胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝的诊治

胃食管反流病(GERD)与食管裂孔疝(HH)常合并发生，本文对这两种疾病最新诊治情况进行了报道。GERD合并HH可通过典型GERD症状及食管外症状进行初步识别，联合胃镜、24 h食管pH/阻抗监测及高分辨率食管测压、上消化道钡餐造影、胸腹部CT进一步明确诊断。治疗包括生活饮食习惯的改善、药物治疗及手术治疗。质子泵抑制剂(PPI)是最常用且最有效的药物，HH是引起GERD难治的重要原因之一，常需要双倍剂量PPI，夜间症状明显患者需睡前加用H2受体拮抗剂。合并HH的严重食管炎患者需长期维持治疗。对于药物治疗效果不佳者，可选择手术治疗。     

胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝动物实验手术配合体会

目的促使新一代的青年医师、器械护士能够更加熟练掌握胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝手术方式及术中能够紧密的配合。 方法新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院微创外科与科研技术部门合作,成功建立了腹腔镜下胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝手术小猪动物训练模型,通过动物模型手术训练熟悉手术操作要点及配合要点。 结果共完成腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术6次,Nissen胃底折叠术12次,Toupet胃底折叠术12次,Dor胃底折叠术12次,未发生麻醉意外、二氧化碳气栓、失血性休克等严重并发症。预期手术成功完成,没有发生因术中并发症导致实验动物死亡而终止训练等情况。 结论经过腹腔镜抗反流手术动物模型的手术训练可以使医护人员明显缩短学习时间、促进临床术中配合,可以减少手术相关并发症,是一种安全可行的最佳手术训练方法。     

抗反流黏膜切除术治疗食管裂孔疝伴重度胃食管反流病的临床探究

目的 探究抗反流黏膜切除术（ARMS）治疗食管裂孔疝伴胃食管反流病的疗效。方法 回顾性分析19例2017年9月至2018年6月于宁夏回族自治区人民医院消化内科行ARMS治疗食管裂孔疝伴重度胃食管反流病患者的病例资料。结果 19例患者术后均未发生出血、穿孔、感染等并发症。术后第3~4天,1例患者出现胸痛,2例患者感反酸、烧心,1例患者出现进食哽噎感,该4例患者经常规治疗3 d后症状自行好转。结论 ARMS治疗食管裂孔疝伴重度胃食管反流病的安全有效,术后恢复快。     

胃食管反流病的外科治疗

胃食管反流病(GERD)包括由病理性胃食管反流引起的反流性食管炎及并发症(食管狭窄、短食管、Barrett食管、哮喘、吸入性肺炎和反流性咽喉炎等)。GERD发病是多因素的，正常情况下，食管胃连接部存在抗反流屏障，可阻止胃内容物进笔食管。抗反流屏障损害、胃排空和食管酸廓清功能障碍是引发GERD的病理机制。     

右美托咪定对食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病患者围术期免疫功能的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病患者围术期免疫功能的影响。 方法选取2014年3月至2016年3月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治并择期行全麻下腹腔镜手术治疗的食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病患者180例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将上述研究对象分为观察组和对照组,各90例。观察组在麻醉诱导前30 min给予负荷剂量的右美托咪定(0.5 μg/kg),手术开始后以维持剂量0.3 μg/(kg·h)的速率泵人至手术结束;而对照组患者给予等负荷量和维持剂量的生理盐水。分别在不同时间点,即麻醉前(T1)、患者手术结束时(T2)、患者手术结束后30 min(T3)及患者手术结束后24 h(T4)使用流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平并记录不良反应发生情况。 结果2组患者在T1时点免疫功能指标如血清CD3＋、CD4＋、CD8＋、CD4＋/CD8＋和NK细胞水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与T1时点比较,2组患者在T2、T3和T4时点时CD3＋、CD4＋、CD4＋/CD8＋水平均显著降低;与对照组比较,观察组患者T2、T3和T4时CD3＋、CD4＋、CD4＋/CD8＋和NK水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组心动过速、高血压发生情况有所降低(P<0.05),而心动过缓、低血压及苏醒延迟发生情况有所升高(P<0.05);寒颤、呼吸抑制的发生情况,2组比较,差异无统计学意义。 结论右美托咪定辅助麻醉可显著改善行腹腔镜下治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病患者围术期机体免疫功能,值得临床推广。     

