某部潜艇人员长航期间膳食结构调查分析

目的 了解某部潜艇人员长航期间膳食营养状况和存在问题,为保障潜艇官兵健康以及制定军人营养素供给量、食物定量标准提供依据.方法 膳食调查采用记帐法,能量消耗采用能量平衡法.结果 (1)猪肉、牛羊肉、脏腑、禽蛋、鱼虾、乳粉、豆类及制品、食糖、蔬菜、木耳、海带、紫菜摄入量偏低.(2)热能71.1%来源于植物性食物,而摄入动物性蛋白质占摄入蛋白质总量的50.1%,符合军标要求,动物性脂肪占摄入脂肪总量的69.9%,超过军标要求.(3)人均每日维生素A、维生素E和维生素B1的摄入量明显低于军标,胆固醇摄入量明显超过军标.另外,人均每日摄人大量钠.结论 受调查的潜艇部队长航期间能量和多数营养素的摄入量能达到军标要求,维生素A、维生素E和维生素B1的摄入量偏低,胆固醇摄入量偏高,应增加牛羊肉、蔬菜、牛奶、禽蛋、鱼虾等水产品的供应,减少动物脂肪的摄人,减少食盐等调味品的摄入.     

慢性高原病肾功能及血脂的变化

目的探讨慢性高原病(CMS)患者肾功能及血脂的变化。方法选择移居海拔4 300 m 3个月以上的汉族男性青年323名,其中CMS患者87名,为CMS组,其余236名为非CMS组。清晨抽取空腹静脉血检测尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。以血红蛋白(18 g<血红蛋白<21 g,记0分,血红蛋白≥21 g,记3分)及动脉血氧饱和度(动脉血氧饱和度≤85%,记3分)记分。分别以1,2,3分表示轻、中、重度。无CMS总记分为0~5分,轻度为6~10分,中度为11~14分,重度为15分或更高。结果CMS组较非CMS组尿素氮、尿酸增高,有显著性差异(P<0.05);总胆固醇增高,三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),肌酐、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CMS引起肾功能指标及血脂异常,提示CMS伴有多器官或组织受损。     

某军校学员膳食调查及营养状况分析

目的调查分析某军校学员膳食营养状况, 为指导学员合理膳食提供依据。方法通过计算体质量指数(BMI)调查学员体格状况;采用称重法调查学员的膳食, 计算每人每日食物和营养素的摄入量以及产能营养素的供能比;采空腹血, 分析空腹血糖、尿酸、总胆固醇等血液生化指标, 了解学员营养状况。结果被调查学员BMI为22.1±1.7, 正常率为83.2%;学员每人每日平均能量摄入量为12.13 MJ, 三大产能营养素的供能比分别为蛋白质19.24%、脂肪45.94%、碳水化物34.82%, 膳食结构为高蛋白高脂肪低碳水化合物, 其中粮食、鱼虾类、大豆、蔬菜、水果、食用菌、干菜类等摄入不足, 禽肉摄入量过高;维生素B1摄入略不足, 维生素E和烟酸摄入超标;钠、磷、铁和硒摄入量过高, 镁、钙、锌摄入不足;0.76%的学员空腹血糖过低, 36.36%的学员血尿酸偏高, 分别有7.58%和3.03%的学员血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)处于临界水平。结论该军校学员日常食物摄入种类丰富, 能量基本达标, 但膳食结构不尽合理, 营养素摄入不均衡, 应加强对学员的膳食营养知识宣教。     

中国人食品中元素浓度和膳食摄入量研究

目的　获得我国当前食物中元素浓度和成年男子膳食摄入量 ,为参考人元素摄入量参数提供依据和进行有关卫生学评价。方法　以总膳食研究混合食物样品法 ,用NAA、ICP MS、ICP AES、AAS等技术和必要QA措施测定我国 4个不同膳食类型地区膳食的各类食物中元素浓度 ,估算日摄入量和卫生学评价 ,并将所获摄入量与有关国际资料进行比较。结果　获得了我国 12类食物中 42种元素浓度和成年男子摄入量及其卫生学评价。结论　更新和拓展了我国食物中元素浓度和摄入量国情资料 ,为我国参考人摄入量参数确定提供新依据 ,揭示了当前我国卫生问题 ,如从营养卫生角度 ,我国参考人Ca、Zn和Cu摄入量偏低 ,而从食品卫生而言 ,Pb、Cd、Mn和Na摄入量过高 ,尤其是近年Pb、Cd和Hg摄入量升高 ,Pb和Cd平均摄入量已超过ADI,应引起重视。     

