重视心理因素与功能性胃肠疾病关系的研究

在现代社会竞争激烈的环境下,心理障碍在人群中的发病日益增多。在消化科门诊患者中近40%为功能性胃肠病(FGIDs),而流行病学调查显示FGIDs患者中约42%～61%伴有心理障碍,明显高于普通人群和其他器质性疾病[1]。功能性消化不良(FD)和肠易激综合征(IBS)是FGIDs中常见疾病。国内外研究均已表明,负性生活事件、性格内向、焦虑或抑郁状态等均与IBS有高度相关性。调研也显示,普通人群和FD患者中的抑郁或焦虑发生率分别占9.1%和54.2%,心理因素是FD的独立危险因子。神经胃肠病学的发展为FGIDs患者心理障碍的认识提供了坚实的理论依据。…     

非侵入性儿童幽门螺旋杆菌感染检测方法及应用研究进展

正1982年澳大利亚Warren和Marshall首次从胃镜活检标本中分离出幽门螺旋杆菌[1],国际癌症研究中心于1994年将幽门螺旋杆菌列为Ⅰ类致癌因素[2]。有研究表明,幽门螺旋杆菌感染与多种消化道疾病相关,如慢性胃炎、十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡、非溃疡性消化不良、胃癌及胃黏膜相关性淋巴瘤等,也是胃部以外其他疾病的重要病因[3]。研究表明,儿童感染幽门螺旋杆菌如未能及时发现并进行相应的治疗,将严重危害患儿健     

3种常见上消化道疾病的临床症状特点比较

消化科门诊患者以腹痛、腹胀、嗳气、反酸、恶心呕吐、烧灼感等症状就诊的很多,常见的疾病有十二指肠球部溃疡(duodenal ulcer,DU)、慢性胃炎(chronic gastritis,CG)和功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD),但从症状上难以明确诊断,而3种疾病的临床症状有何特点,到底症状对临床诊断有多大帮助,我们将通过问卷调查试图从症状上找到三者之间的差异。1资料与方法1.1调查对象从2005年7月至10月在我科门诊接受内镜检查的患者中选取DU、CG、FD各65例。获得患者知情同意,文化程度在初中水平以上。DU为内镜下诊断为活动性溃疡,采用日本内…     

慢性胃炎与消化不良认识历程的回顾

简要、系统地回顾了国内外有关慢性胃炎分类、国外功能性胃肠病(FGID)中功能性消化不良(FD)罗马标准、国内历次有关FD诊治流程、指南或共识、HP根除适应证的变化、FD与非溃疡性消化不良(NUD)概念以及FD与器质性消化不良(OD)界限,并对其重点内容做了简单介绍,对部分内容作者提出了自己的观点和评价。     

要重视"腹胀"的诊断

腹胀是功能性胃肠道疾病(FGIDs)患者的一种常见症状,腹胀具有概念模糊、诊断模糊、发生率高、治疗困难等诸多特点。在目前临床实践中,"早饱"常常被作为腹胀诊断的指标,在罗马Ⅲ诊断标准中,有"早饱"的腹胀属于功能性胃十二指肠疾病中的功能性消化不良(FD)。有文献认为,FD的发病与胃感觉障碍、胃动力障碍密切相关。实际上现有资料提示,胃感觉障碍不能解释FD患者的"早饱"型腹胀症状,同时胃动力障碍也仅可能与一小部分FD患者的"早饱"型腹胀有关。相反,与围进食期有关的胃-结肠反射和头期效应的功能障碍却能解释涵盖各个时相的"早饱"型腹胀。因此,无论有无"早饱",腹胀与结肠功能紊乱的关系比与胃十二指肠功能紊乱的关系更为密切。明确腹胀的诊断,是为了对腹胀做更精准的诊治。另外,情绪障碍通常是功能性腹胀的病因,治疗时要注意对情绪障碍和FGIDs症状作联合治疗。     

根除幽门螺旋杆菌对功能性消化不良的影响

目的 观察中西药结合根除幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)治疗功能性消化不良(FD)的临床疗效.方法 将Hp阳性FD病人108例随机分为两组,治疗组采用六味安消胶囊加标准三联抗Hp疗法治疗Hp阳性FD病人,对照组仅采用六味安消胶囊加雷贝拉唑治疗.结果 治疗组根除率82.7%,症状改善率及半年持续症状缓解率均优于对照组.结论 Hp阳性FD病人采用中西药结合方法根除Hp治疗,症状明显改善.     

