Internalized Stigma, Social Distance, and Disclosure of HIV Seropositivity in Rural Uganda

Background

HIV is highly stigmatized, compromising both treatment and prevention in resource-limited settings.

Purpose

We sought to study the relationship between internalized HIV-related stigma and serostatus disclosure and to determine the extent to which this association varies with the degree of social distance.

Methods

We fit multivariable Poisson regression models, with cluster-correlated robust estimates of variance, to data from 259 persons with HIV enrolled in an ongoing cohort study in rural Uganda.

Results

Persons with more internalized stigma were less likely to disclose their seropositivity. The magnitude of association increased with social distance such that the largest association was observed for public disclosures and the smallest association was observed for disclosures to sexual partners.

Conclusions

Among persons with HIV in rural Uganda, internalized stigma was negatively associated with serostatus disclosure. The inhibiting effect of stigma was greatest for the most socially distant ties.     

The Role of Perceived Social Support in the Relationship Between Being Bullied and Mental Health Difficulties in Adolescents

School Mental Health - The aim of the study was to test the relationship between experiences of being bullied, cyberbullied, and mental health difficulties, and whether these relationships are...     

Stigma and Social Support in Pharmaceutical Opioid Treatment Populations: a Scoping Review

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction - Pharmaceutical opioid (PO) use and harms are increasing dramatically. Treatment related stigma may present as a treatment barrier for people...     

Prospective Associations Between HIV-Related Stigma,Transmission Risk Behaviors,and Adverse Mental Health Outcomes in Men Who Have Sex with Men

Background  

Past research has found that a variety of physical, psychological, and social factors can affect quality of life (QOL). These previous findings suggest that interventions that address these factors could potentially improve QOL.     

The Mediating Role of Social Support in the Relationship Between Parenting Stress and Resilience Among Chinese Parents of Children with Disability

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Few studies have examined the relationships among parents’ resilience, parenting stress, and social support. This study surveyed 486 parents of...     

Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Psychological Well-Being Among Students Based On Mediating Role of Academic Motivation

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being among students based on mediating role of academic motivation. Participants were 371 female high school students from second and third-grade students who were randomly selected by applying a multi-stage cluster sampling technique in Tehran, Iran. To examine the research variables, Psychological Well-being Questionnaire of Ryff (1989). Social Support Appraisals Scale of Vaux et al. (1986). and Academic Motivation Measure of Harter (1981) were used. Data analysis was done by calculating correlation coefficients and path analysis. The findings showed that the perceived social support directly and positively influence significant psychological well-being and academic motivation. The path analysis revealed that perceived social support might indirectly have an effect on psychological well-being through mediating role of academic motivation. The perceived social support explained 13 % of the academic motivation variation, and academic motivation predicted 37 % of variation in psychological well-being.     

Testing Social Cognitive Models of Mental Illness Stigma: The Prairie State Stigma Studies

Abstract

Social cognitive models of stigma define the relationship among: signals that suggest a person is mentally ill, stigmatizing attitudes about the person with mental illness, affective reactions to the stigmatizing attitude, and behavior responses to these attitudes and emotions. The Prairie State Stigma Studies were a set of investigations completed over the past five years examining stigma from the perspective of the general public. Several of the studies examined path models that explain the relationship between stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory behavior. Among the many results was the finding that stigmatizing attitudes about dangerousness were especially problematic, leading to fear and avoidance of persons with mental illness. The studies also examined ways to change stigmatizing attitudes and corresponding behaviors. Results suggested that contact with persons who are challenged by psychiatric disabilities has a broad and positive effect on public stigma. Future directions for research on social cognitive models of stigma are discussed.     

The Association Between Cannabis Use and Perceived Social Support: the Mediating Role of Decreased Social Network

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction - In recent years, accumulating evidence has pointed to the possible negative effects of cannabis use in social and interpersonal context. In...     

The Relationship Between Social Intelligence and Death Anxiety Among Elderly People Living in Iranshahr,Iran

Social relationships may influence overall health and death anxiety’s occurrence among elderly people. This study aims to further explore the relationship between social intelligence and death anxiety to increase the understanding of factors influencing the health in elderly populations. 100 elderly subjects living in Iranshahr, Iran, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study to complete Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale and the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale. Social intelligence was found to have a negative relationship with the death anxiety (p > 0/005). The negative relationship between social intelligence and death anxiety suggests further strategies to promote social intelligence in the elderly population.     

