P38 MAPK-BCL-xL途径参与低氧预适应减轻小鼠脑缺血性损伤

目的 探讨P38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(P38MAPK)-BCL-xL抗凋亡途径在低氧预适应(HPC)保护小鼠缺血脑组织中的作用。方法 SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠(18～22g,8～10w)随机分为4组：常氧假手术(NS),常氧缺血(NI),HPC假手术(HS)和HPC缺血(HI)组。利用小鼠整体HPC模型、脑中动脉梗塞(MCAO)致脑皮层局部缺血模型及P38MAPK抑制剂SB203580的干预,用原位末端标记法(TUNEL) 观察神经细胞凋亡;用蛋白印迹(Western blot)检测抗凋亡蛋白BCL-xL的表达;用免疫沉淀技术探讨BCL-xL与P38MAPK之间的相互作用。结果 HPC可明显减少缺血皮层半影区内神经细胞凋亡数量,提高半影区线粒体内BCL-xL蛋白水平;侧脑室注射P38MAPK抑制剂SB203580可消除HPC在缺血半影区内的抗凋亡作用;免疫沉淀结果提示,BCL-xL与P38MAPK可能存在直接相互作用。结论 HPC可能通过P38MAPK-BCL-xL抗凋亡途径实现对缺血脑组织的保护作用。     

BML-111 Attenuates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α-Regulated Heme Oxygenase-1

We examine whether BML-111, a lipoxin receptor agonist, inhibits renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) or heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in protective effects of BML-111 on kidney against I/R injury. Rats subjected to renal I/R injury were treated with or without BML-111. Renal histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed. Expressions of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (pp38 MAPK), phosphorylated PPARα (pPPARα), and HO-1 were assessed in NRK-52E cells exposed to BML-111. The binding activity of PPARα to peroxisome proliferator-responsive element (PPRE) on HO-1 promoter in the cells was determined. BML-111 treatment resulted in a marked reduction in the severity of histological features of renal I/R injury, and attenuated the rise in renal myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and leucine aminopeptidase levels caused by I/R injury. BML-111 stimulated the renal expressions of pPPARα and HO-1, and cellular messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of pPPARα and HO-1 which were both blocked by GW6471, a selective PPARα antagonist, and ZnPP-IX, a specific inhibitor of HO-1 pretreatment. The pp38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 blocked the BML-111-induced expressions of pp38 MAPK, pPPARα, and HO-1 in NRK-52E cells. The binding activity of PPARα to PPRE in nuclear extracts of NRK-52E cells was enhanced by treatment of the cells with BML-111, and was suppressed by GW6471 and SB203580. BML-111 protects the kidney against I/R injury via activation of p38 MAPK/PPARα/HO-1 pathway.     

Inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway attenuates cerebral vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an important role in apoptosis and is also involved in the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we sought to examine whether inhibition of p38 MAPK could attenuate cerebral vasospasm and investigate the underlying mechanisms in a rabbit SAH model. SAH was established in rabbits (n=12/group) using the double-hemorrhage method. We observed apparent vasospasm in the basilar arteries of rabbits with SAH, which was significantly attenuated by SB203580, a selective p38MAPK inhibitor. Immunoblotting assays showed enhanced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ATF2 and increased caspase-3 cleavage following SAH, which were, however, markedly suppressed by SB203580. TUNEL staining further revealed significant apoptosis in the basilar arteries of rabbits with SAH, which was scantly present in rabbits treated with SB203580. Our results demonstrated that p38 MAPK was activated in cerebral vasospasm and associated with increased apoptosis in the basilar arteries and p38 MAPK inhibition suppressed apoptosis, suggesting that p38 MAPK could be a novel therapeutic target for cerebral vasospasm.     