武警某部战士膳食营养素与体成分的相关性

 目的 探讨武警某部战士膳食与体成分的关系,为进一步提供科学的膳食结构和强化战士体能水平打下理论基础。方法 整群选择武警某部137名战士作为调查对象,采用三日称重法对其食堂伙食供应情况连续调查,计算其能量及三大营养素摄入情况;采用人体成分分析仪测定体成分,包括身体总水分、肌肉量、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积和腰臀比,采用多元回归分析食物能量及三大营养素与体成分之间的关联。结果 调研的战士每日膳食能量摄入量为3591.5 kcal,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入量分别为(98.6±18.2)g、(138.9±24.1)g和(484.8±78.2)g;调查对象的身体总水分为(38.5±7.2)kg,肌肉量为(43.7±10.7)kg,体脂百分比为(17.6±5.3)%,内脏脂肪面积为(58.6±14.2)cm²,腰臀比为(81.0±15.2)%。饮食蛋白质摄入量与身体总水分和肌肉量呈正相关,脂肪摄入量与体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积呈正相关(P<0.05),碳水化合物摄入量与体脂百分比和腰臀比呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 饮食结构与战士体成分关系密切,应适当调整基层部队的膳食结构,对于降低体脂百分比、提高运动能力、保障军人身体健康具有重要意义。     

空勤人员血脂代谢异常情况调查分析

目的 分析空勤人员血脂异常的特点,为各级卫生机构制定针对性的血脂异常干预措施提供理论依据.方法 以同年龄段7195名地方普通健康体检者作为对照,回顾性分析了4377名空勤人员的血脂异常的情况.结果 空勤组的平均总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipopr...     

海军某部1082名干部血脂水平分析

目的:了解某部干部血脂水平及血脂异常分布特征。方法:对某部1 082名体检结果中的血脂检测结果进行统计分析。结果:TC,TG,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白/低密度脂蛋白比(LDL-C/HDL-C)水平与年龄有关,统计中46～55岁年龄组胆固醇水平明显高于其他年龄组(P<0.001)。从血脂异常率水平看,<46岁组和46～55岁年龄组血脂异常率明显高于其他组。结论:我部低龄组干部的血脂异常水平明显高于高龄组干部,应该高度重视,及时干预,以减少未来心血管病发病率。     

ApoE基因多态性及累计飞行时间与飞行人员血脂水平关系的研究

目的 研究ApoE基因多态性及累计飞行时间对飞行人员血脂水平的影响.方法 以聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)法测定ApoE基因多态性.常规试剂盒测定血脂水平,包括血浆总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C).飞行人员个人信息采用问卷调查.结果 飞行人员的血脂异常患病率为49.2%,高于国内普通人群的26.9%.飞行人员中ApoE等位基因e2的频率高于国内一般人群,而ε4的频率低于一般人群,ApoE基因多态性与TC、LDL-C、ApoB的水平相关,而和TG、HDL-C的水平关系不明显.在高TC和高LDL-C血脂异常组,等位基因ε3的频率高于TC和LDL-C正常组,而等位基因ε2的情况刚好相反.累计飞行时间在15 000 h以上的飞行人员与累计飞行时间在10 000 h以下的人员相比,TC、HDL-C均明显增高(P＜0.05),而TG、LDL-C亦有增高趋势,但未有统计学差异.Logistic回归分析提示,BMI和血脂异常的发生相关,而累计飞行时间与体重指数(BMI)相关,抽烟、运动、喝酒等因素未发现与血脂异常及BMI有关.结论 累计飞行时间是影响血脂水平的重要因素,累计飞行时间可以直接或间接地通过影响BMI而影响血脂水平.     

