靶向给药系统的研究进展

目的综述及讨论近年来靶向给药系统的研究进展。方法以网络数据库资源为主，查询ScienceDirect，Pubmed等数据库关于靶向给药系统研究进展等方面的资料。结果共收集到多篇文献，选择性的取其中的16篇进行归纳总结与讨论。结论靶向给药系统是一种较为理想的药物制剂类型，利用靶向给药系统作靶向治疗将提高一些疾病的治疗能力。在靶向给药系统的研发中也存在一些问题，主要是靶向给药系统的稳定性，载体材料的安全性。这些问题一旦解决，必将带来这种新型给药系统全面应用于临床的新局面。     

肠道疾病治疗中的口服结肠靶向给药系统

口服结肠靶向给药在治疗肠道疾病方面具有使用方便、结肠部位药物浓度较高的优点；其应用类型有3种：利用结肠特殊生理特性、靶向免疫调节细胞和生物黏附原理的结肠靶向给药系统。现对此3种口服结肠靶向给药系统的制备和应用进行综述。     

抗肿瘤线粒体靶向药研究进展

肿瘤的发生发展与细胞的凋亡有密切关系,线粒体除了作为细胞内能量生成的重要细胞器,还与细胞的凋亡有关.通过修正线粒体功能的紊乱及诱导线粒体膜通透化反应,成为了以线粒体为靶点研究抗肿瘤药物的新思路.本文将针对抗肿瘤线粒体靶向药的研究作一简要介绍.     

磁靶向给药系统的研究进展

磁靶向给药系统有利于提高药物疗效,降低毒副作用,为癌症化疗开辟了新的途径,可望在不久的将来。广泛用于临床。介绍和评价了磁靶向给药系统的制备、性质和药效等,并综述该系统的研究进展。     

靶向给药系统的研究进展

本文就近年来靶向给药系统作为药物载体的研究及其在临床治疗中的应用进展综述。     

抗肿瘤靶向给药系统的研究进展

目的：介绍抗肿瘤靶向给药系统的研究进展。方法：检索近年国内外有关对靶向给药系统在肿瘤治疗中的研究性文献，并进行分析、归纳。结果：靶向药物制剂能使药物选择性地与靶组织在细胞或亚细胞水平上发生反应，使药物能够可控性地分布，并于靶区持续缓慢地释放药物，降低其对正常组织的不良反应。结论：尽管靶向制剂广泛应用于临床尚需时日，但它们对于克服肿瘤治疗中的不良反应，提高疗效具有不可忽视的作用。     

中药结肠靶向给药系统研究进展

目的对结肠靶向给药(CTDD)系统的相关进展全面综述,探讨其今后的发展方向,为研究人员提供参考与依据。方法查阅国内外19种期刊25篇相关文献,并进行分析、归纳。结果中药CTDD系统包括pH依赖型、时间依赖型、微生物酶解型、生物黏附型、压力依赖型、脉冲型和联合应用型。结论中药CTDD具有广阔的应用前景,但中药指标成分、体内评价等方面的研究还需加强。     

脑内靶向给药研究进展

血脑屏障 (ｂｌｏｏｄｂｒａｉｎｂａｒｒｉｅｒ,ＢＢＢ)是药物进入脑部肿瘤组织和其他中枢神经系统 (ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｎｅｒｖｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ＣＮＳ)疾病病灶的最主要屏障。目前 ,虽然对于脑部疾病的研究取得了许多进展 ,但是如何将药物传递入脑仍是一个难题。ＢＢＢ是由一层极化的血管内皮细胞紧密连接而成 ,其腔面侧 (ｌｕｍｉｎａｌ)的细胞膜与血液相接触 ,基膜侧 (ａｂｌｕｍｉｎａｌ)的细胞膜与脑细胞外液相接触。ＢＢＢ是一选择性屏障 ,能够起到脑与血液循环相隔离的作用 ,又能够转运营养物质入脑 ,此外还能够清除脑内有毒物质。但…     