焦虑与功能性消化不良48例分析

功能性消化不良(function dyspepsia, FD)是一常见的综合征。本文通过焦虑量表记问法评定和分析,试图探求焦虑与功能性消化不良两者关系,以期正确合理的治疗。 1 临床资料 1.1 资料与方法 门诊收治功能性消化不良患者48例,均符合汪鸿志提出的功能性消化不良临床诊断标准,即:①上腹痛、腹胀、早饱、嗳气、返酸、烧心、恶心、呕吐等上腹部症状超过4周;②内镜检查未发现溃疡、糜烂、肿瘤等器质性病变,未发现食管炎,也无上述疾病     

功能性消化不良病理生理机制研究进展

功能性消化不良(FD)是临床最常见的功能性胃肠疾病,其发病机制尚不清楚,目前多数研究认为FD的发病可能与胃动力紊乱、胃酸分泌异常、幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染、胃肠激素、精神心理因素等密切相关。近年来脑肠轴以及其相关的胃肠激素在FD发病机制中的作用备受关注。本文就近年来有关FD的病理及生理发病机制的研究进行综述。     

临床医师应该掌握功能性胃肠病的诊断

前言随着B超、消化道内镜、血管造影及核素检查等技术的不断发展,绝大多数的食管、胃、小肠、大肠以及肝、胆、胰腺等消化系统脏器的疾病都间接或直接得以明确诊断。然而,临床上常可见到一些主诉较多但用现有诊断技术不能发现其消化系统组织结构改变及生物化学异常的患者,这类疾病被归为“功能性胃肠病(FGIDs)”,主要有功能性消化不良(FD)、肠易激综合征(IBS)、功能性便秘(FC)等。事实上,这类患者远多于消化系统器质性疾病患者,其生活质量受到严重影响。随着消化道功能诊断手段从研究逐渐走向临床,国内外学者对这类疾病的诊断有了较全…     

功能性胃肠病的心身健康管理

功能性胃肠病(FGIDs)是一组肠-脑互动异常的心身疾病,包括食管疾病、功能性消化不良和肠易激综合征等,引起多种消化系统症状。FGIDs患者往往没有相关的器质性病变或不能用器质性疾病来解释症状,并受心理、社会因素影响,因此推荐从生物-心理-社会模式去理解、分析和治疗。该文从心身健康管理的角度阐述了FGIDs治疗的五大处方,即药物、运动、饮食、心理(含睡眠)和行为(戒烟限酒)。     

幽门螺杆菌血清分型与上消化道疾病的关系

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori,Hp or H.pylori)分型与消化道不同疾病的关系。方法 入选198例Hp阳性的胃镜检查患者，采用免疫印迹法进行Hp的血清学分型，并取胃窦黏膜经HE染色观察胃窦黏膜病理组织学变化。结果 198例患者中检出HpI型菌株173例(87．4％)，Ⅱ型菌株25例(12．6％)。I型较II型Hp感染者胃镜下消化性溃疡、胃癌的比例更高，P=0.012；与胃炎组比较，十二指肠球部溃疡组、胃癌组的I型感染者更高（P值分别为0.026、0.048），而与胃溃疡组无显著差别(P=0.125)。病理组织学改变I型较II型Hp感染者的结果更为严重（P=0.038）。结论 临床上消化道疾病患者Hp感染以I型菌株最为多见。Hp感染的分型诊断有助于对胃、十二指肠疾病类型及病情的判断，I型菌株感染者需要更为积极的治疗。     