膳食营养因素与非酒精性脂肪肝的关系研究

目的探讨膳食营养因素与非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)发生的相关性。方法在西南医院通过B超检查诊断的300例NAFLD患者作为病例,按照年龄、性别、居住地等信息配比选择相应的健康对象300例作为对照,设计半定量食物频数调查表和24h回顾法表进行了膳食调查,分析NAFLD的膳食危险因素。结果NAFLD病例组摄入牛肉、猪肉、粮谷类、烹调用油的数量显著高于对照组(P<0.01),NAFLD病例组摄入的总能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),病例组的脂肪供能比和动物来源的脂肪数量均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论总能量、总脂肪、动物来源的脂肪摄入量过多是NAFLD的膳食危险因素。     

军队老干部膳食结构、营养状况及健康状况的调查分析

目的 调查并了解军队老干部膳食结构、营养状况的变化及健康状况.方法 对1992、2002和2008年于南京军区杭州疗养院营养科疗养的军队老干部(分别为520、720和643人)进行膳食调查和医学体检,对其膳食结构、营养状况及健康状况进行分析.结果 军队老干部谷类食物和腌菜的摄入量下降,干豆类食物摄科也呈下降趋势;畜禽肉蛋及水产类食物的摄入量显著提高,蔬菜、水果及奶类摄人上升迅速;坚果类食物及植物油的摄入明显上升;盐摄入量变化不大.热能和蛋白质的摄入已超过推荐摄入量(RNI),烟酸、维生素(V)E、铁的摄入量均达到参考摄入量(DRIs),且呈逐渐上升趋势,VBl摄入量也已达到RNI;VC摄人量上升迅速,在2008年已达176.0±23.5 mg/d,锌的摄入量在1992年尚未达到RNI,但在2002及2008年均已达到标准;硒摄入量在2008年已达到RNI;随着奶类摄入量的上升,钙的摄入量有了很大提高.脂肪供能比增长较快,2008年已达37%.军队老十部健康状况有了很大提高,消化系统疾病及骨质增生患病率下降明显,但心脑血管疾病患病率呈上升趋势.结论 军队老干部营养状况改善明显,平均膳食质量得到提高,但存在脂肪、胆固醇及盐摄入量偏高,超重、肥胖及心血管疾病患病率上升的问题,应加强营养知识宣传和营养干预.     

不同作训任务对常驻高原官兵静息状态下生理生化指标的影响

目的 了解高原低氧环境对不同作训任务官兵静息状态下生理生化指标的影响.方法 将常驻高原官兵分为驻营区官兵(海拔4030m和4600m)和野外驻训官兵(海拔4300m),对驻营区官兵和野外驻训30d的官兵进行生理生化指标检测,包括心率(HR)、血压、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、血红蛋白(Hb)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、白球比值(A/G)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)以及AST/ALT比值.结果 驻训官兵HR(82.25±14.10次/min)明显高于驻营区官兵(74.18±9.02次/min,P＜0.01),其SpO2(88.25％±2.41％)明显低于驻营区官兵(89.38％±2.44％,P＜0.05),两单位人员的血压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).驻训官兵Hb含量(211.6±17.4g/L)明显高于驻营区官兵(199.3±22.7g/L,P＜0.001),其高原红细胞增多症患病率(55.6％)明显高于驻营区官兵(25.7％,P＜0.001).驻营区官兵和驻训官兵的血清蛋白质含量均充足,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).驻训官兵的血脂异常患病率(70.5％)明显高于驻营区官兵(34.0％,P＜0.001),其中驻训官兵的HDL-C含量(0.81±0.21nmol/L)明显低于驻营区官兵(1.01±0.27nmol/L,P＜0.001),其低HDL-C血症患病率(65.9％)明显高于驻营区官兵(29.8％,P＜0.001),驻训官兵和驻营区官兵的TC、TG、LDL-C含量及异常率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).驻训官兵LDH含量(273.70±136.74U/L)明显高于驻营区官兵(205.19±77.94U/L,P＜0.01),其LDH异常率(72.7％)也明显高于驻营区官兵(51.1％,P＜0.05).结论 高原驻训官兵蛋白质营养充足,但高原红细胞增多症、低HDL-C血症患病率和LDH异常率高于驻营区官兵,严重威胁着驻训官兵的身体健康,常驻高原官兵应适当调整饮食结构和科学安排训练强度,定期体检,做到早预防早治疗.     

