牙源性上颌窦炎病因及诊断

牙源性上颌窦炎（OMS）是由牙源性感染和牙科手术等引起,多为单侧上颌窦炎,伴有鼻腔异味或有异常分泌物流出,且对传统上颌窦炎症治疗无效的一类疾病。认清上颌窦炎症的牙源性因素十分重要,如果仅仅治疗上颌窦疾病而忽略牙的诊治,会导致治疗失败。本文就OMS发病率、病因、临床表现及影像学检查作一综述,为其防治提供一定帮助。     

上颌窦分隔致牙源性上颌窦炎误诊1例

患者 ,中年女性。因左上后牙区肿痛 8个月 ,恶臭脓液溢出 6个月就诊。检查见 :左侧面部肿胀 ,左上第二、三磨牙前庭沟底可见一窦口 ,有稀薄、淡黄色脓液溢出 ,恶臭。X线根尖片示 :左上第二、三磨牙根尖骨质弥漫性破坏。瓦氏位片示 :左上颌窦后外侧壁缺损 ,窦壁模糊 ,窦腔致密影 ,下壁可见向外下突出的软组织影 ,较对侧密度高。印象左上颌窦癌可能。CT检查 :左侧上颌窦内密度增高 ,后外侧骨质破坏 ,窦腔末见扩大。印象 :左上颌窦占位性病变 ,恶性肿瘤可能性大。行上颌窦活检术。病理报告 :送检物为骨组织 ,周围有少许神经纤维 ,及较多淋巴…     

53例牙源性上颌窦炎功能性治疗和疗效评价

目的: 分析牙源性上颌窦炎治疗方法并评价其疗效,为临床诊治提供参考。方法: 回顾2011年1月—2020年12月于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院就诊的53例牙源性上颌窦炎(odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, OMS)患者的临床资料。采用去除各种牙源性病灶、保存窦黏膜和牙槽骨的功能性手术治疗OMS。应用Lund-Mackay评分法定量评价手术前、后上颌窦炎,采用SPSS 17.0软件包中的配对t检验比较手术前、后Lund-Mackay均值差异。另外,评估术后反应及术后并发症情况。结果: OMS常见病因为牙源性囊性病变 (49.05%)、根尖炎 (20.75%)、口腔-上颌窦瘘(16.98%) 和异物 (13.21%)。功能性手术后患者上颌窦炎恢复明显,Lund-Mackay评分术前为3.72±0.51,术后为0.05±0.32,评分显著下降 (P<0.001)。术后反应小,无严重并发症发生。结论: 治疗OMS应着重处理牙源性病灶,行功能性手术,保护上颌窦黏膜。     

牙源性上颌窦炎治疗进展

牙源性上颌窦炎不仅需要牙髓治疗、抗生素的应用,更多时候还需要手术配合。手术既包括患牙根尖切除术以及口腔-上颌窦瘘修补术,也包括传统或改良的Caldwell-Luc手术、鼻内镜等涉及上颌窦窦腔的手术。本文就牙源性上颌窦炎治疗的研究进展做一综述。     

乳磨牙根尖周炎伴牙源性上颌窦炎及眶下间隙感染1例

牙源性上颌窦炎及眶下间隙感染作为乳磨牙急性根尖周炎的并发症较罕见。如不及时治疗,可引起眶周蜂窝织炎、海绵窦血栓,甚至死亡。     

牙源性上颌窦炎的诊疗策略

因解剖关系密切,牙源性感染及口腔操作可引起上颌窦炎的发生.牙源性上颌窦炎约占所有上颌窦炎的40％,好发于40岁以上的中老年人;其诊治需考虑上颌窦炎及牙源性感染或刺激两个方面,涉及两个学科的交互,具有一定的难度.本文总结了牙源性上颌窦炎的发病机制及诊疗方法,同时简介了其他常见的上颌窦疾病,以期帮助口腔医生更好地分辨上颌窦...     

根尖周炎引起的牙源性上颌窦炎的治疗

目的:探讨根管治疗/根管再治疗治疗根尖周炎引起的牙源性上颌窦炎的可行性.方法:临床确诊的根尖周炎引起的牙源性上颌窦炎病例5例,根管治疗/根管再治疗3个月、6个月和12个月复查CBCT.结果:根管治疗/根管再治疗后5例临床病例临床症状消失,3个月和6个月CBCT显示5例临床病例根尖周、上颌窦底和上颌窦内变化不明显,12个...     