食管裂孔疝、胃食管阀瓣与胃食管反流病

胃食管反流病（GERD）是指胃内容物反流入食管,引起不适症状和（或）并发症的一种疾病。GERD患病率国内为5．77％,而国外为7％-15％（亦有高达20％以上者）。近年研究显示,食管裂孔疝（HH）及胃食管阀瓣（GEFV）与GERD发生密切相关。现将HH、GEFV与GERD的关系综述如下。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗巨大滑动型食管裂孔疝合并难治性胃食管反流病的初步探索（含视频）

目的　初步探讨食管裂孔疝内镜黏膜下剥离术（hiatal hernia?endoscopic submucosal dissection,HH?ESD）治疗巨大食管裂孔疝（长径>3 cm）合并难治性胃食管反流病的安全性和疗效。方法　2018年4月—2020年3月,因巨大食管裂孔疝合并难治性胃食管反流病自愿在内蒙古医科大学附属人民医院消化内镜中心接受HH?ESD治疗患者纳入临床试验,观察手术完成情况和并发症发生情况,并随访观察治疗前后各项指标的变化情况,包括胃食管反流病健康相关生活质量评价（gastroesophageal reflux disease?health related quality of life,GERD?HRQL）评分、胃食管反流病问卷量表（gastroesophageal reflux disease?questionnaire,GERD?Q）评分、胃镜检查结果、24 h食管pH值监测结果、食管高分辨率测压结果和质子泵抑制剂使用情况。结果　研究期间共收集到10例患者,病史2～10年,均顺利完成HH?ESD治疗,术中无穿孔、大出血等不良事件,住院时间6～12 d。术后3例出现吞咽困难,分别于3或6个月内自行缓解。术前GERD?HRQL评分19～29分,术后3和12个月分别为0～14分和0～8分,较术前均有较大幅度下降;术前GERD?Q评分9～17分,术后3和12个月均为6～9分,较术前均有较大幅度下降。胃镜随访提示,10例患者的食管炎较术前均有不同程度好转,疝囊较术前均有不同程度缩小,Hill分级较术前均有不同程度降低。术前DeMeester评分30.3～247.1分,术后12个月时为0.2～29.9分,较术前有较大幅度下降;术前食管裂孔疝长径3.0～6.0 cm,术后12个月时为0～5.0 cm,较术前均有不同程度缩小。随访12个月时,7例已停用质子泵抑制剂,其余3例已改为间断口服。结论　初步结果显示,HH?ESD治疗巨大食管裂孔疝合并难治性胃食管反流病安全、有效。     

