结肠黑变病伴结肠息肉的临床分析

目的 探讨结肠黑变病与结肠息肉甚至癌变的关系.方法 对经结肠镜检出的60例结肠黑便病患者的一般资料、镜下表现及病理进行回顾性分析.结果 结肠黑变病伴发结肠息肉较非结肠黑变病伴发结肠息肉的发生率明显增高,两组息肉大小无显著性差异,两组息肉病理分型无统计学意义.结论 及时进行结肠镜检查发现和切除息肉是防止结肠黑变病合并结肠息肉甚至癌变的重要手段.     

结肠黑变病与年龄、性别、息肉关系的研究

对78例结肠黑变病患者进行分析,探讨结肠黑变病的发病率与性别、年龄、结肠息肉的关系,结果显示:结肠黑变病的发生率与性别无明显相关性(P>0.05),与年龄关系显著(P<0.05).黑变病60岁以上男性、女性息肉检出率明显增高,定期的肠镜随访是非常必要的.     

老年人结肠黑变病临床特点

[目的]探讨老年结肠黑变病患者的临床特点。[方法]选取经结肠镜、病理学诊断的结肠黑变病患者49例,其中≥60岁者(老年组)37例,60岁者(中青年组)12例,对2组的临床特点进行分析。[结果]老年组与中青年组性别、便秘病程、服用便秘药物时间、吸烟方面比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而结肠疾病史、2型糖尿病病史相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。49例中随访17例,1年内复查电子结肠镜示5例黏膜黑变程度减轻,12例肠黏膜黑变程度未见明显减轻,所有随访患者结肠息肉发生率无明显升高,未发现肿瘤新生物。[结论]结肠黑变病患者好发于老年人,尤其见于长期便秘、服用泻药并吸烟的男性患者,不论有无结肠疾病史,结肠镜检查中注意观察有无结肠黑变病、并长期随访,对结肠病变的早期诊治有积极作用。     

CT仿真结肠镜在结直肠病变诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨评估CT仿真结肠镜(CT Virtual Colonscopy,CTVC)在结肠息肉、结肠癌、溃疡性结肠炎、结肠黑变病中的检出能力，初步评阶其在结直肠病灶中的临床应用前景。方法对44例病人行CTVC检查，并与全结肠镜、病理结果进行对比研究。结果CTVC对结肠癌、结肠息肉具有较高辨别力，成功检出了全部10例结肠癌，并得到病理证实。10mm以上结直肠息肉CTVC与结肠镜都做出了正确诊断，CTVC发现5～10mm息肉14枚，＜5mm息肉CTVC仅发现2枚；CCTV发现2例。溃疡性结肠炎，结肠黑变病未检出。结论CTVC在结直肠癌和＞5mm以上结直肠息肉样病变诊断上具有较高的临床应用价值。     

大肠黑变病的临床及内镜特征分析

目的探讨大肠黑变病的临床特点、内镜表现、病理特征等。方法总结23 596例接受结肠镜检查的患者中发现大肠黑变病患者的病例资料,对患者的临床特点、内镜表现及病理特征等进行分析。结果共发现大肠黑变病715例,检出率3.03%,其中男性检出率2.86%,女性检出率3.17%,女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);其中老年组患者占67.1%,中青年组患者占32.9%,中年组明显高于青年组(P0.05);病变多累及1个或多个肠段,左半结肠和右半结肠发生率较高;193(27.0%)例伴有大肠腺瘤,68(9.51%)例伴有结肠癌;401(56.1%)例患者有便秘,358(50.1%)例有服用泻药史。结论大肠黑变病的发病率与文献报道基本一致,女性高于男性,病变多位于左半结肠和右半结肠;大肠黑变病与结肠腺瘤和结肠癌可能有相关性,其发病与便秘和服用蒽醌类泻药有关。     

结肠黑变病与年龄、性别关系的研究

本文报告2457例结肠镜检查中发现结肠黑变病58例(2.36%)。其中男性患者检出率,老年组明显高于青年和中年组(p 均<0.01),而青年与中年组之间无显著差别(p>0.05);女性患者检出率,不同年龄组之间无显著差别。在青年组中,女性患者检出率明显高于男性,而中、老年患者检出率不同性别之间无明显差别(p 均>0.05)。     