Ulcers and gastritis

This article reviews recently published reports on ulcers and gastritis. Helicobacter pylori is known to be an important pathogen involved in gastroduodenal inflammation and peptic ulcers. Conventional endoscopy is of limited usefulness in the evaluation of gastritis, but magnifying endoscopy is evidently helpful in the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and H. pylori infection. A significant reduction in the incidence of refractory ulcers and the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease followed the introduction of H. pylori eradication treatment. Chronic H. pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer, and the effect of H. pylori eradication on the prevention of gastric cancer is an important issue that is still a matter of controversy. Endoscopic hemostasis and intravenous proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) infusion represent a widely accepted approach to the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding. In clinical practice, it is important to prevent recurrent bleeding and to treat patients who do not respond to endoscopic therapy or PPI treatment. Laparoscopic repair for peptic ulcer perforations, with postoperative eradication treatment, has gradually met with acceptance in patients with H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection and its treatment continue to be interesting problems in this field.     

Helicobacter pylori associated antral gastritis in peptic ulcer disease patients and normal healthy population of kashmir, India

Aim: To study the association of Helicobacter pylori infection with chronic antral gastritis in peptic ulcer disease patients and healthy population of Kashmir.Methods: 50 peptic ulcer patients (duodenal ulcer = 46, gastric ulcer = 2 and combined duodenal and gastric ulcer = 2) and 30 asymptomatic healthy volunteers were included in this study. Peptic ulcer was diagnosed on endoscopic examination. 4-6 punch biopsies were taken from gastric antrum in all the individuals and in case of gastric ulcer an additional biopsy was taken from the edge of the ulcer to exclude its malignant nature. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) organism was diagnosed using three different test methods, viz. Histology (using Giemsa Stain), Microbiology (Gram Stain) and Biochemistry (using one minute Endoscopy Room Test). Histological diagnosis of H. pylori was taken as the "gold standard" for the presence of H. pylori organism. Histological diagnosis of gastritis was made using Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain and the gastritis was classified as active chronic gastritis and superficial chronic gastritis.Results: Out of 30 peptic ulcer disease patients with associated antral gastritis, 27 (90%) were positive for H. pylori on histological examination (13 superficial chronic gastritis and 14 active chronic gastritis) whereas out of 8 healthy volunteers with histological evidence of chronic antral gastritis, H. pylori was observed in 7 individuals (87.50%) (4 active chronic gastritis and 3 superficial chronic gastritis).Conclusion: A highly significant association between H. pylori infection with chronic antral gastritis both in peptic ulcer disease patients and healthy volunteers of Kashmir was found in this study. Association between H. pylori infection and chronic gastritis was 90% in peptic ulcer group and 87.50% in healthy population (P<0.005).     

老年人消化性溃疡与慢性萎缩性胃炎的相关性研究

目的研究老年人消化性溃疡与慢性萎缩性胃炎的相关性。方法对十二指肠溃疡（DU）、胃溃疡（GU）和复合性溃疡（CU）的老年患者胃窦、胃窦胃体交界处和胃体黏膜以及慢性胃炎（CG）患者胃窦黏膜活检标本进行组织学检查,统计各自胃黏膜的萎缩、肠化生、慢性炎症、活动性和幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的发生率。结果 DU患者胃窦、胃窦胃体交界处和胃体黏膜的萎缩发生率分别为54.0%、8.0%和16.0%,肠化生发生率分别为19.0%、6.0%和4.0%。其胃窦黏膜肠化生的发生率明显低于相应的GU、CU或CG者。3种消化性溃疡和CG患者均存在胃窦部慢性炎症,且老年消化性溃疡患者胃体部炎症的发生率较高,其胃炎活动性以胃窦部为主,且均较CG者高。结论老年人消化性溃疡均可有胃窦部灶性萎缩和肠化生发生,但DU胃窦黏膜肠化发生率最低,这可能是老年DU患者罹患胃癌危险性较低的原因之一。     

