PTA及药物洗脱支架在老年人胭动脉以下临界缺血性病变的临床应用

目的研究探讨血管腔内治疗技术在老年人胭动脉以下临界缺血性病变应用的可行性及效果。方法回顾性总结2004年8月至2006年4月阃中国人民解放军总医院应用球囊扩张成形术（erA）治疗膪动脉以下病变15例（18条肢体）的效果，其中合并应用药物洗脱支架治疗4条肢体。病人年龄65—89岁，平均76岁。结果PrA技术成功率89％（16／18），治疗病变部位21处；选择性地对4条肢体有复发的局限性短段狭窄闭塞的5处病变应用了5枚药物洗脱支架置入治疗。术中造影即可见病变血管恢复通畅，术后均有不同程度的症状改善。无围手术期死亡及严重并发症发生。44％（8／18）术后6个月有复发，在多数复发病人中能够成功地再次进行PTA。结论PTA及药物洗脱支架在胭动脉以下病变应用的技术上可行并可重复治疗；近期临床意义主要表现在改善症状、保趾、保足或促进溃疡愈合方面。     

腘动脉局域超选技术用于股浅动脉内膜下顺行开通

目的 研究腘动脉局域超选法在完成股浅动脉顺向内膜下开通中的作用.方法 2009年1月至2011年12月对467例患者(550条肢体)行腔内治疗,病变均为泛大西洋协作组(Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus,TASC)定义的ⅡC/D级股腘动脉闭塞.统计其中直接应用腘动脉局域超选技术和传统真腔超选方法的62条肢体,观察其手术成功率、手术时间、症状改善和随访情况.结果 在550条肢体中,62条肢体直接应用了腘动脉局域超选技术,其中9条肢体未能顺向返回真腔操作.53条肢体(85.5％)完成手术,平均手术时间(69 ±24) min,平均支架应用数(1.8±0.6)枚,平均覆盖长度(33 ±6) cm.46条肢体(86.8％)术后早期症状有所改善,6条无明显变化,1条截肢.39条肢体术后随访1年,6个月通畅率为87.1％,12个月通畅率69.2％.另外488条肢体应用传统超选方法的肢体中,完成顺向开通378条(77.5％),平均手术时间(89±30)min,平均支架应用数(2.1±0.6)枚,平均覆盖长度(31 ±13) cm.79.4％( 300/378)的肢体术后早期症状得到改善,292条肢体进行了术后1年的随访,6个月通畅率为92.1(269/292),12个月通畅率61.0％(178/292).结论 股浅动脉长段闭塞患者的腔内治疗中,采用腘动脉局部超选法可以在不增加移植物基础上有效缩短手术时间.     

长支架植入治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的观察长支架治疗长段或多节段股腘动脉狭窄闭塞病变的可行性及近期疗效。方法 2008年11月—2010年10月收治60例(共70条肢体)股腘动脉硬化闭塞的患者,应用长球囊对狭窄或闭塞性病变进行扩张成形后植入自膨式长支架(长度8～20 cm)治疗;对合并膝下动脉硬化闭塞者(24条肢体)同期应用DEEP球囊进行扩张成形。观察技术成功率、术中及术后并发症发生率和临床疗效。结果股腘动脉球囊扩张和长支架植入的技术成功率为94.3%(66/70条肢体);同期膝下动脉球囊扩张成功率为83.3%(20/24条肢体),其中3例胫腓干因扩张后弹性回缩各植入支架1枚。术后患者临床症状均明显改善,静息痛消失;ABI由术前0.45(0.44±0.20)提高至0.84(0.86±0.24)(P<0.01)。仅在股浅动脉扩张后局部破裂形成肌间血肿2例,未发生其他并发症。结论长支架治疗长段或多节段股腘动脉狭窄闭塞病变是一种微创、安全、近期疗效好的治疗方法,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

