种植体支抗矫正双颌前突畸形疗效回顾性研究

目的 对比研究微螺钉型种植体支抗与常规口内加强支抗矫正双颌前突的侧位头影测量及软组织美学分析结果变化,回顾性评价种植体支抗的疗效。方法 研究2011年1月至2012年12月第四军医大学口腔医学院正畸科成年双颌前突拔牙矫治患者62例,其中38例应用双颌后牙区微螺钉型种植体支抗内收前牙（种植支抗组）,24例应用常规口内加强支抗（常规支抗组）。通过矫治前后X线头影测量、软组织美学分析和疗程疗效比较,明确不同支抗方式对治疗效果的影响。结果 两种支抗方式的疗程差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗前后62例患者在矢状向上均出现牙列、牙槽突及上下唇软组织的位置改变,种植支抗组患者上下颌切牙切端平均内收7.23、5.89 mm,上下牙槽突点平均内收3.61、2.78 mm,上下唇突点平均内收3.21、2.24 mm;常规支抗组患者上下颌切牙切端平均内收4.62、4.17 mm,上下牙槽突点平均内收1.93、1.67 mm,上下唇突点平均内收2.13、1.82 mm,种植支抗组内收效果优于常规支抗组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）。两组患者治疗前后上下颌骨基点在矢状向的位置差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论 微螺钉型种植体支抗在内收前牙、矫正双颌前突及改善面部美学效果方面优于传统常规支抗,但对颌骨并无矫形作用。     

影响双颌前突青少年患者唇部内收因素的研究

目的 探讨影响双颌前突青少年患者正畸治疗后唇部内收的因素.方法 对满足纳入标准的37例双颌前突青少年患者进行治疗前后的X线头影测量分析.测量治疗前软组织、硬组织、牙体组织项目及治疗后软硬组织变化项目共27项,应用多元线性回归（后退法）筛选影响唇部变化的敏感因素.结果 治疗后上中切牙颈缘点矢状向变化,治疗前年龄,上唇缘点至E线距离和颏部厚度影响上唇缘点矢状向内收变化,回归方程相关系数为0.875;治疗后下中切牙切缘矢状向变化,治疗前下唇缘点至E线距离,下唇紧张度,颏唇角和颏部厚度影响下唇缘点矢状向变化,回归方程相关系数为0.887.结论 治疗前生长潜力、骨性、牙性、软组织特点,及治疗后牙性变化影响双颌前突患者唇部内收变化.     

成人前牙内收前后切牙牙槽骨高度变化的研究

目的：研究成人双颌前突患者前牙内收前后切牙区唇侧、舌侧牙槽骨高度的变化。方法：选取双颌前突成人患者15例，治疗需拔除4颗第一前磨牙行前牙内收，内收前后分别拍摄 CBCT 片，对其上、下颌8颗切牙唇舌侧牙槽骨高度进行测量和对比分析。结果：上、下颌切牙内收后唇侧牙槽骨高度均有不同程度升高，以下颌更为显著（P ＜0．05），舌侧牙槽骨高度降低（P ＜0．05）。结论：成人双颌前突患者切牙行大范围舌向移动时舌侧牙槽骨高度降低，临床治疗中应予以关注。     

微种植体支抗治疗双颌前突患者前后颜面形态改变的研究

目的探讨双颌前突患者微型种植体矫治前后软、硬组织变化的相关规律,评估微种植体支抗矫治双颌前突患者的治疗效果。方法选取使用微型种植体支抗矫治双颌前突患者15例。对治疗前后的头颅侧位X线片进行测量分析,评价微种植体支抗在双颌前突患者治疗中的临床效果,并分析软硬组织变化的相关性。设计调查表调查患者对治疗效果的满意程度。结果矫正结束,患者面型均得到了显著改善。上切牙内收(3.12±0.90)mm,下切牙内收(2.63±0.83)mm,上下唇突度分别减少了(3.45±1.19)mm和(2.18±0.38)mm,且鼻唇角增大。软硬组织的变化存在相关性,其中上下唇突度、鼻唇角大小的改变与前牙突度的改变呈高度相关。93.3%患者对治疗效果满意。结论使用微型种植体支抗可以使上下前牙得以有效内收,同时改善面型,取得良好的临床效果。     