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38的激活在四逆汤预处理诱导大鼠心肌延迟预适应中的作用

目的：探讨四逆汤能否诱导心肌延迟预适应及其机制。 方法： SD大鼠分为正常对照组、假手术组、缺血再灌注(I/R）组、延迟缺血预处理组、四逆汤预处理组。延迟缺血预处理组采用经典大鼠冠脉结扎，缺血5 min，再灌5 min，反复循环3次，24 h后缺血1 h，再灌1 h。四逆汤预处理组给予四逆汤灌胃(5 mL·kg-1·d-1)连续3 d，末次灌药24 h后缺血1 h，再灌1 h。以心肌梗死面积、心肌酶为评价指标，测定心肌中NO2-/NO3-的含量并通过免疫组化检测大鼠心肌p38 MAPK及PKC的表达。 结果： 延迟缺血预处理组及四逆汤预处理组心肌梗死面积、血清CK、LDH的值明显少于I/R组，NO2-/NO3-含量显著高于I/R组，p38 MAPK和PKC发生转位且蛋白表达明显高于I/R组。 结论： 四逆汤能诱导心肌延迟预适应，其机制与p38 MAPK的激活可能有关。     

P38 MAPK信号通路参与BMP-13诱导C3H10T1/2细胞向心肌样细胞分化

 目的 探讨P38MAPK对BMP-13诱导C3H10T1/2细胞向心肌样细胞分化的影响。方法 实验4个部分分组如下：1.BMP-13腺病毒（Ad-BMP-13）对P38MAPK的作用：Ad-BMP-13转染组、Ad-GFP转染组和C3H10空白组。Western blot检测磷酸化P38MAPK（p-P38MAPK）和总P38MAPK（t-P38MAPK）的表达变化,免疫荧光技术定位p-P38MAPK;2.P38MAPK干扰腺病毒（Ad-si-P38）对P38MAPK的作用：si-P38干扰组、si-NC干扰对照组和C3H10空白组。Western blot检测t-P38MAPK的表达;3.Ad-si-P38阻断P38MAPK后对BMP-13诱导分化的影响：si-P38+Ad-BMP-13转染组、si-NC+Ad-BMP-13转染组、si-NC+Ad-GFP转染组和C3H10空白组。Western blot检测cTnT和Cx43的表达,荧光定量PCR检测GATA-4和MEF-2C的mRNA表达;4.SB203580阻断P38MAPK后对BMP-13诱导分化的影响： DMSO+Ad-BMP-13转染组、SB203580(2、5和10μmol/L)+Ad-BMP-13转染组 。荧光定量PCR检测GATA-4和MEF-2C的mRNA表达。结果 BMP-13促进P38MAPK的磷酸化。Ad-si-P38可以有效降低P38MAPK表达水平。Ad-si-P38阻断P38MAPK后BMP-13诱导组cTnT、Cx43表达有明显降低（P<0.05）,GATA-4和MEF-2C的表达也有显著降低（P<0.05）。随P38MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580浓度增加,BMP-13诱导组GATA-4和MEF-2C的表达降低（P<0.05）。结论 Ad-BMP-13可以通过激活P38MAPK信号通路来调控C3H10T1/2细胞向心肌样细胞分化。     

大鼠心肌细胞缺氧预处理中COX2、iNOS和p38MAPK间信号转导关系的研究

目的:探讨大鼠心肌细胞缺氧预处理时COX₂的作用及COX₂、iNOS、p38MAPK3者间的关系。方法:实验分为5组:对照组、缺氧预处理组(IPC组)、SMT干预组(SMT组)、NS₃₉₈干预组(NS₃₉₈组)和SB₂₀₃₅₈₀干预组(SB组), 用Westernblotting法测定心肌细胞的COX₂、iNOS表达量和Phosph-p38MAPK量, 以LDH释放和台盼蓝排斥试验判断心肌细胞损伤程度。结果:SMT组和SB组COX₂表达明显少于缺氧预处理组(P＜0.01)。缺氧预处理组和NS₃₉₈组间iNOS表达量无显著差异。SB组iNOS表达量比缺氧预处理组和NS₃₉₈组低, 差异极显著(P<0.01)。SMT组和NS₃₉₈组的Phosph-p38MAPK量与缺氧预处理组无显著差异(P>0.05)。缺氧预处理组的LDH释放较对照组少、细胞存活率高;SMT组、NS₃₉₈组和SB组LDH释放较缺氧预处理组多、细胞存活率低。结论:缺氧预处理时COX₂、iNOS和p38MAPK表达、活化, 在其信号转导中, p38MAPK活化是iNOS的上游、并通过iNOS活化介导COX₂表达。     