广州地区消化道疾病患者中H.pylori ureA和vacA s1基因及cagA基因亚型分布

目的 分析研究广州地区消化道疾病患者中H.pylori ureA、vacA s1基因和cagA基因亚型(ABC、ABD、ABAB、AAD等)的分布状况及其与胃黏膜病理检测结果间的相关性.方法 随机选取227例消化道疾病患者的胃黏膜标本,分别来自病理组织学检测无病理改变者46例,慢性胃炎130例,消化性溃疡29例,萎缩性胃炎15例,胃癌7例.并用实时荧光定量PCR检测H.pylori ureA基因、vacA s1基因,用PCR扩增cagA羧基端EPIYA基序所在区,然后测序确定其亚型.以保守基因ureA的存在判断H.pylori感染.结果 227例消化道疾病患者中,有50.7% (115/227)的患者H.pylori阳性,其中,vacA s1基因阳性91.3%(105/115),cagA基因阳性78.3%(90/115).4种cagA-EPIYA亚型分布为,ABC 17.8%(16/90)、ABD 78.9%(71/90)、AAD 2.2%(2/90)、ABAB 1.1%(1/90).无病理改变组中H.pylori 阳性32.6%(15/46),vacA s1基因阳性28.3%(13/46),cagA基因阳性26.1%(12/46);慢性胃炎组H.pylori 阳性48.5%(63/130),vacA s1基因阳性43.8%(57/130),cagA基因阳性36.2%(47/130);溃疡组H.pylori 阳性72.4%(21/29),vacA s1基因阳性65.5%(19/29),cagA基因阳性55.2%(16/29);萎缩性胃炎组H.pylori 阳性66.7%(10/15),vacA s1基因阳性66.7%(10/15),cagA基因阳性66.7%(10/15);胃癌组H.pylori阳性85.7%(6/7),vacA s1基因阳性85.7%(6/7),cagA基因阳性71.4%(5/7).H.pylori在不同胃黏膜病理组的分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.72;P<0.01),溃疡、萎缩性胃炎、胃癌组中H.pylori的分布明显高于无病理改变与炎症组(χ2=16.02;P<0.01).但在H.pylori阳性患者中,强毒力因子vacA s1基因(χ2=2.00;P=0.74)、cagA基因(χ2=3.44;P=0.49)及cagA-EPIYA亚型(χ2=3.66;P=0.45)在无病理改变、炎症、溃疡、萎缩性胃炎及胃癌组中的分布差异均无统计学意义.结论 广州消化道疾病患者中H.pylori的感染与胃黏膜病理改变显著相关,而广州地区消化道疾病患者中H.pylori高毒力亚型的强致病性并不明显,需扩大标本量,再细化疾病种类进一步分析高毒力H.pylori对胃肠道疾病发生的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the distribution of H.pylori ureA, vacA s1 gene and cagA subtype(ABC, ABD, ABAB, AAD, et al) in patients with digestive diseases in Guangzhou and investigate the relationship with the pathological findings of gastric mucosa.Methods A total of 227 randomly selected gastric mucosa from patients with digestive diseases were enrolled in the research, including 46 without pathological changes, 130 with chronic gastritis, 29 with peptic ulcer, 15 with atrophic gastritis and 7 with gastric cancer.Real-time PCR assay were used to detect Helicobacter pylori ureA gene and vacA s1 gene.EPIYA motifs in the 3′ region of cagA were amplified by conventional PCR followed by subtype sequencing. The conserved gene ureA was used to detect H.pylori infection.Results Among the 227 patients with digestive diseases, 50.7% (115/227) patients were H.pylori positive, in which 91.3%(105/115) carried vacA s1 and 78.3% (90/115) carried cagA. Four types of cagA-EPIYA subtype were detected, including ABC 17.8%(16/90), ABD 78.9%(71/90), AAD 2.2%(2/90) and ABAB 1.1%(1/90).In the non-pathological change group, 32.6% (15/46) were H.pylori positive, in which 28.3% (13/46) carried vacA s1 and 26.1% (12/46) carried cagA;in chronic gastritis group, it was 48.5% (63/130), 43.8% (57/130) and 36.2% (47/130), respectively;in ulcer group, it was 72.4% (21/29), 65.5% (19/29) and 55.2% (16/29), respectively;in atrophic gastritis group, it was 66.7% (10/15), 66.7% (10/15) and 66.7% (10/15), respectively;in gastric cancer group, it was 85.7% (6/7), 85.7% (6/7) and 71.4% (5/7), respectively.The distribution of H.pylori among the 4 groups had statistical significance (χ2=16.72;P<0.01). H.pylori was more prevalent in ulcer, atrophic gastritis and cancer group than in inflammation group and non-pathological change group (χ2=16.02;P<0.01).In patients infected by H.pylori, there was no significant difference in the distribution of vacA s1 gene as high virulence factors among non-pathological change, inflammation, ulcer, atrophic gastritis and cancer group (χ2=2.00;P=0.74), as well as cagA (χ2=3.44;P=0.49) and EPIYA subtypes (χ2=3.66;P=0.45).Conclusions H.pylori infection is significantly associated with the pathological change of gastric mucosa for patients with digestive diseases in Guangzhou, while the relationship with the pathogenicity of H.pylori with high virulence genotype is not significant.More samples and diseases reclassification are needed to make an advanced analysis of the effect of H.pylori with high virulence in gastrointestinal diseases development.     