胃息肉和结肠息肉的相关性分析

目的探讨胃息肉和结肠息肉的出现是否存在相关性,及息肉的出现与年龄的相关性。方法对三峡大学第一临床医学院近两年多来,在同一年中同时做胃镜和结肠镜,且胃和结肠2个部位中至少1个部位有息肉的患者(544例)进行统计分析;同时,对行消化内镜检查的患者按年龄分为青年组(≤35岁)、中年组(36~59岁)、老年组(≥60岁),比较不同年龄组患者息肉的检出率。结果胃息肉的患者中结肠息肉的检出率(15.17%)与结肠息肉总检出率(16.55%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.684);结肠息肉的患者中胃息肉的检出率(5.46%)与胃息肉总检出率(5.68%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.987),但不同年龄段患者息肉检出率中,老年组明显高于中年组和青年组(P0.01)。结论本研究中,胃息肉和结肠息肉的出现在统计学上未发现其存在相关性,但息肉的检出率有随着年龄增长增高的趋势。     

985例结直肠癌筛查高危人群肠息肉临床特征分析

背景:结直肠息肉为消化道的常见疾病,与结直肠癌的发生、发展关系密切。目的:探讨结直肠癌筛查高危人群中肠息肉的临床特点。方法:选取2013年4月—2014年12月粪便隐血试验阳性或结直肠癌高危因素调查表评价存在高危因素并在上海市第一人民医院分院接受结肠镜检查的虹口区社区居民。分析结直肠息肉的检出率、不同性别人群、年龄段的特征,以及结直肠息肉的发病部位、形态、病理类型等特点。结果:共985例息肉患者纳入本研究,息肉总体检出率为48.7%,男性检出率明显高于女性(58.7%对38.9%;χ~2=79.788,P0.01)。不同年龄段息肉检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=23.820,P0.01)。左半结肠息肉检出率明显高于右半结肠(62.4%对37.6%,χ~2=190.643,P0.01)。隆起型息肉0-Ⅰ的总体检出率94.5%,平坦型息肉0-Ⅱa为48.3%。腺瘤性息肉检出率高于非腺瘤性息肉(59.3%对47.1%,χ~2=27.326,P0.01)。119例患者的两次病理结果不一致。仅17.8%息肉摘除者术后行结肠镜随访,其中62.3%息肉复发。结论:结直肠癌筛查高危人群有较高的结直肠息肉发生率,高质量的结肠镜检查和及时有效的手术可降低结直肠癌的发生。     

老年人与中青年人大肠不同肠段息肉与腺瘤检出率相关性分析

[目的]探讨老年人及中青年人大肠中不同肠段的息肉检出率与腺瘤检出率之间的关系,为个体内镜医师改善不同肠段的结肠镜检查效率提供数据支持。[方法]回顾性分析9名个体内镜医师2013年1月~2013年6月共进行的2 419例结肠镜检查及病理资料,其中老年组（≥60岁）453例,中青年人组（〈60岁）1 966例;按照不同年龄、不同肠段分别计算9名内镜医师平均息肉检出率和腺瘤检出率,并使用皮尔逊相关系数（r）比较息肉检出率与腺瘤检出率之间的相关性。[结果]老年组平均息肉、腺瘤检出率（53.9%、30.1%）均高于中青年组平均息肉、腺瘤检出率（38.5%、19.5%）。与右半结肠比较,中青年组左半结肠各肠段的息肉检出率与腺瘤检出率更具良好的相关性。老年组回盲部（r=0.66,P〈0.05）、乙状结肠（r=0.77,P〈0.05）及直肠（r=0.47,P〈0.05）的息肉检出率与腺瘤检出率相关性较低;老年组左半结肠的腺瘤检出率（21.8%）与近端结肠（20.3%）无明显差别。[结论]我们应该提高对大肠不同肠段息肉、腺瘤检出率的关注程度;应适当放宽老年人进行结肠镜检查的适应证,提倡老年人尽量进行结肠镜检查,减少腺瘤性息肉癌变的机会,并加强老年人结肠镜检查质量。     

结肠黑变病37例临床分析

结肠黑变病属结肠非炎症性疾病，为结肠固有膜内吞噬细胞含有脂褐素样物质的粘膜色素沉着性疾病。我们1998-11/2004-11行结肠镜检查并经病理组织活检证实为结肠黑变病37例，现分析报告如下。     