p38MAPK介导高糖下调肾小管上皮细胞表达BMP-7

目的:观察高糖环境中培养的原代肾小管上皮细胞骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)表达及p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)信号通路的作用。方法:原代培养大鼠肾小管上皮细胞,随机分为正常对照组、高糖组、p38MAPK阻断剂SB202190+高糖组和高渗组,处理72h后收集贴壁细胞,免疫细胞化学检测BMP-7和纤维连接蛋白(FN)表达;Westernblotting检测p38MAPK和磷酸化p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)的表达;RT-PCR法检测BMP-7和FNmRNA水平。结果:正常对照组肾小管上皮细胞BMP-7主要表达于细胞浆,有少量总p38MAPK与FN表达,未见p-p38MAPK;高糖状态激活了p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK蛋白表达明显增加,FN的表达也明显增多而BMP-7的表达显著减少;与SB202190共同培养72h后,p-p38MAPK的表达较高糖组减少约80%,BMP-7的表达却被显著上调,而FN的表达减少。高渗组与正常对照组比较无明显差异。结论:高糖状态下肾小管上皮细胞BMP-7蛋白和mRNA均减少,阻断p38MAPK信号通路可促进内源性BMP-7增多,提示p38MAPK可能参与高糖下调肾小管上皮细胞BMP-7的表达。     

TGF-β1激活的p38MAPK在TGF-β1上调人卵巢癌细胞PAI-1表达中的作用

目的:纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)在凝血、创伤修复、炎症和肿瘤转移中起重要作用。已有报道转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)能通过Smad通路诱导PAI-1表达,但TGF-β1能否通过激活非Smad通路诱导PAI-1表达尚不清楚,因此本研究探讨了在卵巢癌细胞中TGF-β1激活的非Smad通路p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)和细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)与TGF-β1上调PAI-1表达的关系。方法:用10μg/L TGF-β1处理卵巢癌SKOV3细胞和HO-8910细胞后,采用real-time PCR和Western blotting的方法检测PAI-1的表达,用磷酸化p38MAPK的抗体和磷酸化ERK的抗体检测p38 MAPK和ERK的激活情况,用p38 MAPK和ERK的特异性抑制剂SB203580和PD98059分别抑制其活性后,检测PAI-1的表达。结果:TGF-β1在卵巢癌细胞中可明显上调PAI-1mRNA和蛋白的表达,并可快速激活p38 MAPK和ERK。用p38 MAPK的抑制剂可以明显抑制TGF-β1上调PAI-1表达,但是抑制ERK活性对TGF-β1上调PAI-1表达没有明显影响。结论:TGF-β1激活的p38 MAPK通路参与了TGF-β1上调PAI-1的表达。     

缺血预处理对缺血/再灌注脑的保护及其与微循环调节功能的关系研究

目的:探讨缺血预处理(IPC)是否对缺血/再灌注(I/R)脑细胞具有保护效应及其与微循环调节功能间的关系。方法:I/R与IPC组大鼠均复制脑I/R损伤模型,IPC组增加于I/R之前24h进行的短暂脑缺血预处理。动物均开颅窗观察缺血前、缺血后、再灌后脑软膜微循环指标;并取脑组织作红四氮唑(TTC)染色观察缺血损伤情况。结果:I/R组TTC染色后大多数出现不规则的缺血损伤的淡染区,而IPC组明显少见。IPC组缺血及再灌之后毛细血管累计总长度、微循环血流量、微血管内血流速度之相对增加值均大于I/R组。I/R组于再灌注之后有无复流现象;而IPC组此时呈灌注增加的过程。结论:IPC通过提高微循环的调节功能,促进毛细血管的相对性开放和血流的相对性加快,减轻缺血期组织血流低灌注和再灌注期无复流现象,从而对I/R脑产生一定保护作用。     

3-硝基丙酸预处理对脑缺血耐受模型GLUT1和GLUT3表达的影响

目的: 探讨3-硝基丙酸(3-NPA)预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血半暗带区不同再灌注时点GLUT1和GLUT3 mRNA及蛋白水平表达的影响。方法: 雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为假手术组(sham组,n=4)、预处理对照组(3-NPA组,n=4)、大脑中动脉缺血组(M组,n=16)、3-NPA 预处理组(IPC组,n=16)。M组和IPC组按再灌注时间(4 h、12 h、24 h及48 h)不同又分为4个亚组,每组动物4只。将大鼠在相应时点断头取脑,取缺血侧(左侧)冠状面中间1/3皮质,分别采用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测GLUT1、GLUT3 mRNA和蛋白水平表达情况。结果: IPC组GLUT1 mRNA表达在缺血再灌注后4 h开始升高,48 h最大,显著高于sham组和M组相应时点。IPC组GLUT3 mRNA表达在24 h增高,48 h最高,与M组相应时点24 h、48 h及sham组比较显著增高。IPC组比M组的GLUT1蛋白、GLUT3蛋白表达增高,有显著差异(F=5.848,P<0.05;F=6.295,P<0.05),尤以缺血再灌注后48 h两者差异最明显。结论: 3-NPA预处理能诱导脑缺血耐受,其机制可能是上调GLUT1和GLUT3 mRNA及蛋白表达水平,维持脑组织的能量供给。     

Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Down-regulates the Inflammatory Osteolysis Response to Titanium Particles in a Murine Osteolysis Model

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway is involved in the osteoclast differentiation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, inhibits wear-debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis in mice. Forty-five mice were implanted with calvaria bone from syngeneic littermates; then, titanium (Ti) particles were injected into established air pouches to provoke inflammatory osteolysis. At 14?days after bone/Ti implantation, pouch membranes with intact bone implants underwent histological and molecular analysis. SB203580 had less effect on MMP-9 and TNF-?? expression under wear-debris-induced conditions. SB203580, by inhibiting the expression of p38 MAPK and phospho-p38 MAPK, inhibited Ti particle wear-debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis. It also remarkably decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive cells in Ti-particle-induced pouch tissues. Results suggest that p38 MAPK may be critical in a murine osteolysis model. SB203580 may notably inhibit wear-debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis by down-regulating expression of MMP-9 and TNF-?? via the p38 MAPK pathway.     

Differential consequences of protein kinase C activation during early and late hepatic ischemic preconditioning

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in the protection of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), but the exact role of PKC in early and late hepatic IPC is still unclear. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the differential role of PKC during early and late hepatic IPC. Rats were subjected to 90 min of partial hepatic ischemia followed by 3 (early IPC) and 24 h (late IPC) of reperfusion. IPC was induced by 10 min of ischemia following 10 min of reperfusion prior to sustained ischemia, and chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, was injected 10 min before IPC (5 mg/kg, i.v.). Chelerythrine abrogated the protection of early IPC, as indicated by increased serum aminotransferase activities and decreased hepatic glutathione content. While the IPC-treated group showed a few apoptotic cell deaths during both phases, chelerythrine attenuated these changes only at late IPC and limited IPC-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression. Membrane translocation of PKC-δ and -ε during IPC was blocked by chelerythrine. Our results suggest that PKC might play a differential role in early and late IPC; activation of PKC-δ and -ε prevents necrosis in early IPC through preservation of redox state and prevents apoptosis in late IPC with iNOS and HO-1 induction. Therefore, PKC represents a promising target for hepatocyte tolerance to ischemic injury, and understanding the differential role of PKC in early and late IPC is important for clinical application of IPC.     

Cochlear protection from acoustic injury by inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and sequestosome 1 stress protein

This study evaluated the protective role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitors and sequestosome 1 (Sqstm1/A170/p62), a stress-induced signal modulator, in acoustic injury of the cochlea in mice. Two weeks after the exposure of mice to acoustic stress, threshold shifts of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) from the pre-exposure level and hair cell loss were evaluated. The activation of p38 MAPK was observed in cochlea by immunostaining 4 h after acoustic stress. To examine the role of p38 MAPK in tissue injury, its inhibitors were i.p. injected into male wild-type C57BL mice before the acoustic overexposure. The inhibitors SB202190 and SB203580 but not the inactive analogue SB202474 dose-dependently decreased the auditory threshold shift and outer hair cell loss induced by acoustic overexposure, suggesting the involvement of p38 MAPK in ototoxicity. We found that acoustic overexposure induced the up-regulation of Sqstm1 mRNA expression in the cochlea of wild-type mice and that SQSTM1-deficient mice exhibited an enhanced ABR threshold shift and hair cell loss, suggesting a role of SQSTM1 in the protection of tissue from acoustic stress.     