老年前期与老年期原发性高血压患者血脂的变化及临床意义

目的探讨老年前期和老年期原发性高血压患者血脂变化及其临床意义。方法将160例原发性高血压患者分为老年前期与老年期两组,测定晨起空腹静脉血中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),将各指标与健康对照组以及高血压患者老年前期与老年期对比分析。结果高血压组TC、TG和LDL-C显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而HDL和HDL-C/TC则明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高血压老年期组TC、TG和LDL-C水平高于老年前期组(P<0.05),而HDL-C和HDL-C/TC则低于老年前期组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年原发性高血压患者TC、TG和LDL-C增高,而HDL-C和HDL-C/TC降低,且老年期变化更为明显,提示老年原发性高血压患者应注意追踪观察血脂的变化。     

Race and sex similarities in exercise-induced changes in blood lipids and fatness

PURPOSE: This study explores sex and race differences in the association between changes in fat mass (FM), abdominal visceral fat (AVF), and abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) on blood lipid changes consequent to aerobic exercise training. METHODS: The sample included 613 participants (428 white and 185 black, 46% men) from the HERITAGE Family Study. Total FM was determined by densitometry, whereas AVF and ASF cross-sectional areas were determined by computed tomography at the L4-L5 level. Blood lipid measurements included total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and the TC/HDL-C ratio, which were obtained before and after 20 wk of supervised aerobic exercise. Canonical correlation was used to determine the multivariate associations between body fatness and blood lipids at baseline and the changes induced by exercise training. RESULTS: Body fat accounted for 26-36% of the variance in baseline blood lipids, and changes in body fat accounted for 7-21% of the variance in changes in blood lipids with exercise training. The pattern of loadings indicated similar relationships between body fatness and blood lipids at baseline, and their respective changes with exercise training among the four sex-by-race groups. Greater fat loss, characterized by loss of FM, AVF, and ASF, was associated with a greater blood lipid response characterized by an increase in HDL-C and decreases in LDL-C, TG, TC, and TC/HDL-C. Although the pattern of loadings was similar in all groups, the strength of the association was stronger in blacks than in whites. CONCLUSION: The multivariate associations among fat loss and changes in blood lipids consequent to aerobic exercise training are similar in black and white men and women.     

Selected predictor variables and the lipid-lipoprotein profile of prepubertal girls and boys

PURPOSE: It is still unclear how habitual physical activity (HPA), peak VO2, percent body fat (%BF), and dietary composition are related to the lipid-lipoprotein profile in children. The purpose of this study was to identify independent contributions from these selected predictor variables to prepubertal children's lipid-lipoprotein profile. METHODS: Peak VO2, HPA from continuous heart rate monitoring, %BF, 7-d dietary analysis, total cholesterol (TC), total triacylglycerol (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were determined in 33 prepubertal girls and 38 prepubertal boys (mean +/- SD age, 10.6 +/- 0.7 yr). RESULTS: Bivariate correlation analyses revealed that peak VO2, %BF, and HPA were related to the lipid-lipoprotein profile in girls (P < 0.05). For the boys, HPA was only related to TC/HDL-C (P < 0.05) and LDL-C/HDL-C (P < 0.05), whereas daily energy intake (kJ x d(-1)) was associated with TC and LDL-C (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that peak VO2, %BF and HPA were the main predictor variables for the girls. Peak VO2 accounted for 22.7%, 24.8%, 22.5%, and 24.2% of the unique variance (sr(i)2) in TG, HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C, respectively. For TC and LDL-C in girls, sr(i)2 were 18.0% and 22.6%, respectively, from HPA. In contrast, only daily energy intake had a significant unique contribution to the variance of TC (15.4%) and LDL-C (22.0%) for the boys. SUMMARY: The main findings from this study were that the predictor variables are lipid-lipoprotein specific and depend on gender. These results would support the growing evidence that it is important to nurture an active lifestyle in children from an early age and that an awareness of fitness and body fatness is required.     