股浅动脉闭塞122例治疗体会

目的总结股浅动脉支架与股-腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术治疗股浅动脉闭塞病变的效果。方法选取我院2008年1月至2011年4月期间接受经皮腔内血管成形术+支架置入术(简称"PTA/S术组")或股-腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术(简称"动脉旁路移植术组")治疗股浅动脉闭塞病变的122例患者(136条患肢)作为研究对象。记录患者的年龄、住院时间、术前合并症、术后并发症、TASCⅡ分级、远端流出道情况、一期通畅率、有无截肢、死亡等。结果 1 PTA/S术组有64例74条患肢,动脉旁路移植术组有58例62条患肢,PTA/S术组患者的年龄大于动脉旁路移植术组(P0.05);PTA/S术组TASCⅡA、B级病变肢体所占比例较动脉旁路移植术组高(P0.05),TASCⅡC、D级病变肢体所占比例较动脉旁路移植术组低(P0.05);PTA/S术组拥有1条和3条远端流出道血管的患肢数目分别较动脉旁路移植术组多(P0.05);2组患者拥有2条远端流出道血管的患肢数目、术前合并糖尿病、合病高血压、合病糖尿病及高血压以及术前吸烟史病例数比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2 2组患者均无围手术期死亡患者;PTA/S术组的住院时间短于动脉旁路移植术组〔(7.2±1.2)d和(14.1±1.4)d,P0.05〕;而术后3年死亡率PTA/S术组高于动脉旁路移植术组(4.7%比1.7%,P0.05);切口感染率PTA/S术组低于动脉旁路移植术组(0比3.2%,P0.05);2组患者截肢率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2组患者术后6、12及24个月一期通畅率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),36个月一期通畅率动脉旁路移植术组明显高于PTA/S术组(50.0%比40.5%,P0.05)。结论对于股浅动脉闭塞采用股-腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术能够获得较高的远期通畅率,但住院时间较长,个别患者会发生切口感染。股浅动脉球囊扩张成形+支架置入术手术创伤小,患者恢复快,住院时间短,对于年龄大,身体状况较差不能耐受股-腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术的患者有重要意义,但其远期通畅率有待进一步提高。     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症治疗中载药器械应用

以药物洗脱支架和药物涂层球囊为代表的载药器械的应用,为下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗提供了新的策略。围绕二者的高证据级别的临床试验也广泛开展。在对股腘动脉病变的治疗中,负载紫杉醇的药物洗脱支架及药物涂层球囊均表现出较好的一期通畅率,但在改善症状方面结果并不一致。在治疗膝下动脉病变中,药物洗脱支架的优势已基本确立,而药物涂层球囊的潜在价值尚待更多临床试验予以证实。     

PTA及血管内支架治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的应用

目的 探讨经皮腔内球囊扩张血管成形术及血管内支架治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的临床应用价值.方法 全组11例,共18条患肢(闭塞病变22个节段).15段闭塞长度在7cm以内者作PTA,病灶分别位于髂总动脉6段、器外动脉2段、股浅动脉7段;15段中有4段与PTA同时置入血管内支架.另外长段闭塞的7段,于短段作PTA同时或在术后1周内作动脉重建术,其中腹主-股总动脉转流术1段、腹主-股深动脉1段、股-腘动脉3段、腘动脉间置移植术1段、股深动脉成形术1段.结果 1条患肢因PTA失败即改作转流术,2条患肢术后并发股浅动脉急性栓塞,作取栓治疗后,均恢复血循环.术后近期内,全组18条患肢临床症状改善,其中16条末梢动脉搏动恢复,踝/肱指数由术前0.54±0.11增高至0.79±0.15.随访6～72个月后,2条作PTA患肢的股浅动脉分别于1年和5年后再次闭塞.结论 经皮腔内球囊扩张血管成形术是治疗下肢动脉闭塞性疾病的有效方法,血管内支架置放有助于提高通畅率,多节段动脉闭塞性病变联合手术重建,可简化手术操作,缩小手术创伤.     