牙源性上颌窦炎17例回顾性分析

目的探讨上颌窦炎的病因、发病机制以及诊疗方法。方法回顾性分析17例牙源性上颌窦炎的临床资料及诊疗经过。结果慢性牙源性上颌窦炎15例,急性牙源性上颌窦炎2例。根尖周炎继发感染8例,根尖囊肿或颌骨囊肿继发感染5例,拔牙损伤继发感染2例,根管治疗突入上颌窦继发感染2例。行上颌窦根治术13例,上颌窦瘘修补术4例,17例手术效果良好,治愈出院。结论鉴于上颌窦底壁结构复杂,牙源性上颌窦炎的治疗具有一定的特殊性,鼻内镜在牙源性上颌窦炎手术治疗中的应用具有重要的临床意义。     

鼻内窥镜微创手术治疗牙源性上颌窦炎的临床观察

目的探讨慢性牙源性上颌窦炎应用鼻内窥镜手术的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析41例慢性牙源性上颌窦炎患者的临床资料，其中采用柯-陆氏手术治疗24例，采用鼻内窥镜下联合进路中鼻道上颌窦造口术17例，比较两种方法的治疗效果。结果采用柯一陆氏术式者面颊肿胀、面颊麻木、上牙槽酸痛的发生率分别是100．0％、37．5％、33.3％，鼻内窥镜手术组未见上述表现；柯-陆氏术式第一次手术拔牙率37．5％(9／24)，5例再次手术者均拔除患牙，总拔牙率58．3％(14．／24)，鼻内窥镜手术组拔牙率35．3％(6／17)，11例经根管治疗的牙齿保存良好；柯-陆氏手术组3年内复发率为37．5％(9／24)，而鼻内窥镜手术组术后3～6个月鼻道窦口复合体完全恢复通畅，随访1～3年未见复发。结论鼻内窥镜微创手术能最大限度减少上颌窦粘膜及骨质的损伤，利于术后恢复，在保留鼻窦正常生理功能、保存牙齿及减少复发率等方面明显优于传统的柯一陆氏手术。     

Odontogenic sinusitis: a comprehensive review

Odontogenic sinusitis (OS) is a highly prevalent, underappreciated and underdiagnosed disease that has been known for over 100 years. Apical periodontitis, periodontal disease and iatrogenic extrusion of foreign bodies into the sinus are the main causes of OS. Although the prevalence of sinus pathosis of dental origin is still controversial, otolaryngologists recognize that in the presence of recalcitrant sinusitis, a dental origin should be considered and properly treated. Currently, cone-beam computed tomography is the gold-standard imaging technique to assess the relationship between dental conditions, especially apical periodontitis and sinus diseases, and whenever this association is detected, patients should be seen by both a dentist and an otolaryngologist in order to achieve complete recovery. This article reviews the current concepts regarding the definitions, diagnosis and management of OS from a clinical point of view.     

上颌窦底与上颌磨牙牙根关系的锥形束CT研究

目的：应用锥形束CT分析上颌窦底与上颌磨牙牙根的关系,为临床治疗提供参考。方法：收集具备上颌后部锥形束CT扫描数据的患者资料,应用CT配套软件观察上颌窦底与上颌磨牙牙根的关系并测量上颌磨牙牙根与上颌窦底间距离。结果：共收集40例,男26名,女14名,平均年龄35.5岁（19～55岁）。12例牙根根尖与上颌窦底在同一水平;16例牙根根尖水平高于上颌窦底水平,平均距离为（3.62±0.52）mm;12例牙根根尖水平低于上颌窦底水平,平均距离（3.16±0.42）mm。在距离上颌窦底最近的牙根方面,上颌第一磨牙腭根最为多见（20/40）。结论：锥形束CT在判断上颌窦底与上颌磨牙牙根关系方面有较高应用价值。上颌窦底与上颌磨牙牙根关系密切,其中,与第一磨牙腭根关系最为密切,临床治疗中应预防上颌窦穿孔或上颌窦炎的发生。     

Global Prevalence of Maxillary Sinusitis of Odontogenic Origin and Associated Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

IntroductionThe overall prevalence of maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin (MSOO) is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of MSOO and verify associations between different odontogenic conditions and MSOO.MethodsSix electronic databases and the gray literature were searched on August 25, 2022. Two independent reviewers selected observational studies reporting the prevalence of MSOO and associated conditions in adults. Studies that did not use computed tomography for diagnosis were excluded. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies. Data were analyzed by proportion and association meta-analyses. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsThirty-eight studies were included in the qualitative analysis and thirty-one in the meta-analyses. Only 12 studies (31.6%) fulfilled all items of the methodological quality checklist. Overall, the studies reported prevalence measures per maxillary sinus or patient. Thus, the pooled prevalence of MSOO was 51% per sinus (95% confidence interval [CI] [40%–61%]) and 50% per patient (95% CI [41%–59%]). Apical lesion (odds ratio [OR]: 4.03, 95% CI [2.26–7.19]), periodontitis (OR: 5.49, 95% CI [2.27–13.24]), moderate (OR: 2.57, 95% CI [1.85–3.57]) and severe bone loss (OR: 13.80, 95% CI [2.81–67.85] were significantly associated with MSOO. The certainty of the evidence for the associations was very low.ConclusionsThe pooled prevalence of MSOO on computed tomography assessment was 51% per maxillary sinus and 50% per patient. Therefore, half of the maxillary sinusitis may be of odontogenic origin. Apical lesion, periodontitis, and moderate and severe bone loss were significantly associated with MSOO.     