肾靶向给药系统的研究进展

肾脏是人体的重要器官之一。由于多数肾脏药物都具有较大的毒性,为了降低药物的系统毒性,很多药学工作者已经对肾靶向给药系统进行了深入的研究。采用了低分子质量蛋白质(LMWP)、微粒、糖基复合物等药物转运载体,前体药物和抗体以及基因治疗等多种手段,以最终实现肾脏靶向给药的目的。本文通过系统地介绍肾脏的生理功能及特点,对上述各类肾脏靶向给药系统的研究成果和进展进行了全面的总结和评价。     

肝靶向给药系统的研究进展

通过对近年来国内外报道的肝靶向研究相关文献进行检索,根据肝靶向药物的不同作用机制对肝靶向给药系统的研究进展进行分析和总结。有关肝靶向药物的研究结果表明,肝靶向给药系统能选择性地将药物输送至肝脏病变部位,通过提高其在肝脏病变组织的药物浓度,从而达到增强药物疗效、减少其毒副作用的目的。因此,肝靶向给药系统在肝脏疾病治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

经鼻脑靶向递药系统的研究进展

鼻腔与脑在解剖生理上的独特联系使得鼻腔给药作为脑内递药途径成为可能.鼻腔给药作为脑靶向的途径之一,可有效地使通过其他给药途径不易透过血脑屏障的药物绕过血脑屏障到达脑部,为中枢神经系统疾病的治疗提供了一种极有发展前景的脑内递药途径.就鼻腔给药脑靶向的依据、影响因素、评价方法、剂型等方面对经鼻脑靶向递药系统的研究现状进行总结.     

Biodegradable polymers: an update on drug delivery in bone and cartilage diseases

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The unique structure of bone and cartilage makes the systemic delivery of free drugs to those connective tissues very challenging. Consequently, effective and targeted delivery for bone and cartilage is of utmost importance. Engineered biodegradable polymers enable designing carriers for a targeted and temporal controlled release of one or more drugs in concentrations within the therapeutic range. Also, tissue engineering strategies can allow drug delivery to advantageously promote the in situ tissue repair.

Areas covered: This review article highlights various drug delivery systems (DDS) based on biodegradable biomaterials to treat bone and/or cartilage diseases. We will review their applications in osteoporosis, inflammatory arthritis (namely osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), cancer and bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

Expert opinion: The increased knowledge about biomaterials science and of the pathophysiology of diseases, biomarkers, and targets as well as the development of innovative tools has led to the design of high value-added DDS. However, some challenges persist and are mainly related to an appropriate residence time and a controlled and sustained release over a prolonged period of time of the therapeutic agents. Additionally, the poor prediction value of some preclinical animal models hinders the translation of many formulations into the clinical practice.     

壳聚糖在靶向制剂中的应用进展

壳聚糖是一种天然高分子化合物，壳聚糖及其衍生物具有优良的生物相容性和生物可降解性，在制药业有广阔的应用前景。综述了近几年来壳聚糖及其衍生物在靶向制剂中的应用。     

外泌体用于疾病诊疗和药物递送的研究进展

外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一种,作为特殊的细胞间通讯介质,携带蛋白质、核酸及脂质等,在生物体内各种生理、病理过程中发挥着重要作用。作为内源性纳米囊泡,外泌体具有体循环稳定性、良好的生物相容性、对组织和细胞的特异性靶向等优点,是理想的药物递送载体。外泌体为多种疾病的诊断和预后评估提供支持,同时作为一种非常有潜力的、安全、特异性强的内源性纳米药物载体具有广阔的应用前景。本文阐述外泌体的产生机制,对其提取分离方法特点进行总结,并围绕外泌体在免疫和炎症相关疾病、心血管系统疾病、神经系统疾病、肿瘤等疾病的应用机制进行讨论,以及作为药物载体的工程化修饰和主动靶向药物递送进行综述。     

靶向制剂研究进展

靶向制剂具有提高靶组织的药理作用强度和控制释药,恒定血药浓度,降低全身的不良反应等鲜明特点,是一种较理想的给药方式,因此靶向给药系统(TDDS)已成为现代药剂学的重要研究热点之一.本文就靶向制剂的研究近况及其进展进行概括.     