微创技术结合外科手术治疗重症下肢缺血

目的 探讨术中血管微创治疗技术结合外科手术治疗重症下肢缺血的初步临床经验。方法 1999年7月至2000年10月,采用术中同时行髂动脉腔内微创治疗技术(球囊扩张和支架植入)结合肢体远端动脉重建术治疗广泛多节段动脉硬化闭塞症15例(20条肢体)。结果 术中17条髂动脉微创介入治疗均获成功,11条肢体同时行股-腘动脉人工血管旁路术,3条肢体行股-股-腘动脉人工血管旁路系列转流术,5条肢体行股深动脉成形术。其中有1条肢体股-腘动脉旁路术失败。本组患者无重要脏器并发症和手术死亡。平均随访时间8个月(1-16个月),髂动脉腔内支架通畅率100％,3条股-股动脉耻骨上人工血管转流均通畅,而股-腘动脉人工血管通畅率78．6％,截肢率10．0％。结论 术中髂动脉腔内微创介入治疗技术同时结合远端动脉重建术是治疗广泛多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的害全右特肯沸．     

SilverHawk斑块切除系统用于治疗股腘动脉硬化性闭塞症

目的 评价SilverHawk斑块切除系统治疗股腘动脉硬化性闭塞症的安全性及近期疗效. 方法 2011年4月至2012年5月采用SilverHawk斑块切除系统治疗股腘动脉硬化性闭塞症患者36例(40条动脉).男28例,女8例,年龄60 ～ 84岁,平均(72 ±6)岁.所有患者术前均行下肢动脉CTA检查及动脉造影明确诊断,其中股腘动脉原发性病变25条动脉,股腘动脉支架内再闭塞15条.按泛大西洋协作组(TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus,TASC)Ⅱ分型A、B、C、D型病变分别为6、6、9、4条;Rutherford分级3～5级,术前踝肱指数(ankle brachial index,ABI) 0.53±0.12.结果 本组技术成功率100％,治疗成功率87.5％ (35/40),无死亡病例.3例术中出现并发症:2例为血管损伤,其中1例采用覆膜支架处理,另1例因出血不严重,未予特殊处理;1例发生远侧肢体动脉栓塞,采用导管吸栓.所有患者术后症状较术前减轻,术后ABI 0.72±0.18.所有患者均获得随访,平均(6.4±1.2)个月.其中1例在术后6个月出现再狭窄,再次置入球囊扩支架;对3例出现并发症患者行彩超随访,患肢股腘动脉病变段及栓塞处动脉通畅.结论 SilverHawk斑块切除系统治疗股腘动脉硬化性闭塞症安全有效,近期效果满意.     

腘动脉闭塞的手术治疗经验

目的 探讨单纯腘动脉闭塞的外科治疗的策略及效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2008年6月25例单纯腘动脉闭塞患者手术治疗的临床资料.男性18例,女性7例;年龄17～83岁,平均(53±21)岁.急性缺血11例11条肢体(42.3%),慢性缺血14例15条肢体(57.7%).手术方式包括腘动脉取栓4条肢体,补片成形19条肢体,自体静脉旁路或间位移植2条肢体.人工血管间位移植1条肢体.其中6条肢体在血管重建手术同期行腓肠肌内侧头离断松解术.结果 本组患者手术均获成功,24例患者25条肢体症状改善,间歇性跛行距离延长;术后踝肱指数为0.75±0.29,高于术前的0.35±0.20(P<0.01).随访4～16个月,平均10.2个月,一期通畅率为92.3%;术后截肢3例,保肢率为88.5%.结论 腘动脉闭塞成因复杂,采取个体化手术治疗策略方能获得满意疗效.     