The Links Between Psycho and Social

Abstract

This study examined the influence of bomb-related television viewing in the context of physical and emotional exposure on posttraumatic stress symptoms—intrusion, avoidance, and arousal—in middle school students following the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. Over 2,000 middle school students in Oklahoma City were surveyed 7 weeks after the incident. The primary outcome measures were the total posttraumatic stress symptom score and symptom cluster scores at the time of assessment. Bomb-related television viewing in the aftermath of the disaster was extensive. Both emotional and television exposure were associated with post-traumatic stress at 7 weeks. Among children with no physical or emotional exposure, the degree of television exposure was directly related to posttraumatic stress symptomatology. These findings suggest that television viewing in the aftermath of a disaster may make a small contribution to subsequent posttraumatic stress symptomatology in children or that increased television viewing may be a sign of current distress and that it should be monitored. Future research should examine further whether early symptoms predict increased television viewing and/or whether television viewing predicts subsequent symptoms.     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与卒中的关系

目的 探讨高同型半胱氨酸（Homocysteine,Hcy）血症与卒中的关系。方法 选择卒中患者102例（66例脑梗死和36例脑出血）为卒中组,与病例组年龄、性别、种族等相匹配的未患过卒中来院进行健康体检者102例为对照组。采用高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定两组的血清Hcy水平。同时检测叶酸、维生素B12、血糖、血脂等。结果 卒中组血清Hcy水平显著高于对照组（20±9μmol/L vs 9±6μmol/L,P<0.01）;脑梗死和脑出血患者的血清Hcy水平无统计学差异（P>0.05）;血清叶酸及维生素B12水平与血清Hcy均呈负相关;Logistic回归分析显示,高Hcy血症卒中的独立危险因素（OR 4.875,95%CI 1.902～8.552,P<0.05）。结论 高Hcy血症是卒中的独立危险因素;叶酸和VitB12的缺乏可能是导致高Hcy血症的原因之一。     

The Mannheim Interview on Social Support

Summary Social support questionnaires usually provide scant information about the members of supporting networks, while network-analytical approaches often fail to sufficiently detail the functional aspects of social support available to an individual. A structured interview, the Mannheim Interview on Social Support (MISS) is presented which combines the advantages of both approaches by mapping an individual's social resources in a support matrix of [network members] [relationship characteristics + support functions]. Stability and validity data collected in three different samples (discharged depressed in-patients, university students, and parents of children afflicted with cancer) are reported. Test-retest correlations are compared with alternative measures of stability, and the relationship of various MISS scores to scores based on conceptually related instruments is explored. The results indicate good test-retest stability of the main functional and structural MISS scoresr _tt=0.66 to 0.88 for a four-week interval, andr _tt=0.42 to 0.79 for a sixmonth-interval). It is shown that the MISS captures several dimensions of a person's social support environment not covered by questionnaires targeting subjective perceptions of support.The research on which this paper is based was made possible, in part, by Grant No. Ve 97/2 from the German Research Association (DFG).     

Association Between Resilience and Quality of life in Wenchuan Earthquake Shidu parents: The Mediating Role of Social Support

Of the Wenchuan earthquake victims, there was a special group who lost their only child, known as the Shidu parents. The purpose of this paper is to examine social support as a moderator between resilience and quality of life (QOL) in Shidu parents. A cross-sectional sample survey was conducted to collect data from 22 earthquake-stricken counties in Sichuan province. Of the Shidu parents from the Wenchuan earthquake, being of Han ethnicity, receiving a high monthly income, having a high education, having lost a younger child (18–27), and having lost a male child were all risk factors for a lower QOL (p?<?0.05). This study highlighted that different types of social support have different roles in building resilience and improving QOL. The results emphasized the importance of developing suitable social support strategies as mediators to improve resilience and the QOL in Shidu parents.     

Social Support as Mediator and Moderator of the Relationship Between Parenting Stress and Life Satisfaction Among the Chinese Parents of Children with ASD

Although numerous studies have demonstrated that social support affects a range of life experiences, few have examined its moderating and mediating effects. In the current study, 479 Chinese parents of children with ASD (aged 3–18 years) completed the surveys assessing parenting stress, social support and life satisfaction. Results indicated that parenting stress, social support and life satisfaction were significantly related. Moreover, social support both mediated and moderated the influence of parenting stress on life satisfaction. These findings imply that parenting stress and social support are critical indicators of life satisfaction and can serve as basic intervention strategies that promote life satisfaction among Chinese parents of children with ASD.     

Stigma Towards Depression in Rural Ireland: A Qualitative Exploration

The configuration of one’s social environment influences the course and experience of depression. Research suggests that experiencing depression is associated with stigmatisation and the concomitant experiencing of discrimination across many facets of social life. This is identified as a particularly important factor in rural communities. Contemporary work is absent in relation to understanding the stigma towards depression in Ireland, and its manifestation in rural Ireland specifically. Evidence is presented which suggests that depression is a significant source of stigmatisation in this setting, and that entrenched views centring upon disability and fear are prevalent.     

Quality Indicators for Family Support Services and Their Relationship to Organizational Social Context

Quality measurement is an important component of healthcare reform. The relationship of quality indicators (QIs) for parent-delivered family support services to organizational social contexts known to improve quality is unexamined. This study employs data collected from 21 child mental health programs that deliver team-based family support services. Performance on two levels of QIs—those targeting the program and staff—were significantly associated with organizational social context profiles and dimensions. High quality program policies are associated with positive organizational cultures and engaging climates. Inappropriate staff practices are associated with resistant cultures. Implications for organizational strategies to improve service quality are discussed.