Diagnosis and pathogenesis in functional dyspepsia

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) such as functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome are common gastrointestinal diseases in clinical practice. FGID is not life-threatened disease, but it is an important disease because the patients with FGID have a poor QOL. Recently the Rome criteria for the diagnosis of FGID has been established in Western countries, however, whether the criteria is suitable for clinical practice in Japan or not has not fully discussed. Many factors including gastrointestinal dysmotility, abnormality of acid secretion, visceral hypersensitivity, Helicobacter pylori infection or stress might play in the pathogenesis of FD. Our previous studies using ultrasonography indicate the decrease in gastric emptying and antral motility and the increase in duodenogastric reflux in patients with FD. In the treatment of FD, prokinetic agents, acid-suppressive drugs and antidepressants have been widely used.     

长春地区慢性胃病患者幽门螺杆菌感染状况调查

目的通过对本地区慢性胃病患者幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）感染状况调查,了解本地区流行病学特点,为进一步阐明其与慢性胃病发生发展的关系提供理论依据。方法采用ELISA方法测定血清H.pyloriIgG抗体及CagA抗体;采取胃粘膜活检组织进行快速尿素酶试验,调查H.pylori感染情况,分析其与各种疾病的关系。结果1180例慢性胃病患者H.pylori感染率为67.11%,复合性溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡及慢性萎缩性胃炎感染率分别为90.9%、84.57%、83.96%和80.24%。与慢性浅表性胃炎相比差异有显著性。消化性溃疡、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃癌和胃息肉患者血清Hp-CagA抗体的阳性率明显高于慢性浅表性胃炎（P〈0.05）。结论本地区慢性胃病患者H.pylori感染率高与多数地区的普通人群,H.pylori感染者尤其是CagA阳性者,更易发生慢性萎缩性胃炎、消化性溃疡及胃癌。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃粘膜林巴滤泡关系探讨

目的：为了探讨含有细胞毒素相关基因A（cagA）菌株感染与胃粘膜淋巴滤泡形成之间的关系,并对胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的发生与幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染状况的关系等进行观察。方法：我们对655例慢性胃炎,消化性溃疡的患者进行胃镜检查,取胃窦粘膜组织作Hp检测和组织病理检查,并选择70份Hp培养阳性的临床分离菌,用PCR扩增法进行cagA基因的检测。结果：Hp感染患者中胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的发生率（60.14%）显著高于非Hp感染者（17.06%）;胃粘膜淋巴滤泡在活动性胃炎比非活动性胃炎中更易检测到;在Hp相关性胃肠病中,慢性胃炎、胃溃疡、十二指肠球溃这三者之间胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的发生率无显著性差异;另外,还观察到含cagA基因的Hp菌株与胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的增生两者之间无相关性。结论：胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的发生直接与Hp感染相关,并可作为一种Hp感染相关性胃肠病中一个较为恒定的形态特征;Hp作为一种抗原刺激胃粘膜产生淋巴滤泡的作用与Hp菌株的毒力（cagA基因）无关,任何Hp感染均可刺激胃粘膜产生淋巴滤泡。