药物涂层球囊治疗股腘动脉长段病变的中远期结果及其预后因素

目的探讨药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗股腘动脉长段病变的中远期结果及其预后因素。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2021年5月于清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院血管外科接受DCB治疗的114例股腘动脉长段病变(卢瑟福分级2～6级)患者的临床资料。男性75例, 女性39例, 年龄(71.9±8.4)岁(范围:49～89岁)。114例患者共有138处股腘动脉长段病变, 其中初次病变111处(80.4%, 111/138), 闭塞病变116处(84.1%, 116/138), 病变长度(280.9±78.7)mm(范围:150～520 mm);联合减容治疗59处(42.8%, 59/138), 植入补救支架27处(19.6%, 27/138)。通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分别计算患者的累积初始通畅率、免于临床驱动的靶病变再次干预率、累积总体生存率。通过Cox比例风险模型进行单因素及多因素分析, 筛选影响股腘动脉长段病变通畅率的相关因素。结果 114例患者均完成DCB治疗, 技术成功率为98.2%(112/114)。术后平均随访18个月(范围:3～54个月)。术后12、24和36个月累积初始通畅...     

移植肾动脉狭窄腔内治疗的中期结果

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄经皮血管腔内成形(PTA)及支架置入的安全性及中远期结果。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2018年12月解放军总医院血管外科收治的18例移植肾动脉狭窄患者的临床资料。结果3例经同侧股动脉,15例经对侧股动脉人路治疗。4例单纯PTA治疗,8例PTA后置入支架,6例直接置入支架。共置入14枚支架,均为球扩式支架,其中2枚为药涂支架,技术成功率100%。平均造影剂用量64ml,治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为50%〜99%,腔内治疗后狭窄率降为10%〜30%。收缩压由术前的(157.2±43.0)mmHg降至术后的(129.8±8.6)mmHg;血清肌酐(SCr)水平由术前的(258.8±214.7)μmol/L降至术后的(176.3±101.1)μmol/L,尿素氮由术前的(15.7±1.6)mmol/L降至术后(10.6±1.1)mmol/L(均P<0.05)。术后中位随访42.4个月(3~93个月),治愈17例,无效1例,1例单纯球囊扩张后术后30 d出现再狭窄,予以置入支架。除1例移植肾动脉出血外无其他并发症。结论移植肾动脉狭窄是导致移植肾失功的常见血管因素,腔内治疗安全、有效。     

Drug-eluting stents are associated with improved outcomes for the treatment of infrainguinal bypass graft stenoses

Background

Existing endovascular therapies for failing infrainguinal bypass grafts are associated with modest patency rates. The use of everolimus drug-eluting stents (eDESs) for endovascular bypass graft revision has not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to describe and to compare clinical outcomes of eDESs vs percutaneous cutting balloons (PCBs) vs percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of infrainguinal bypass graft stenoses.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty alone versus stent placement for the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis

PurposeThe purposes of this retrospective study were to assess the efficacy of endovascular techniques for the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) by analyzing technical and clinical success and to compare the results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone to those of stenting.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 patients who underwent endovascular treatment for TRAS between January 2012 and December 2017. There were 23 men and 8 women with a mean age of 60.5 ± 14 (SD) years (range: 24–81 years). Ten patients (10/31; 32%; 8 men, 2 women; median age, 63 years) were treated with PTA alone and 21/31 (68%; 15 men, 6 women; median age, 65 years) with metallic stent placement. Several variables including serum creatinine level, glomerular filtration rate, arterial blood pressure value, antihypertensive medication obtained before and after treatment were compared. Technical success was assessed for each procedure. Clinical success was defined as a 15% drop in serum creatinine level, a decrease greater than 15% in mean blood pressure values or a decrease greater than 10% in mean blood pressure values with a reduction in the number of antihypertensive drugs needed for hypertension control.ResultsTechnical success was obtained in all patients [31/31; 100%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 89–100%] and clinical success in 27/31 patients (87%; 95%CI: 71–95%). Four patients (4/31; 13%; 95%CI: 5–29%) underwent repeat endovascular intervention. Mean serum creatinine level and mean arterial blood pressure values were significantly lower after treatment (177.4 and 93.8 μmol/l, respectively) compared to before treatment (319.4 and 106.7 μmol/l, respectively) in the stent group but not in the group treated with PTA alone (P = 0.0012 and P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionThe endovascular approach is safe and effective in the management of TRAS and stenting, depending on the morphology of the stenosis, should be the treatment of choice when possible.     

