失,肌强直、步态、姿障碍以及药物所致的并发症明显,面时多巴胺类药物用量明显减少,1例曾接爱双侧丘脑腹中间核及一侧苍白球毁损后的患者只得到了轻度改善。结论 DBS法治疗中晚期PD,具有安全,副作用可逆转的优点,且可根据患者的不同状况及病情发展调节刺激参数达到最佳症状控制,完全控制震颤,明显改善肌张力障碍、步态、资势等运动障碍及药物所致的并发症,另外多巴胺类药物的用量也明显减少。  相似文献   

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目的对导致脑深部电刺激(DBS)手术不成功的原因进行分析,探讨防治措施。方法随访并回顾性的分析本中心自1998年至2003年间为49例患者进行的DBS手术及术后资料。结果术后出血1例,术后电极连接点处皮肤溃烂1例,手术未完成1例,术后开机无效2例,术后效果显著低于术前评估4例,术后1年内效果减弱3例。结论进行多学科协作的术前患者筛选,药物测试,正规严谨的手术操作,定期的随访程控,合理的术后用药指导可以很大程度的提高DBS手术的成功率。  相似文献   

18.

Background

Deep brain stimulation of the ventro-intermedius nucleus of the thalamus is an established treatment for tremor of differing etiologies but factors that may predict the short- and especially long-term outcome of surgery are still largely unknown.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated the clinical, pharmacological, electrophysiological and anatomical features that might predict the initial response and preservation of benefit in all patients who underwent deep brain stimulation for tremor. Data were collected at the following time points: baseline (preoperative), one-year post-surgery, and most recent visit. Tremor severity was recorded using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale and/or the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.

Results

A total of 52 patients were included in the final analysis: 31 with essential tremor, 15 with cerebellar tremor of different etiologies, and 6 with Parkinson's disease. Long-term success (mean follow-up duration 34.7 months, range 1.7–121.1 months) was reported in 63.5%. Predictors of long-term benefit were: underlying tremor etiology (best outcome in Parkinson's disease, worst outcome in cerebellar tremor); age at surgery (the older the better); baseline tremor severity (the greater the better); lack of response to benzodiazepines; a more anterior electrode placement and single-unit beta power (the greater the better).

Conclusions

Specific patients' features (including single unit beta activity) and electrode locations may predict the short- and long-term benefit of thalamic stimulation for tremor. Future prospective studies enrolling a much larger sample of patients are needed to substantiate the associations detected by this retrospective study.  相似文献   

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目的 验证清华大学航天航空学院自主研发的国产脑深部电刺激(DBS)系统用于治疗原发性帕金森病(PD)临床应用的安全性和有效性.方法 对33例PD患者实施了国产脑深部电刺激系统(PINS系统)植入术.分别于术前、术后对用药情况,UPDRS评分量表,日常生活能力评分量表等情况进行评估和分析.结果 33例PD患者平均年龄(56.3±8.6)岁,平均病程(10.4±4.3)年.术后患者症状均得到显著改善,UPDRS运动评分较术前改善78%,症状控制稳定.结论 国产脑深部电刺激器PINS系统生物安全性、系统稳定性、刺激作用有效性均能够满足临床应用的要求.  相似文献   

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