口内联合支抗系统用于双颌前突拔牙矫治的疗效分析

目的：通过双颌前突患者拔牙矫治前后硬软组织的变化,评价口内联合支抗系统的临床疗效。方法：双颌前突病例15例,拔除4个第一前磨牙后采用直丝弓矫治器矫治,上颌采用由Nance弓、横腭弓及第二磨牙带环组成的口内联合支抗系统增强支抗,对矫治前后硬软组织的变化进行X线头影测量分析。结果：①.上颌磨牙平均前移1.26mm,上下切牙突度和轴倾度明显减小。②.磨牙平均伸长0.89mm,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,下颌平面角及前下面高与全面高的比值无显著性变化。③.上下唇突度明显减小,软组织侧貌改善显著。结论：口内联合支抗系统在矢状向、垂直向上支抗控制较好,可为双颌前突拔牙矫治病例提供较强的支抗作用。     

双颌前突中国成人拔牙正畸治疗后唇组织变化预测方法初探

目的：探索并建立双颌前突中国成人拔除4个第一前磨牙正畸治疗后的唇组织改变的预测方法。方法：筛选满足纳入标准的32位双颌前突中国成人患者,在计算机辅助下对其治疗前后头颅侧位片行头影测量分析并行配对t检验,软组织变化的相关分析及逐步多重回归分析。结果：治疗前后水平向唇组织改变有统计学意义而垂直向改变无统计学差异。上唇水平向的位置变化（H—LS）与上切牙颈部的位置变化（H—Pro）正相关,下唇水平向的位置变化（H—Li）与上切牙突点（H—UIP）的位置变化正相关。结论：双颌前突中国成人拔除4个第一前磨牙后正畸治疗的患者,可以通过切牙回收量较好地预测其唇组织水平向的改变。     

60例广东省双颌前突患者头影测量分析研究

目的：探讨广东省双颌前突患者牙、颌以及软组织的特征。方法：对60例广东省双颌前突容患者的头影测量描图,将测量值与北京正常He值相比较,总结广东省前突面型患者的特征。结果：同北京正常He相比较,广东省双颌前突患者下颌骨位置相对后缩,向后下旋转,切牙过度唇倾,下唇较厚,颏厚小于正常值,颏部特征不明显,中面部相对突出,结论：只有根据广东双颌前突的特征,在矫治过程中注重颌骨位置的调整,严格控制后牙支抗,内收切牙,才有助于患者面貌的改善。     

活动翼矫治技术治疗高角型双颌前突的临床研究

目的研究活动翼矫治技术治疗高角型双颌前突的临床疗效方法选择54例拔除4颗第一前磨牙的双颌前突患者,根据治疗前的SN/MP角将患者分为2组,高角组27例,SN/MP≥40°。均角组27例,29°﹤SN/MP﹤40°。使用活动翼矫治技术进行矫治。对2组治疗前后的X线头影测量数据进行统计学分析。结果①活动翼矫治技术治疗的高角型双颌前突上下颌骨在矢状方向上无明显变化。②高角型双颌前突治疗后上下颌磨牙伸长量分别为1.04和0.99 mm。上下颌磨牙前移量分别为2.74和2.37 mm。下颌平面未发生顺时针旋转。活动翼矫治技术治疗的高角型双颌前突平面能够保持稳定③高角组的U1-PP、U1-V、L1-V、U1/NA、U1-NAmm、L1/NB和L1-NBmm治疗前后变化均有统计学意义。④高角型双颌前突治疗后的上下唇突度明显减小,上下唇长度变小,软组织突度减小。⑤高角组的上颌中切牙与上唇内收的比例为1∶0.357,下颌中切牙与下唇内收的比例为1∶0.879 9。结论活动翼矫治技术治疗的高角型双颌前突垂直向和矢状向支抗可以达到很好的控制,上下颌骨在矢状关系上更加协调,上下颌前牙突度和倾斜度明显减小,软组织侧貌有明显改善,临床疗效较好。     

成人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合患者正畸前后唇部软组织测量和评估

目的 测量和评估成人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合患者正畸前后的唇部软组织形态. 方法 选择30例已经完成正畸治疗的安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合成年患者,术后模型及头影测量的数据均在正常范围内. 对其正畸前后正面像和头颅侧位片唇红的矢状向厚度和垂直向厚度进行测量. 结果 正畸后上唇垂直向厚度有变小的趋势,下唇垂直向厚度有变大的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05). 上唇矢状向唇红部组织厚度术后有增大的趋势,下唇矢状向唇红部组织厚度矫正后有减少的趋势,且有统计学意义(P<0. 05). 上颌上中切牙(U1C)矢状向内收量与上唇红(TUL)的内收呈显著正相关,下唇红(TLL)矢状向位置的变化与下颌切牙突点(L1C)位置变化存在正相关,下唇红(TLL)矢状向位置的变化与上颌切牙突点(U1C)位置变化存在正相关. 结论 安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合成人患者拔牙矫治后,可以通过切牙回收量较好地预测其唇部软组织正畸前后的矢状向厚度和垂直向厚度变化.     