胃食管反流病

患者：男,58岁。主诉：反酸烧心5年余。 1．病例特点介绍患者诉近5年来间断出现反酸、烧心、胸骨后不适,近期症状加重．故就诊,     

胃食管反流病的外科治疗

GERD的治疗原则是缓解症状 ,预防和治疗重要并发症 ,预防 GERD复发。多数患者应用胃肠动力药物、抑酸剂和粘膜保护剂后症状缓解 ,尤其是质子泵抑制剂对酸的抑制最强 ,治疗效果满意 ,但也有相当一部分病例需要外科治疗。现简述GERD的外科治疗。1　手术适应症1需长期用药维持 ,且用药后症状仍然严重者 ;2内科治疗停药后很快出现症状且反复发作者 ;3出现严重并发症 ,如出血、穿孔、狭窄等 ,经药物或内镜治疗无效者 ;4Barrett食管可疑癌变者 ;5严重的胃食管反流而不愿终生服药者 ;6仅对大剂量质子泵抑制剂起效的年轻患者。2　术式抗反流手…     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术联合胆囊切除术的疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术联合胆囊切除术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病合并胆囊结石患者的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2012年8月至2016年8月,收治的27例行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术联合胆囊切除术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病合并胆囊结石患者的临床资料,其中单纯食管裂孔疝修补患者22例,生物补片修补患者2例,强生PHY补片修补患者1例,巴德补片修补患者1例,泰科食管裂孔疝专用防粘连补片修补患者1例。统计上述患者术前及术后6个月的24 h食管pH、食管测压、GERD-Q量表评分及术后并发症等,回顾性分析腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术联合胆囊切除术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病合并胆囊结石的临床疗效。 结果本组患者无围手术期死亡,术后无严重并发症发生,术后患者反流症状均较术前明显改善,反流时间(1.40±2.10)h、反流次数(29.83±19.71)次、酸反流时间百分比(6.47±8.79)%、及DeMeester评分(7.28±7.38)分、GERD-Q量表评分(7.18±1.33)分较术前分别为(2.04±1.91)h、(120.40±82.72)次、(9.90±9.27)%、(28.23±42.16)分、(10.91±2.02)分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后LES压力中的静息呼吸最小值为(7.24±6.86)mmHg,静息呼吸平均值为(12.91±6.89)mmHg,较术前分别为(0.70±6.15)mmHg、(7.33±7.72)mmHg明显提高,残余压平均值为(8.16±3.82)mmHg,最大值为(16.10±12.05)mmHg,较术前分别为(4.36±4.77)mmHg、(7.49±5.15)mmHg明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后松弛率(58.50±25.47)%]较术前[(62.27±27.55)%明显降低,但术后无效吞咽百分比(11.25±21.04)%较术前(6.36±10.26)%略有增加,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访中位数10个月,随访过程中无复发。 结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术联合胆囊切除术可有效抑制反流症状,提高LES压力,解决患者病痛,疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

裂孔疝对胃—食管反流影响的研究(英文)

目的本研究旨在评价滑动性裂孔疝存在是否对胃—食管反流产生影响．方法本研究对１９７例有胃—食管反流症状的门诊患者进行了内窥镜检查和食管内２４ｈｐＨ监测．结果在１９７例有胃—食管反流症状的患者中，裂孔疝患者占３６％．裂孔疝患者中食管炎发病率明显高于无裂孔疝患者．２４ｈｐＨ监测结果显示，８４例为生理性反流，３７例为病理性反流，６４例为反流性食管炎，１２例生理性反流，但患有食管炎．裂孔疝患者卧位反流百分时间长于无裂孔疝患者．裂孔疝患者夜间５ｍｉｎ以上的反流发作较无裂孔疝患者频繁．裂孔疝患者白天黑夜均反流现象明显多于无裂孔疝患者．结论①在某些有胃—食管反流的患者中，病理性反流和反流性食管炎是胃—食管反流疾病的不同阶段，病理性反流是第一阶段，在此阶段，食管下段括约肌功能不全，但食管粘膜抵抗力能有效地防止反流酸损害食管粘膜，反流性食管炎是第二阶段，在此阶段，由于反流酸作用太强，食管粘膜难以抵抗其作用而发生食管上皮组织损害．②裂孔疝病人白天夜间均发生反流现象的频率较高，这种现象可引起食管炎．     