上颌第三磨牙的根管治疗

目的：评估上颌第三磨牙根管治疗的临床技术特点及近期临床效果。方法：32例患牙髓炎症的上颌第三磨牙进行常规根管预备，标准牙胶尖侧向加压充填。术后x线评估根管充填质量。结果：32个病例中，适充25例，适充比例为78．12％，欠充7例，欠充比例为21．88％，没有超充病例。结论：常规根管治疗技术治疗上颌第三磨牙可以取得较好的临床效果。     

上颌第三磨牙根形态与根管形态的研究

目的：寻找上颌第三磨牙根形态及根管形态的规律。方法：使用传统的牙透明技术,充分显露该牙髓腔外形,在体式显微镜下读取根管系统的形态,并统计分类。结果：103颗上颌第三磨牙,融合根占72%,分叉根占28%;完全融合型牙根单根管（1-1型）多见,不完全融合牙根中双根管（2-2）和三根管（3-2;3-3）为主;分叉根型中近中颊根分为双管型常见;根尖分歧和根管侧枝在各型根管中均可见到。结论：上颌第三磨牙融合根常见,但根管形态多样。     

上颌第一、第二恒磨牙牙根和根管系统的锥形束CT研究

目的：运用锥形束CT（CBCT）观察中国人群双侧上颌第一、第二磨牙的牙根和根管系统的解剖形态,为临床根管治疗提供依据。方法：选择200名患者的双侧上颌第一、第二恒磨牙（上颌第一恒磨牙354颗、上颌第二恒磨牙360颗）的CBCT扫描数据,使用NNT软件分析上颌第一、第二恒磨牙的牙根数、根管数、根管分型以及双侧对称情况。结果：上颌第一、第二磨牙主要为三根（99.44%和84.44%）。上颌第二磨牙的单根和双根较多见（15.28%）,其根管系统形态复杂,在根尖区有融合趋势。上颌第一磨牙的根管系统主要为3根四根管（78.97%）。上颌第二磨牙的三根管和四根管发现率接近（分别为47.37%和51.64%）。上颌第一磨牙的近颊根管系统主要根管分型为：Ⅳ型（57.79%）、Ⅱ型（19.83%）和Ⅰ型（15.58%）。上颌第二磨牙的近颊根管系统主要根管分型为：Ⅰ型（48.14%）、Ⅳ型（30.43%）和Ⅱ型（17.39%）。上颌第一、第二磨牙的远颊根和腭根主要为单根单根管,存在少量和罕见的变异。上颌第一、第二磨牙近颊根的根管数目和根管分型左右对称。结论：上颌第一磨牙近颊根管系统变异普遍存在,MB2根管为其主要的变异形式。上颌第二磨牙牙根数目和根管形态变异类型多,单根牙和双根牙的根管走向复杂多变。CBCT可以为识别根管形态提供准确依据。     

锥体束CT对上颌第一磨牙近中颊根管形态的研究

目的：通过锥体束CT（cone--beam computed tomography,CBCT）成像系统分析上颌第一磨牙近中颊根根管形态及第二（second mesiobuccal,MB2）根管的发生率。方法：选择95名进行CBCT扫描的患者,共计180颗上颌第一磨牙,观察近颊根根管形态、MB2根管的发生率、左右侧发生比率及男女发生比率差异。结果：上颌第一磨牙近颊根管形态以Ⅲ型为主,MB2根管发生率为79．4％,左右侧发生比率无统计学差异（P=0．846）,男性发生率明显高于女性（P=0．043）。结论：上颌第一磨牙近颊根MB2根管的发生率较高,可通过CBCT有效的发现MB2根管,为临床诊疗提供依据。     

Maxillary first molar agenesis and other dental anomalies

Objective: To explore the association of maxillary first molar agenesis with other dental anomalies in Japanese orthodontic patients.Materials and Methods:A total of 32 subjects with one or two congenitally missing maxillary first molars (group M) were selected and divided into group 1M (12 subjects with one maxillary first molar missing) and group 2M (20 subjects with two maxillary first molars missing). As controls, 32 sex-matched subjects without agenesis of maxillary first molars were collected (group C). Panoramic and periapical radiographs, cephalograms, study models, intraoral photographs, and anamnestic data were used to identify anomalies of permanent teeth. Chi-square, Fisher''s exact, Kruskal-Wallis, and Steel-Dwass tests were used to make statistical comparisons.Results:The prevalence rates of tooth agenesis other than the maxillary first molars and advanced tooth agenesis, with third molars excluded, were significantly higher in group 2M than in group C. The absence of second premolars was most common. The prevalence rate of third molar agenesis was significantly higher in groups 1M and 2M than in group C. The occurrence of symmetrical agenesis of the mandibular third molars was particularly notable in group 2M as compared to group 1M, in which maxillary third molar agenesis was predominant. There was no significant association between maxillary first molar agenesis and other dental anomalies, except for agenesis of teeth other than maxillary first molars.Conclusion:Agenesis of maxillary first molars is associated with a higher prevalence of other permanent tooth agenesis and advanced tooth agenesis.