Involvement of p38MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Osteoblasts Differentiation in Response to Mechanical Stretch

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to be important in osteoblasts' response to mechanical stimuli. BMPs/Smad signaling pathway has been demonstrated to play a regulatory role in the mechanical signal transduction in osteoblasts. However, little is currently known about the Smad independent pathway in osteoblasts differentiation in mechanical loading. In this study, MC3T3-E1 cells were subjected to mechanical stretch of 2000?micro-stain (με) at 0.5?Hz, in order to investigate the involvement of p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in mechanical response in osteoblasts. We found BMP-2/BMP-4 were up-regulated by mechanical stretch via the earlier activation of p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which enhanced osteogenic gene expressions including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (Col I) and osteocalcin (OCN), and the expressions of these osteogenic genes were remarkably decreased with Noggin (an inhibitor for BMPs signals) pretreatment. Furthermore, BMP-2/BMP-4 expressions were suppressed by PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB pathway and SB203580, an inhibitor of p38MAPK pathway, respectively, leading to the declined levels of ALP, Col I and OCN. Interestingly, blocking in p38MAPK pathway can also cause the inactivation of NF-κB pathway in mechanical stretch. Collectively, the results indicate during mechanical stretch p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways are activated first, and then up-regulate BMP-2/BMP-4 to enhance osteogenic gene expressions. Moreover, p38MAPK and NF-κB signals have cross-talk in regulation of BMP-2/BMP-4 in mechanical response.     

骨形态发生蛋白-7在缺血和缺氧性损伤尾壳核细胞内的表达

目的 研究内源性骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)在缺血缺氧性损伤神经组织的表达情况,探讨内源性BMP-7在脑缺血中对损伤神经组织的保护作用.方法 制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠脑缺血再灌注24h后和原代培养尾壳核细胞缺氧复氧状态下BMP-7的表达.用计算机图像分析系统测量免疫阳性产物的吸光度值,并进行统计学分析.结果 大鼠在脑缺血再灌注24h后,其缺血侧BMP-7尾壳核较非缺血侧表达明显增高且范围扩大,缺血侧平均吸光度值与非缺血侧比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);而在正常对照组和假手术组均未检测到双侧尾壳核内BMP-7的表达.原代培养尾壳核细胞缺氧复氧24h后神经元胞浆内出现BMP-7的阳性产物,但表达较弱,而正常尾壳核细胞未见BMP-7表达,结论缺氧缺血可引起内源性BMP-7的表达.提示内源性BMP-7对缺血缺氧性损伤的神经组织具有一定的保护作用.     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路介导的早期生长反应基因-1活性与乳腺癌细胞表柔比星耐药性的关系

目的 探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路介导的早期生长反应基因(EGR)-1活性与乳腺癌细胞表柔比星耐药的关系.方法 SB203580(15 μmol/L)干预后,激光共聚焦显微镜观察;流式细胞术、四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)、凝胶电泳迁移率法(EMSA)、RT-PCR及Western blot分别检测耐药MCF-7/Adr及亲本MCF-7细胞内磷酸化p38MAPK蛋白表达、细胞凋亡及细胞内表柔比星浓度、EGR-1蛋白活性改变、细胞对表柔比星敏感性;EGR-1 mRNA、P糖蛋白、磷酸化p53及p38蛋白表达.结果 p38MAPK通路激活的MCF-7/Adr细胞经SB203580(15 μmol/L)干预24和48 h后,(1)MCF-7/Adr细胞(早+晚期)凋亡率分别由(0.54±0.17)%和(0.81±0.16)%提高为(25.36±1.17)%和(38.21±1.25)%,P<0.05,并呈一定时间依赖性;(2)MCF-7/Adr细胞的平均荧光强度分别为(32.45±2.36)及(41.66±3.12),均高于空白对照组及DMSO组MCF-7/Adr细胞的(14.17±1.45)及(16.28±0.63),P<0.01;MCF-7/Adr细胞对表柔比星药物的耐受性显著降低;(3)增加了MCF-7/Adr细胞的EGR-1活性,IC50分别为(21.53±2.17)和(8.77±1.02),低于空白对照组(40.74±2.56);伴随p38MAPK通路活性抑制和EGR-1 mRNA表达增加,磷酸化p53蛋白表达显著上调,而P糖蛋白显著下调.结论 p38MAPK通路与乳腺癌表柔比星耐药密切相关,可能与p38MAPK通路介导的EGR-1表达相关,EGR-1激活抑制了其下游耐药基因转录,从而使表柔比星耐药得以逆转.     

Does nitric oxide generation contribute to the mechanism of remote ischemic preconditioning?