基层县医院开展腹腔镜治疗滑动型食管裂孔疝合并反流性食管炎十例报道

目的探讨基层医院开展腹腔镜手术治疗滑动型食管裂孔疝合并反流性食管炎手术的疗效及可行性。 方法收集2009年3月至2014年12月,焉耆县人民医院诊断为滑动型食管裂孔疝合并反流性食管炎的10例患者,采用腹腔镜探查并行食管裂孔疝修补同时行胃底折叠术。 结果10例手术顺利完成,无中转开腹,平均手术时间113 min,平均出血量45.5 ml,平均住院时间7.6 d,术后1、6个月行胃镜复查显示患者的食管炎治愈,食管及胃溃疡病灶较前明显好转,术后随访11～18个月未出现疝复发及胃食管反流症状。 结论对于滑动型食管裂孔疝合并反流性食管炎患者可以采用腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术抗反流治疗,在有腹腔镜条件及中转开腹经验的县级医院可以开展,其手术创伤小、手术效果较理想,值得临床推广。     

Study of the influence of hiatus hernia on gastroesophageal reflux

AIM: To explore whether the presence of a sliding hiatus hernia influences gastroesophageal reflux.METHODS: Endoscopy and 24 h pH monitoring were performed for 197 outpatients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.RESULTS: Of the 197 patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, patients with hiatus hernia accounted for 36%. The incidence of esophagitis in patients with hiatus hernia was significantly higher than that in patients without hiatus hernia. The results of 24 h pH monitoring showed that 84 patients had physiological reflux, 37 had pathological reflux without esophagitis, 64 had reflux esophagitis and 12 had physiological reflux concomitant with esophagitis. All the patients with hiatus hernia had a longer percentage time with supine reflux and a higher frequency of episodes lasting over 5 min at night compared to those without hiatus hernia. The incidence of combined daytime and nocturnal reflux in patients with hiatus hernia was significantly higher than that in patients without hiatus hernia.CONCLUSION: Pathological reflux and reflux esophagitis in some patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux represent two different stages of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pathological reflux is the first stage, in which the lower esophageal sphincter is incompetent but the esophageal mucosal resistance effectively prevents regurgitated acid from damaging the esophageal mucosa. Reflux esophagitis represents the second stage, in which the aggression of the regurgitated acid is so strong that the esophageal mucosa fails to resist it and the epithelium of the esophagus is damaged. Patients with hiatus hernia have a high incidence of combined daytime and nocturnal reflux, with the latter being responsible for esophagitis.     

Similar symptom patterns in gastroesophageal reflux patients with and without hiatal hernia

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common clinical entity in Western societies. Its association with hiatal hernia has been well documented; however, the comparative clinical profile of patients in the presence or absence of hiatal hernia remains mostly unknown. The aim of the present study was to delineate and compare symptom, impedance, and manometric patterns of patients with and without hiatal hernia. A cumulative number of 120 patients with reflux disease were enrolled in the study. Quality of life score, demographic, symptom, manometric, and impedance data were prospectively collected. Data comparison was undertaken between patients with and without hiatal hernia. A P‐value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Patients with hiatal hernia tended to be older than patients without hernia (52.3 vs. 48.6 years, P < 0.05), whereas quality of life scores were slightly better for the former (97.0 vs. 88.2, P= 0.005). Regurgitation occurred more frequently in patients without hiatal hernia (78.3% vs. 93.9%, P < 0.05). Otherwise, no differences were found with regard to esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms. However, lower esophageal sphincter pressures (7.7 vs. 10.0 mmHg, P= 0.007) and more frequent reflux episodes (upright, 170 vs. 134, P= 0.01; supine, 41 vs. 24, P < 0.03) were documented for patients with hiatal hernia on manometric and impedance studies. Distinct functional characteristics in patients with and without hiatal hernia may suggest a tailored therapeutic management for these diverse patient groups.     