口外唇弓配合滑动直丝弓技术矫治双颌前突畸形

目的:分析口外唇弓配合滑动直丝弓技术矫治双颌前突畸形的临床效果。方法:利用口外唇弓配合滑动直丝弓技术矫治非生长期双颌前突畸形患者12名,均拔除4个第一双尖牙,采用一步或两步滑动法关闭拔牙间隙。将矫治前后的头颅侧位定位片进行测量分析,结果进行配对t检验。结果:矫治后上下切牙明显内收,上下唇突度明显减小(P<0. 001),Z角增加(P<0. 01);而上下磨牙前移量较小,平均分别为2. 33mm和2. 61mm。结论:口外唇弓配合滑动直丝弓技术可相对高效简便地矫治双颌前突畸形,能较好地控制支抗,显著改善患者的侧貌。     

Measurement of three-dimensional perioral soft tissue changes in dentoalveolar protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment using a structured light scanner

Objective:To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) perioral soft tissue changes after orthodontic treatment in patients with dentoalveolar protrusion using structured light–based scanners.Materials and Methods:Forty-four Korean adults (19 men and 25 women, 21.4 ± 3.4 years) with dentoalveolar protrusion treated by extraction of all four first premolars and then en masse retraction with maximum anchorage were evaluated. Lateral cephalograms and 3D facial scans were obtained before treatment (T1) and immediately after debonding (T2). Superimposition was performed, and 27 perioral landmarks were identified. The 3D changes in the landmarks and ratio of movement of the soft tissue relative to the horizontal incisal tip were evaluated. A paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance were performed.Results:The upper incisors were retracted 5.76 mm and the lower incisors were retracted 4.62 mm (P < .001). The upper lip moved inferoposteriorly, and the lower lip moved superoposteriorly. In the lower lip, upward movement was greater than backward movement (P < .001). The most prominent changes appeared at the greatest bulge area. The relative ratios were 42%–53% in the upper lip area and 22%–82% in the lower lip area. The lip corners moved superoposteriorly (P < .001). Subnasale moved downward (P < .05) and posteriorly (P < .001), while the landmarks under the nostrils moved upward and posteriorly (P < .001).Conclusion:Facial scans from white structured light scanners efficiently evaluated 3D perioral soft tissue in dentoalveolar protrusion patients. Backward movement and significant vertical movement of the lip were observed. The nasal and lip angle areas showed considerable changes.     

微种植支抗矫治成人骨性Ⅱ类突面型患者的矢状向疗效观察

目的 使用微种植支抗矫治成人骨性Ⅱ类突面型,观察矫治前后矢状向牙齿突度和唇突度变化.方法 选取36例治疗结束的成人骨性Ⅱ类突面型患者,所有患者均是拔除4颗第一前磨牙使用自攻型微种植体作为支抗内收前牙.对治疗前、后头颅侧位片进行测量分析.结果 36例患者的切牙、软组织等测量指标发生显著性变化,上切牙内收(5.98±3.8...     

拔牙矫治对面部侧貌影响的软组织头影测量研究

目的：探讨拔牙矫治对面部侧貌软组织平衡的影响。方法：选择15例以直丝弓矫治的拔牙矫治病例，对矫治前后患者的软组织侧貌的X线头颅侧位定位片进行测量分析。结果：①拔牙矫治后，面角，鼻唇角，Z角增大；②上唇长度，上唇厚度，下唇厚度增加，上唇突度减小，统计结果均有显著性差异；③正畸治疗后，软组织侧面突度通过拔牙矫治变小，面型由突面型成为较平直的面型；④患者面部侧貌治疗后软组织头影测量指标均值均在正常范围内。结论：拔牙矫治可改善面部的软组织平衡。     

Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类不同垂直骨面型成人口周软组织特征的头影测量分析

目的：：比较II类I分类不同垂直骨面型成人口周软组织的特征与差异。方法：采用X线头影测量技术,对90名II类I分类低角、均角、高角各30例垂直骨面型成人(男、女各半)的头颅定位侧位片进行测量分析,比较口周软组织的差异。结果：低角组下唇基部厚度、下唇长度小于高角组(P<0.05);多数测量项目的性别间比较显示男性大于女性,特别是上唇基部厚度和上、下唇厚度(P<0.05)。结论：正畸医生在临床工作中应当了解并重视这种差异,为患者建立更加和谐美好的面容。     

Soft Tissue Changes Following the Extraction of Premolars in Nongrowing Patients With Bimaxillary Protrusion: A Systematic Review

Objective:To quantify the amount of perioral tissue changes following the extraction of four premolars in patients with bimaxillary protrusion who had nearly completed active growth.Materials and Methods:A literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that assessed cephalometric perioral soft tissue changes in patients affected by biprotrusion and treated with extractions. Electronic databases (PubMed, ISI WoS Science Citation Index Expanded, and HubMed) were searched. Abstracts that appeared to fulfill the initial selection criteria were selected, and the full-text original articles were retrieved and analyzed. Only articles that fulfilled the final selection criteria were finally considered. Their references were also hand-searched for possible missing articles from the database searches.Results:Nine abstracts met the initial inclusion criteria and these articles were retrieved. From these, five were later rejected mostly because the sample dealt with growing subjects. Four articles remained and they showed that the upper and lower lips retracted and the nasolabial angle increased following premolar extraction. Upper lip retraction ranged from 2 mm to 3.2 mm, lower lip retraction ranged from 2 mm to 4.5 mm.Conclusions:The lip procumbency improves following the extraction of four premolars and this improvement is predictable. However, the changes are small and do not dramatically modify the profile. A “dished in” profile is not to be expected. Individual variation in response is large.     

正畸配合根尖下截骨术治疗严重双牙弓前突的临床研究

目的探讨骨性双牙弓前突患者经正畸正颌联合治疗后,颌面部硬组织、软组织在矢状方向上的变化及其相互关系,为临床矫治方法的选择提供参考。方法临床选择10例安氏Ⅰ类重度骨性双牙弓前突符合正颌手术的患者,术前正畸矫治完成后实施上、下前颌部截骨后退术（术中去除上下第一前磨牙牙骨块）,术后进一步正畸治疗以改善咬合关系。通过手术前后头影测量分析,比较颌面部硬组织,软组织在矢状方向上后退量及其相互关系。结果10例重度骨性双牙弓前突患者,经正畸一正颌联合矫治后,效果非常显著。上颌切牙平均后退7．13mm,上颌牙槽骨平均后退6．48mm,上颌软组织唇突点平均后移5．66nm。上颌硬、软组织后退的比例为1：0．87;下颌切牙平均后退6．62mm,下颌牙槽骨平均后退6．91mm,下颌软组织唇突点平均后移5．89mm。硬软组织后移的比值为1：0．85。结论重度骨性的双牙弓前突患者,应首选正畸正颌联合治疗,可彻底纠正前突的面型,上、下颌的硬软组织显著的内收,达到十分满意的疗效。     

下颌前伸矫治器-3治疗安氏Ⅱ类错后软组织侧貌变化的研究

目的探讨生长发育期安氏Ⅱ类错患者用下颌前伸矫治器-3(MPA-3)矫治后,软组织侧貌的变化。方法选择12例安氏Ⅱ类1分类错患者,下颌后缩,ANB>5°。使用MPA-36～9个月后(平均7.2个月),测量治疗前后X线头颅定位侧位片,进行统计学分析。结果使用MPA-3后,表示软组织侧面突度的面凸角增加了3.57°,软组织面角增加了1.32°,软组织鼻颏角减小了2.40°,Z角增加了6.53°,下颌凸距增加了1.42mm;体现上下唇关系的上唇角减小了4.67°,上下唇角增加了13.16°,上下唇基角减小了2.61°,下唇基角增加了3.32°,颏厚度增加了2.22mm。结论MPA-3是一种有效的固定式功能性矫治器,可以刺激下颌骨的生长,抑制上颌骨的生长,改善骨性矢状关系的不调,同时还可以协调鼻、唇、颏之间的关系,改善面部软组织侧貌和上下唇关系。     