Durability of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for obstructive lesions of proximal subclavian artery: long-term results

PURPOSE: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is one of the treatment options for localized obstruction of the subclavian artery. To document long-term durability of this kind of PTA we report a 10-year single-center experience in 110 patients. METHODS: From January 1993 to July 2003, 110 patients (72 women; mean age, 62 +/- 10 years) underwent PTA of symptomatic (>75%) stenosis (n = 90) or occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery (84 left-sided). Forty one patients (37%) had symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency, 29 patients (26%) had disabling chronic arm ischemia, and 20 patients had both symptoms. Twenty patients with coronary artery disease underwent PTA in preparation for myocardial revascularization with the internal mammary artery. Duplex scans and arteriograms confirmed significant stenosis or occlusion. All PTA procedures were performed with the patient under local anesthesia, through the femoral artery (n = 89), brachial artery (n = 6), or combined route (n = 15). In 59 patients (58%) an additional stent was placed. RESULTS: Angioplasty was initially technically and clinically successful in 102 patients (93%). Seven occlusions could not be recanalized, and 1 procedure had to be stopped because of ischemic stroke. Of the 102 patients in whom treatment was successful, 1 patient (1%) had a minor stroke in the contralateral hemisphere 2 hours post-PTA. Seven patients (7%) had minor problems, all without permanent sequelae. Follow-up with duplex scanning ranged from 3 months to 10 years (mean, 34 months). Primary clinical patency at 5 years was 89%, with a median recurrent obstruction-free period of 23 months. The local complication rate was 4.5%, and the combined stroke and death rate was 3.6%. Significant recurrent obstruction (>70%) developed in 8 patients with clinical symptoms. Four stenoses were successfully treated with repeat PTA (2 with additional stent placement); 4occlusions required surgery. CONCLUSIONS: PTA of obstructive lesions of the proximal subclavian artery is not only an effective initial treatment, but is also successful over the long-term. Inasmuch as all clinical failures occured within 26 months after initial therapy, we recommend regular follow-up for at least 2 years post-PTA. All clinically significant recurrent stenoses can be treated with repeat endovascular procedures. We could not prove positive or negative influence of additional placement of stents; however, the number of recurrent stenoses might be too small in this retrospective study to draw firm conclusions. Adverse events of any kind are certainly no greater than with invasive surgical procedures. Therefore PTA must be seriously considered in patients with localized obstruction of the proximal subclavian artery.     

老年糖尿病性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的外科治疗

目的:探讨治疗老年糖尿病性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(DASO)的方法及效果。方法:选择1年内收治的56例老年DASO，其中41例采用球囊扩张及支架植入；11例采用取栓并球囊扩张及持续血管腔内给药；4例行球囊扩张并人工血管搭桥治疗。结果:56例患者临床症状均得到改善。无围手术期死亡及严重并发症发生。随访3~12个月，6例术后3~6个月复发，再行经皮球囊扩张术（PTA）治疗成功，其他患者疗效满意。结论:PTA治疗DASO效果肯定，且可重复应用，必要时联合其他方法。PTA可作为老年DASO血管再通的首选治疗方法。     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

目的 探讨血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thromboangitis obliterans,TAO)的腔内治疗方法.方法 总结上海中山医院血管外科2006年4月至2008年5月收治TAO患者16例(18条下肢)TAO患者的临床资料.对病变肢体行下肢造影,根据术前CTA结果显示的流入道和流出道情况行置管溶栓术和球囊扩张成形术.结果 本组16例患者18条肢体行球囊扩张成形术(percutaneous transluminal plasty,PTA),3条肢体术后无明显改善,其中1例手术2周后行膝上截肢术.FFA即时成功率为83.34%(15/18).术后15条患肢皮温明显升高,间歇性跛行消失或跛行距离延长,静息痛消失或明显减轻,9例足背或胫后动脉搏动恢复.术后1周踝/肱指数由术前0.33±0.16恢复至0.79±0.23.8例有足趾坏死者渗出消失、创丽愈合.术后随访16例,随访率100%,随访时间2～24个月,平均随访10.84个月.以下肢CTA和A/BI检杏行术后随访,术后3个月的通畅率为81.33%,1年通畅率为60.23%.结论 TAO患者行PTA能改善患肢血供,促进溃疡及创面的愈合,增加保肢率,降低截肢平面.近期效果满意,是一种可供选择的新的治疗途径.     