Is gastric cancer a new indication for surveillance colonoscopy? Colon cancer is increased in gastric cancer patients]

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It has been reported that the risk of gastric polyp is increased in various colonic polyposis syndromes or in series of patients with sporadic colonic polyps. However, there are only a few large case controlled studies of colon cancer incidence in gastric cancer patients who underwent colonoscopy. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of colorectal neoplasm and to evaluate the necessity of colonoscopic surveillance in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: We performed colonoscopy in 105 patients with gastric cancer who agreed to undergo colonoscopy before or after 6 months from gastric resection between January 2002 and December 2004 in Kangbuk Samsung hospital. As a control group, 269 consecutive, age and sex matched patients without gastric neoplasm on gastroscopy who underwent colonoscopy within 6 months for the evaluation of various gastrointestinal symptoms during the year 2004 were included. Endoscopic reports and pathological results were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: In the patient group, adenomatous polyps were diagnosed in 24/105 patients (22.9%) and colorectal adenocarcinoma in 10/105 patients (9.5%). In the control group, adenomatous polyps were diagnosed in 78/269 patients (29.0%) and colorectal adenocarcinoma in 2/269 patients (0.7%). The incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma between the patient group and control group showed significant differences (odds ratio 11.04, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma increases significantly in patients with gastric cancer. We suggest that the patients with gastric cancer might carry a high risk for colorectal cancer whom require surveillance colonoscopy.     

老年便秘患者350例肠镜结果分析

目的探讨老年便秘患者和内镜下发现的肠道疾病之间的关系。方法归纳上海中医药大学附属曙光医院2009年7月至2013年7月350例老年便秘病例的结肠镜结果,结合老年便秘患者病程、性别并归纳分析镜下肠道疾病的分布特点。结果350例老年便秘病例肠道疾病发现率高达60．86％,相关大肠疾病发病率依次为结直肠炎（26．86％）、结肠黑变病（13．14％）、肠息肉（12．00％）、结直肠癌（6．57％）、炎症性肠病（1．14％）、结肠憩室（0．57％）、肠结核（0．29％）、毛细血管扩张症（0．29％）。男性便秘病例肠息肉、结直肠癌检出率高于女性（P〈0．05）。便秘病程〉5年组结肠黑变病发生率较高（P〈0．05）。结论老年人便秘的最主要病因是结直肠疾病,尽早行结肠镜检查,明确病因,对症治疗,是提高老年人生活质量的关键。     

A retrospective study of histopathological findings in 894 cases of megacolon: what is the relationship between megacolon and colonic cancer?

Patients with megaesophagus (ME) have increased prevalence of cancer of the esophagus. In contrast, a higher incidence of colorectal cancer is not observed in patients with megacolon (MC). MC is very common in some regions of Brazil, where it is mainly associated with Chagas disease. We reviewed the pathology records of surgical specimens of all patients submitted for surgical resection of MC in the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir?o Preto (HC-FMRP), from the University of S?o Paulo. We found that 894 patients were operated from 1952 until 2001 for MC resection. Mucosal ulcers, hyperplasia and chronic inflammation were frequently found, while polyps were uncommon. No patients with MC presented any type of colonic neoplasm. This observation reinforces the hypothesis that MC has a negative association with cancer of the colon. This seems to contradict the traditional concept of carcinogenesis in the colon, since patients with MC presents important chronic constipation that is thought to cause an increase in risk for colon cancer. MC is also associated with other risk factors for cancer of colon, such as hyperplasia, mucosal ulcers and chronic inflammation. In ME these factors lead to a remarkable increase in cancer risk. The study of mucosal cell proliferation in MC may provide new insights and useful information about the role of constipation in colonic carcinogenesis.     