Modern treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal smooth muscle sarcomas that can arise anywhere within the gastrointestinal tract. Sporadic mutations within the tyrosine kinase receptors of the interstitial cells of Cajal have been identified as the key molecular step in GIST carcinogenesis. Although many patients are asymptomatic, the most common associated symptoms include: abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gastric outlet obstruction, and anorexia. Rarely, GIST can perforate causing life-threatening hemoperitoneum. Most are ultimately diagnosed on cross-sectional imaging studies (i.e., computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging in combination with upper endoscopy. Endoscopic ultrasonographic localization of these tumors within the smooth muscle layer and acquisition of neoplastic spindle cells harboring mutations in the c-KIT gene is pathognomonic. Curative treatment requires a complete gross resection of the tumor. Both open and minimally invasive operations have been shown to reduce recurrence rates and improve long-term survival. While there is considerable debate over whether GIST can be benign neoplasms, we believe that all GIST have malignant potential, but vary in their propensity to recur after resection and metastasize to distant organ sites. Prognostic factors include location, size (i.e., > 5 cm), grade (> 5-10 mitoses per 50 high power fields and specific mutational events that are still being defined. Adjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib mesylate, has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence after one year of therapy. Treatment of locally-advanced or borderline resectable gastric GIST with neoadjuvant imatinib has been shown to induce regression in a minority of patients and stabilization in the majority of cases. This treatment strategy potentially reduces the need for more extensive surgical resections and increases the number of patients eligible for curative therapy. The modern surgical treatment of gastric GIST combines the novel use of targeted therapy and aggressive minimally invasive surgical procedures to provide effective treatment for this lethal, but rare gastrointestinal malignancy.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors

AIM: To retrospectively evaluate our experience with the diagnosis and surgical resection of esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).METHODS: Between January 2003 and August 2014, five esophageal GIST cases were admitted to our hospital. In this study, the hospital records, surgery outcomes, tumor recurrence and survival of these patients were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 45.6 years(range: 12-62 years). Three patients presented with dysphagia, and one patient presented with chest discomfort. The remaining patient was asymptomatic. Four patients were diagnosed with esophageal GISTs by a preoperative endoscopic biopsy. Three patients underwent esophagectomy, and two patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The mean operating time was 116 min(range: 95-148 min), and the mean blood loss was 176 m L(range: 30-300 m L). All tumors were completely resected. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 8.4 d(range: 6-12 d). All patients recovered and were discharged successfully. The median postoperative follow-up duration was 48 mo(range: 29-72 mo). One patient was diagnosed with recurrence, one patient was lost to follow-up, and three patients were asymptomatic and are currently being managed with close radiologic and clinical follow-up.CONCLUSION:Surgery is the standard,effective and successful treatment for esophageal GISTs.Longterm follow-up is required to monitor recurrence and metastasis.     

肺保护性通气策略对腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝合并GERD患者肺功能的影响研究

目的探讨采用肺保护性通气策略对腹腔镜下治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流患者(GERD)呼吸功能的影响。 方法前瞻性选取2014年4月至2017年10月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院行择期腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补术与胃底折叠术的80例患者作为研究对象,按照入院先后顺序分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用传统容量控制通气模式,按患者体重将潮气量设置为10 ml/kg,呼吸频率设置为12次/min;观察组采用肺保护性通气策略,按患者体重将潮气量设置为6 ml/kg,呼吸频率设置为16次/min,并给予5 cm H₂O呼气末正压通气。分别在气腹前(T₀)、气腹后2 h(T₁)、气腹后4 h(T₂)记录2组患者1次平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)。在T₀、T₁、T₂、手术后24 h(T₃)记录2组患者的肺顺应性(C)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR),并抽取血气,计算氧合指数(OI)。 结果在观察组和对照组中均发现,T₁和T₂组比T₀组的MAP、CVP和C高,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);相对T₀组,T₁和T₂组的HR、RR和OI指标均处于较高水平(均P<0.05)。另外,在同一时间段内,观察组在T₀、T₁、T₂和T₃时间HR、RR和OI指标均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),但MAP和CVP并未差异(均P>0.05)。 结论与传统容量控制通气模式相比,采用肺保护性通气策略可以改善腹腔镜下治疗食管裂孔疝合并GERD患者的呼吸功能。