Clinical evaluation of aged patients who underwent surgery for femoral neck fractures -- comparative study of clinical results according to age

The objective was to assess mortality and ambulatory ability for elderly patients over 90 years of age with femoral neck fractures treated surgically. From January 1998 to March 1999, 60 patients aged over 80 years were chosen for the study. The patients had a mean age of 87.1 years. The mean follow-up period was 12.9 months. The patients were classified into three groups according to age: group A (80-84 years old), group B (85-89 years old) and group C (over 90 years old). The rates of recovered postoperative walking ability were 72.2% (13/18) of group A, 65.2% (15/23) of group B and 84.2% (16/19) of group C. These patients were followed up until death or for at least one year. The overall mortality rates were 11.1% (2/18) of group A, 17.4% (4/23) of group B and 10.5% (2/19) of group C.     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症治疗中载药支架的应用现状

近些年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的腔内治疗技术迅猛发展。基于传统球囊扩张及金属裸支架植入日益凸显的再狭窄问题,各种载药器械相继推出,载药支架即是其中代表之一。载药支架被大量应用于股腘动脉及膝下动脉疾病,相应的临床试验也广泛开展。载药支架在治疗短段病变的安全性、有效性、优越性已得到较为充分的论证,而在长段病变的价值尚需更多临床试验证实。     

下肢深静脉血栓形成后综合征的微创治疗

目的 探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成后综合征(post-thrombotic syndrome,PTS)的微创治疗效果.方法 2005年1月～2011年12月对262例275条肢体PTS行局部麻醉下血管腔内微创介入治疗,选择股静脉或腘静脉作为穿刺点,穿刺成功后行血管造影,根据造影结果对病变部位行血管腔内成形或血管成形联合支架置入术,其中经皮血管腔内成形74条肢体,血管成形联合支架置入201条肢体.结果 268条肢体(97.4％)闭塞血管完全开通,恢复正常的血液回流;7条肢体左髂总静脉段未能完全开通.240例(91.6％)253条肢体随访8～96个月,(48.3±20.2)月,其中完全缓解94条肢体(37.2％,94/253),明显缓解152条肢体(60.1％,152/253),轻度缓解7条肢体(2.8％,7/253).结论 血管腔内微创介入治疗PTS创伤小、疗效可靠.     

The effect of endovascular therapy for cerebral arterial spasm, its limitation and pitfalls

SummaryPurpose The effect of endovascular treatment for vasospasm was investigated by analysing the results of patients treated in Wakayama City in 1994.Materials and Methods Ninty nine patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms, who survived more than one week and were treated in Wakayama City in 1994, were studied. Twenty five patients caused symptomatic vasospasm and 25 were treated by endovascular therapy, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and/or intra-arterial papaverine infusion (IAP). PTA was performed for proximal vasospasm which located in the main arterial trunk, such as ICA, M1, BA (n = 3). IAP was chosen for distal vasospasm which located mainly in the M2, A1, A2 (n = 12). PTA and/or IAP was performed for diffuse vasospasm which located in proximal and distal arteries (n = 10).Results In the proximal vasospasm group, all patients were good to moderately disabled on the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). In the distal vasospasm group, 8 patients were good to moderately disabled, and 4 patients were severely disabled. The overall results were as follows: 17 (68%), good to moderately disabled, 4 (16%), severely disabled, 4 (16%), dead. The morbidity and mortality rate was 8/25 (32%) in symptomatic spasm group.Conclusion PTA was very effective especially for proximal vasospasm, but IAP was not always effective for distal or diffuse vasospasm. Diffuse vasospasm revealed a high mortality rate in spite of the endovascular therapy.