大强度训练后某部士兵训练倦怠与体质指数、血糖、血脂的关系研究

目的 探讨某部士兵训练倦怠与体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)及血脂之间的关系.方法 对急进高原前强化行为应激训练(简称"大强度训练")某部140名士兵,采用问卷调查与试验相结合的方法进行研究,问卷为士兵训练倦怠自评问卷,以BMI、FPG、血脂为观察指标,采用线性回归分析评价各指标与训练倦怠的关系.结果 大强度训练后,士兵训练倦怠总分及训练疏离得分显著高于大强度训练前(P<0.01),士兵FPG、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)、BMI测量值显著低于大强度训练前(P<0.05);体质量超重士兵训练倦怠总分及训练疏离得分显著高于体质量正常士兵(P<0.05);FPG水平较高士兵训练倦怠总分及身心耗竭、训练疏离得分显著高于FPG水平较低士兵(P<0.01);胆固醇水平较高士兵训练倦怠总分及身心耗竭、训练疏离得分显著高于胆固醇水平较低士兵(P<0.01).回归分析显示,大强度训练前后身心耗竭、训练疏离与BMI、FPG、TC、TG存在线性关系(P<0.05).结论 大强度训练前后士兵身心耗竭与BMI、FPG、TC具有密切关系,而训练疏离与大强度训练前后BMI、TC、TG存在密切关联.     

高血压合并心力衰竭患者血脂指标及比值与左心室重构的关系研究

目的 探究高血压合并心力衰竭患者血脂指标及比值与左心室重构的关系。方法 选取2019年6月到2022年6月海安市人民医院收治的159例高血压患者作为研究对象。将全部研究对象分为训练集和测试集。收集全部患者一般临床资料,检测血脂指标[总胆固醇（TC）,甘油三酯（TG）,高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）,低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）],并计算TC/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C比值。超声测量患者左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）等,并计算左心室重构指数（LVRI）。多因素Logistic回归分析影响高血压患者发生心力衰竭的危险因素,Pearson相关性分析LVRI与血脂指标及比值关系。结果 训练集中的研究组患者高血压病程、FBG、TG、TC/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、LVEDD高于对照组,HDL-C、LVEF、LVRI低于对照组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,训练集高血压病程长、高FBG、高TC、高TC/HDL-C、高TG/HDL-C、高LDL-C/HDL-C、低HDL-C、低LVRI是高血压患者发生心力衰竭的危险因素（P<0.05）。随NYHA分级增加,TG、TC/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C逐渐升高,HDL-C逐渐降低（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,LVRI与TG、TC/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 高血压合并心力衰竭患者血脂水平及比值与左心室重构密切相关,临床需及早防控血脂异常,以降低心力衰竭的发生。     

飞行员血脂谱调查

目的 调查飞行员血脂水平现状及血脂谱异常特征,并提出血脂异常防治策略及血脂水平划分标准的建议.方法 收集了按我国血脂测定标准化要求测定的591例飞行员、144例其他空勤人员（年龄21～55岁）的血脂谱,1136例普通人群作为对照进行统计分析.每组再按每5岁年龄段分组,分为7个年龄组.分析3组人群不同年龄组血浆三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）水平及其异常发生率.结果飞行员高TG血症占首位,异常发生率为26.73%.低HDL-C、高TC、高LDL-C异常发生率分别为10.02%、7.28%、6.30%.血脂异常高发生率年龄在36～55岁间,尤其是41～55岁间.血脂异常发生率与飞行员年龄、飞行时间有关,与飞行机种无关.飞行员高TG年龄比普通人群早5岁,HDL-C降低年龄比其TG增高年龄晚10岁,高TC、高LDL-C年龄比普通人群迟5～10岁.飞行员和其他空勤人员高TC发生率,与普通人群相比,差异有显著意义（P＜0.05）.与20年前调查结果相比,飞行员TG水平明显增高、HDL-C水平略有降低,血脂谱已由20年前的高TC血症转变成以高TG、低HDL-C血症为主要特征.本组飞行员与欧洲飞行员相比,血脂异常高发生率年龄段相似,高TG、低HDL-C血症发生率相似,而高TC血症发生率却远远低于欧洲飞行员.结论 飞行员血脂异常防治策略以高TG、低HDL-C为首要目标.提出了我军飞行员血脂水平划分标准和血脂异常防治方案的初步建议.     