Difference in the prevalence of advanced colon adenoma between patients with gastric neoplasm and healthy people: A STROBE-compliant study

We compared the prevalence of adenoma and cancerous colon polyps in patients undergoing endoscopic removal or gastric surgery for gastric adenoma or gastric cancer and in healthy individuals.The medical records of 707 patients with gastric neoplasm and 798 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were retrospectively analyzed between January 2010 and July 2018. The clinicopathological characteristics, prevalence of colorectal neoplasm diagnosed by colonoscopy, and risk factors for colorectal polyps were also investigated.When comparing the two groups, the prevalence of overall colorectal polyps and its distribution was not different between the two groups (54.0% vs.49.5%, P = .079), whereas, the number of colon polyps (1.20 ± 1.71 vs 0.99 ± 1.54, P = .015) and the maximal size (3.53 ± 6.14 vs 2.08 ± 2.88, P < .001) were significantly larger in the gastric neoplasm group. The prevalence of advanced colon adenoma was significantly higher in the gastric neoplasm group (10.7% vs 3.8%, P < .001). Risk factors such as elevated glucose levels and the presence of gastric neoplasm were related to the prevalence of all colon polyps. The presence of gastric neoplasm is an important risk factor for advanced colon polyps.Patients with gastric neoplasms had a significantly higher prevalence of advanced colon adenoma. Advanced colon adenoma is associated with the chain from benign adenomas through malignant altered adenomas to advanced colon cancer. Thus, patients with gastric neoplasm are regarded as a high-risk group for colorectal cancer and are recommended for screening colonoscopy at the time of diagnosis.     

幽门螺杆菌与结肠腺瘤相关性的研究

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌感染（Helicobacter pylori, H.pylori）和结肠腺瘤的关系。 方法选取2014年1月至2015年5月就诊于我院有消化道症状或无症状体检患者,经结肠镜检查及病理证实为结肠腺瘤患者200例,无结肠腺瘤患者200例作为对照组,两组患者均行¹³C尿素呼气试验检查是否存在幽门螺杆菌感染,统计结果采用卡方检验,P<0.05时认为差异有统计学意义。 结果H.pylori感染合并结肠腺瘤的患者比例少于对照组,但两组数据比较差异无统计学意义。 结论H.pylori感染与结肠腺瘤的发生无明显相关性。     

Clinical application of computed tomography virtual colography

OBJECTIVE : To investigate the computed tomography (CT) virtual colographic features of colonic polyps, colorectal cancer, diverticula, ulcerative colitis and other benign colonic lesions. Also, to assess the value of this method in the diagnosis of colorectal lesions. METHODS : Computed tomography colography was performed in 37 patients (26 male, 11 female) suffering from the following conditions: 20 colonic adenomas, six colon cancers, four diverticula, five ulcerative colitis and one each of melanosis coli and amyloidosis. The data from CT scanning were processed by computer with specific software and the colonic lesions were evaluated with 2‐ or 3‐D images, depending on the individual software. RESULTS : Seventeen cases of colonic adenoma, six colon cancers, four diverticula and two cases of ulcerative colitis were detected by using CT colography. However, melanosis coli and amyloidosis of the colon were not detected. CONCLUSION : Computed tomography colography can detect all colonic polyps of 0.5 cm in diameter or larger, colon cancer, diverticula and some ulcerative colitis successfully. It is quick, minimally invasive and able to be tolerated well. It has the potential to become an effective radiological tool in diagnosing colonic lesions.     

Accuracy of colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal polyps

The findings at colonoscopy were compared with the pathologic findings of the surgical specimen in 235 patients who underwent a colon resection for a primary colorectal neoplasm from January 1980 to December 1987 at Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Seven patients (3 percent) were found to have synchronous primary colon carcinomas, and 100 patients (43 percent) were found to have synchronous adenomatous polyps identified by colonoscopy and/or pathology. In patients with polyps 10 mm or greater in diameter, the findings on colonoscopy agreed with the pathology report 96 percent of the time. When polyps of all sizes were included, with many less than 5 mm in diameter, colonoscopy agreed with the pathology in 89 percent of patients. When only the area of the colon resected was used to determine the ability of colonoscopy to locate polyps, 58 percent of polyps of all sizes were located. The majority of the missed polyps were adjacent to a carcinoma. One cecal carcinoma was not seen by colonoscopy because of technical inabilities to reach the cecum. A second carcinoma (20 mm × 17 mm) was not seen at the splenic flexure.     