Soft tissue profile changes after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis by use of a rigid external distraction device: a 1-year follow-up.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the soft tissue profile changes after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis (DO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen subjects underwent maxillary advancement with rigid external distraction after a high Le Fort I osteotomy. There were 11 male and 5 female patients, ages 5.2 to 25.7 years. The subjects included 9 with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 4 with bilateral CLP, 2 with facial clefts and bilateral CLP, and 1 with cleft palate. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were compared to evaluate the changes in soft tissue profile. A line 7 degrees below the SN plane was used as the horizontal coordinate, and a perpendicular line through Sella was used as the vertical coordinate in an XY coordinate system. RESULTS: The preoperative facial concavity (N'SnPg') was reduced by 15.59 degrees, and the nasal tip moved 3.75 mm forward and 2.05 mm upward. These changes were positively correlated with the change of ANS position. The soft-tissue-to-hard-tissue ratio was 0.53:1 for nasal tip and ANS. The ratio was negatively correlated with the age of the patient. The ratio of soft tissue A point to skeletal A point was 0.96:1 and for the incisal edge to vermilion border of the upper lip it was 0.8:1. The soft tissue B point and Pg did not change significantly with maxillary distraction. However, the nasolabial angle increased by 4.96 degrees, the upper lip curvature flattened by 0.65 mm, and the lower lip curvature was accentuated by 0.89 mm after distraction. The amount of upper incisal exposure increased from 1.1 to 5.01 mm in the rest position. CONCLUSION: Maxillary DO improved the soft tissue profile by increasing nasal projection, normalizing the nasolabial angle, and making the upper lip more prominent. More upper anterior tooth show in the rest position was obtained, but the upper lip length did not change. The concave facial profile became convex, with improved facial balance and aesthetics.     

Profile changes following orthodontic treatment of bimaxillary protrusion in adults with the Begg appliance

Thirty-two adult oriental patients aged 18-26 years who sought treatment for their bimaxillary protrusion were treated with the Begg appliance following extraction of four first premolars. A cephalometric study was undertaken to determine the soft tissue changes in lip profile following treatment. Results show that the upper incisors were retracted by 5.6 mm +/- 0.8 mm and the lower incisors by 4.4 +/- 0.8 mm on the average. The nasolabial angle became more obtuse increasing from 80.7 degrees to 90.7 degrees. The upper lip and lower lip lengthened by 1.9 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively. The lower lip to 'E' line reduced from 7.5 mm to 3.7 mm. All the previous changes were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The upper lip to upper incisor retraction was 1:2.2 while the lower lip to lower incisor retraction was 1:1.4. The correlation coefficients (r) were 0.72 (p less than 0.01) and 0.80 (p less than 0.01), respectively. The changes in the cants of mandibular and occlusal planes were statistically insignificant. This study shows that the Begg appliance has the ability to significantly reduce bimaxillary protrusions and thereby improve facial aesthetics.     

上颌前牵引联合快速扩弓矫治儿童骨性Ⅲ类错前后软硬组织变化

目的:探讨上颌前牵引联合快速扩弓对儿童骨性Ⅲ类错的矫治效果。方法:对28例儿童骨性Ⅲ类错病人(7～10岁)进行上颌前牵引治疗,在前牵引前快速扩弓1周。分别在治疗开始(T0)和结束(T1)时拍摄头颅定位侧位片,进行定点测量分析。结果:①硬组织变化:ANB角增加5.37°(P<0.05),Wit’s值增加5.74 mm(P<0.05),Ptm-A增加2.49 mm(P<0.05),Yaxis增加1.82°(P<0.05);SNB角减小0.75°(P>0.05),Go-Me、Co-Gn分别增加0.64 mm、2.21 mm,但P>0.05,SN-PP减小0.61°(P>0.05),PP-MP增加5.54°(P<0.05),下面高、下面高/全面高分别增加3.98(P<0.05)、1.61(P>0.05);U1-NA角增加3.10°(P<0.05),L1-NB角减小1.23°(P<0.05),Ms6-PP距增加1.13 mm(P<0.05);②软组织测量项目变化:面型角增大5.98°,颏唇角减小2.45°、H角增大5.2°,上唇-E线距增大1.42 mm,下唇-E线距减小1.18 mm(P<0.05)。结论:前牵引联合快速扩弓矫治儿童骨性Ⅲ类错,可产生显著治疗效果,能促进上颌骨的生长,使面型改善,但下颌出现顺时针旋转,高角病人慎用。