经鼻脑靶向给药系统研究进展

由于血脑屏障的存在,血液中的药物难以进入中枢神经系统.近些年研究表明,经鼻腔给药后,药物可以绕过血脑屏障直接进入脑部,而且其对机体的损伤和副作用都较小,因此经鼻脑靶向给药系统不断受到更多人的关注.首先探讨了药物经鼻入脑的通路及机制,并针对鼻腔给药的不同影响因素提出了相应的优化方案,还介绍了脑靶向性的评价方法,为进一步研究鼻脑靶向制剂提供了参考.     

自组装药物传递系统

自组装药物传递系统（SADDS）是基于药质体提出的新概念和新给药系统,融合了前药、分子自组装和纳米技术,是两亲前药形成的自组装纳米体系。其突出的特点是自组装体几乎没有辅料的参与,载药量大,稳定性好,在体内可获得靶向、控释效果,特别适合于抗病毒和抗肿瘤治疗。SADDS是学科交叉的产物,是药剂学研究的新方向。本文阐述了SADDS概念的来源、特点和研究进展,并展望了SADDS的研究前景。     

Recent advancements in nanoparticle based drug delivery for gastrointestinal disorders

Introduction: The emergent field of nanoparticles has presented a wealth of opportunities for improving the treatment of human diseases. Recent advances have allowed for promising developments in drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Modified delivery systems allow improved drug delivery over traditional pH, microbe, or receptor dependent models, while antibody association allows for more advanced imaging modalities. Nanoparticles have potential clinical application in the field of gastroenterology as they offer several advantages compared to the conventional treatment systems including target drug delivery, enhanced treatment efficacy, and reduced side effects.

Areas covered: The aim of this review article is to summarize the recent advancements in developing nanoparticle technologies to treat gastrointestinal diseases. We have covered the application of nanoparticles in various gastrointestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. We also have discussed how the gut microbiota affects the nanoparticle based drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract.

Expert opinion: Nanoparticles based drug delivery offers a great platform for targeted drug delivery for gastrointestinal disorders. However, it is influenced by the presence of microbiota, drug interaction with nanoparticles, and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. With the advancements in nanoparticle technology, it may be possible to overcome these barriers leading to efficient drug delivery for gastrointestinal disorders based on nanoparticle platform.     

Novel formulation and drug delivery strategies for the treatment of pediatric poverty-related diseases

Introduction: Due to a lack of approved drugs and formulations, children represent the most vulnerable patients. Magistral, unlicensed formulations obtained by the manipulation of solid forms should undergo clinical evaluation to ensure bioequivalence. The development of new pediatric medicines is complex and faces technological, economic and ethical challenges. This phenomenon has contributed to the emergence of an adult–children gap. To improve the situation, the World Health Organization launched the global campaign ‘Make medicines child size' and a number of international initiatives have been established. The situation is more critical in the case of poverty-related diseases (PRDs) that mainly affect poor countries.

Areas covered: This review critically discusses different strategies to develop pediatric formulations and drug delivery systems (DDS) in PRDs and their potential implementation in the current market. Readers will gain an updated perspective on the development of pediatric medicines for the treatment of PRDs and the proximate challenges and opportunities faced to ensure an effective pharmacotherapy.

Expert opinion: There is an urgent need for the development of innovative, scalable and cost-viable formulations to ensure pediatric patients have access to appropriate medications for PRDs. The guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonisation constitute a very good orientation tool, as they emphasize physiological and developmental aspects that need to be considered in pediatric research. It is important to consider cultural, economic and ethical aspects that make developing nations facing PRDs different from the developed world. Thus, the best strategy would probably be to conceive and engage similar initiatives in the developing world, to address unattended therapeutic niches.