The protective effect of local or remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on subsequent 40-min ischemic and 120-min reperfusion myocardial damage was investigated. Preconditioned rats underwent one cycle of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion consisting of 5-min ischemia produced as a left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion and 5 min of reperfusion. Remote IPC was produced as 15 min of small intestinal ischemia with 15 min of reperfusion as well as 30 min of limb ischemia with 15 min of reperfusion. A marked protective action was afforded by both IPC protocols with a more significant effect of local (classic) ischemic preconditioning. Since the protective effect of remote IPC was not abolished by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition with Nω-nitro- -arginine ( -NNA) it is concluded that NO generation may not be involved in the mechanism of remote IPC.     

辛伐他汀通过抑制p38 MAPK活化降低肝硬化门静脉高压大鼠门静脉压力

 目的:探讨p38 MAPK信号通路在辛伐他汀降低肝硬化门静脉高压症大鼠门静脉压力（PP）中的作用。方法:采用四氯化碳复合因素法构建大鼠肝硬化门静脉高压症模型,成模后将存活大鼠随机分为模型组（n=10）、辛伐他汀治疗组（n=11）和p38 MAPK信号通路抑制剂SB203580处理组（n=10）,后2组分别给予辛伐他汀及SB203580干预处理;另设正常对照组（n=8）。处理结束后检测大鼠PP、肝脏总p38 MAPK蛋白、磷酸化p38 MAPK蛋白、总eNOS蛋白、磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平以及肝脏一氧化氮（NO）含量的变化。结果:（1）模型组大鼠PP明显高于正常对照组;辛伐他汀治疗组及SB203580处理组PP均明显低于模型组（P＜0.01）,辛伐他汀治疗组PP明显低于SB203580处理组（P＜0.01）。（2）与正常大鼠相比,模型组大鼠肝脏总p38 MAPK蛋白及总eNOS蛋白表达水平无明显变化（P＞0.05）,而磷酸化p38 MAPK蛋白及磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平分别增高与降低（P＜0.01）;辛伐他汀治疗组大鼠肝脏磷酸化p38 MAPK蛋白及磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平分别降低与增高（P＜0.01）;SB203580处理组大鼠肝脏磷酸化p38 MAPK蛋白及磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平分别降低与增高（P＜0.01）,但磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平增高的程度低于辛伐他汀治疗组（P＜0.01）。(3)辛伐他汀治疗组肝脏NO含量［（15.73±1.59） μmol/(g protein)］及SB203580处理组肝脏NO含量［（13.98±1.27) μmol/(g protein)］明显高于模型组［（9.81±1.12） μmol/（g protein）］（P＜0.01）,辛伐他汀治疗组NO含量明显高于SB203580处理组（P＜0.01）。结论: 辛伐他汀降低肝硬化门静脉高压症大鼠门静脉压力可能与其抑制p38 MAPK信号通路的活化有关。     

缺血后适应对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注所致自噬的抑制作用

目的:探讨缺血后适应对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注所致自噬的影响。方法:取健康雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术(sham)组、缺血再灌注(I/R)组、缺血后适应(IPC)组,每组各10只。Sham组仅单纯暴露右侧颈总、颈内和颈外动脉;I/R组采用Longa改良线栓法制备大鼠右侧大脑中动脉缺血2 h、再灌注24 h模型;IPC组大鼠缺血2 h后,同侧颈总动脉再通10 s/闭塞10 s,循环5次,然后全面恢复血流再灌注24 h。采用透射电镜观察脑细胞自噬情况;Western blot法测定各组大鼠脑组织中哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(m TOR)、磷酸化m TOR(pm TOR)和微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)-Ⅱ的蛋白表达水平;TTC法检测脑梗死面积;干湿称重法测定脑组织含水量;HE染色观察脑组织病理学变化。结果:IPC组m TOR、p-m TOR均显著高于I/R组(P0.05),LC3-Ⅱ显著低于I/R组(P0.01)。IPC组脑梗死面积、脑组织含水量均显著低于I/R组(P0.01)。HE染色显示,IPC组神经元变性、坏死较I/R组明显减轻。透射电镜显示IPC组神经元损伤程度明显减轻,自噬泡明显减少。结论:IPC通过减少细胞内自噬而减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤,可能与增强m TOR作用有关。