Lipoprotein subfraction changes after continuous or intermittent exercise training

PURPOSE: This study compared total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and their respective subfractions after completing 4 wk of either intermittent (INT-EX) or continuous (CON-EX) aerobic exercise training (TRAIN). METHODS: Untrained males (N = 7) and females (N = 11) completed 4 wk of TRAIN of supervised treadmill jogging occurring 5 d.wk(-1) for 30 min per session at 60% VO2max (75% HRmax). CON-EX was a single 30-min bout. INT-EX consisted of three 10-min bouts separated by 20 min of seated rest. Pre- and post-TRAIN fasting plasma samples were collected after subjects had followed 48 h of activity restriction and a 24-h repeated diet including a 12-h dietary fast. Postprandial lipemia was measured for 8 h following a standardized high-fat meal. RESULTS: Fasting triglycerides and very LDL-C were not affected by TRAIN, and TRAIN did not change postprandial area under the curve or peak in either group. With groups combined, TRAIN significantly decreased TC, total LDL-C, and the TC:HDL ratio, and increased HDL-C subfraction 2 and LDL mean particle size. Total intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unchanged at post-TRAIN, and was not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: To prevent dyslipidemia, our findings suggest that persons who are normolipidemic can improve the lipoprotein profile equally with CON-EX and INT-EX by lowered TC through the sum of changes in LDL-C subfractions, increased mean LDL particle size, and increased HDL-C subfraction 2 concentration.     

Blood lipids and lipoproteins in child and adolescent athletes

The purpose of this review is to describe the age- and gender-associated variation in blood lipids of young athletes and examine the association between training status, peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)), and body fatness with blood lipids in young athletes. Results from cross-sectional studies suggest similar levels of total cholesterol (TC), lower levels of triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in young athletes compared with controls. Longitudinal data show that the age- and gender-associated variation in blood lipids in young distance runners is similar to youth in the general population; TC and LDL-C remain stable, HDL-C declines during adolescence (especially in males), and TG increases with age. Considerable heterogeneity exists in the blood lipids of young athletes, including dyslipidaemic values. Age, sexual maturity status, training status, VO(2peak) and body fatness are determinants of blood lipids in young athletes. VO(2peak) is a significant predictor of HDL-C independent of body fatness. Further research is warranted to examine: the prevalence rates of dyslipidaemia in various sport groups; and the complex interactions of genes, biological maturation, exercise training, dietary intake and composition, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue properties on lipoprotein metabolism in young athletes.     

The effect of exercise intensity on serum lipoprotein responses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise intensity on lipoprotein responses. Eleven normolipidemic male volunteers (X +/- SD = 23.1 +/- 2.4) participated in the study. The subjects were assessed for VO2max and ventilatory threshold (VT), matched for VO2max and then randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A, which exercised for 12 minutes at an intensity 15% below VT (n = 5), and Group B, which exercised for 12 minutes at an intensity 15% above VT (n = 6). The lipoprotein measures HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were assessed from blood samples taken pre-exercise and immediately post-exercise as well as one, 24, and 48 hours post-exercise. A 2 X 5 split plot ANCOVA (controlling for pre-exercise values), revealed no significant differences between groups for HDL-C, TC or LDL-C. However, when means were collapsed across groups, TC levels measured immediately post-exercise were significantly higher than those taken 24 and 48 hours post-exercise (168.0, 159.1, and 159.9 mg.dl-1, respectively; p less than 0.05). A significant interaction was found for the TG measurements. For Group A, TG levels were elevated immediately post-exercise, but decreased significantly at the 1 and 24 hours post-exercise sampling, before returning to baseline levels at the 48 hour post-exercise measurement (93.2 +/- 3.1, 69.5 +/- 4.2, 66.8 +/- 6.7 and 99.5 +/- 2.1 mg.dl-1, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)