Predictive value of morphologic characteristics in rectosigmoid adenomatous polyps for the probability of synchronous polyps or cancer in the proximal colon.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Sigmoidoscopy is performed more frequently than colonoscopy, especially for screening purposes and searching for colorectal neoplasm. The necessity of colonoscopy in patients with an adenoma ofor=11 mm) polyps. These groups were compared regarding the presence of proximal adenoma and advanced proximal neoplasia (>10 mm adenoma and/or villous histology and/or high grade dysplasia or cancer). Polyps found in the rectum and sigmoid colon were considered as distal polyps and polyps other than these were considered as proximal polyps. RESULTS: In this study, of 1124 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy between April 1997 and January 2002, 184 (16%) had 258 adenomatous polyps in the rectosigmoid area. The polyps were diminutive (or=11 mm) in 33 patients. Forty-one of the patients (39%) with diminutive polyps, 20 of the patients (43%) with small polyps and 19 of the patients (57%) with large polyps had neoplasm in the proximal bowel. In these patients, advanced proximal neoplasm was found in 8 (8%), in 6 (13%) and in 11 (33%), respectively. There was no difference regarding the presence of neoplasm in the proximal colon between these groups. The rate of advanced proximal neoplasm was found to be significantly higher in the group with large polyps in the rectosigmoid area than in the groups with small and diminutive polyps (p<0.05). In 104 patients (57%) with polyp(s) in rectum and sigmoid colon, no associated polyp or cancer was encountered in the proximal colon. CONCLUSION: Colonoscopy is indicated when adenomatous polyp, regardless of size, is found on rectosigmoidoscopy performed because of symptoms.     

Colorectal neoplasia in Asia: a multicenter colonoscopy survey in symptomatic patients

BACKGROUND: The incidence of colorectal cancer is rising rapidly in some Asian countries. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and the distribution of colorectal neoplasm in Asian populations. DESIGN: A multicenter colonoscopy survey. PATIENTS: Between July 2004 and April 2005, consecutive symptomatic patients undergoing colonoscopic examinations in 10 different Asian countries. SETTING: The location and the histologic features of all colonic neoplasms were recorded. Advanced neoplasm was defined as adenoma larger than 10 mm in size, with >25% villous features or with high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The prevalence and the distribution of colorectal neoplasm and advanced neoplasm. RESULTS: A total of 5464 eligible patients underwent colonoscopy. Advanced neoplasm was found in 512 patients (9.4%). Factors associated with the presence of advanced neoplasm in this symptomatic Asian population included male sex (relative risk [RR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.84), older age (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06), and ethnicity (P = .001). Advanced proximal neoplasm was detected in 136 patients (2.5%); 83 (61.0%) of the patients had normal distal colon. The RR of proximal advanced neoplasm was 2.5, 95% CI 1.7-3.7 in those with any adenoma in the distal colon compared with those with normal distal colon. LIMITATIONS: Possible underrepresentation of some ethnic groups because of uneven ethnic group distribution and the lack of population-based registry. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first multicenter colonoscopy survey that examined the characteristics of colorectal neoplasm in Asia. The results will have important implications on the planning for future colorectal cancer screening in this region.     

Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study

BACKGROUND: Anthranoid laxatives are the most commonly used purgatives in the therapy of acute and chronic constipation. Recent experimental data and a prospective cohort study provide evidence of a possible risk of anthranoid use for the development of colorectal neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective case control study at the University of Erlangen to investigate the risk of anthranoid laxative use for the development of colorectal adenomas or carcinomas. A total of 202 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal carcinomas, 114 patients with adenomatous polyps, and 238 patients (controls) with no colorectal neoplasms who had been referred for total colonoscopy were studied. The use of anthranoid preparations was assessed by standardised interview, and endoscopically visible or microscopic melanosis coli was studied by histopathological examination. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant risk of anthranoid use for the development of colorectal adenomas (unadjusted odds ratio 1.0; 95% CI 0.5-1.9) or carcinomas (unadjusted odds ratio 1.0; 95% CI 0.6-1.8). Even after adjustment for the risk factors age, sex, and blood in the stools by logistic regression analysis the odds ratio for adenomas was 0.84 (95% CI 0. 4-1.7) and for carcinomas 0.93 (95% CI 0.5-1.7). Also, there were no differences between the patient and control groups for duration of intake. Macroscopic and high grade microscopic melanosis coli were not significant risk factors for the development of adenomas or carcinomas. CONCLUSION: Neither anthranoid laxative use, even in the long term, nor macroscopic or marked microscopic melanosis coli were associated with any significant risk for the development of colorectal adenoma or carcinoma.