输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭

目的 探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效.方法 采用输尿管硬镜,在电视监视下,经尿道插入膀胱和输尿管,气压弹道碎石探杆将结石击碎. 结果 21例碎石均获成功,21例术后7d肾功能复查正常; 结论 输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石并发急性肾功能衰竭安全、有效,     

微创输尿管肾镜碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭:附12例报告

目的 分析12例输尿管结石致急性肾功能衰竭患者的急诊输尿管镜腔内碎石方法,探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效.方法 采用输尿管硬镜,在电视监视下,经尿道膀胱插入输尿管或经皮肾穿刺进入肾盂输尿管,用气压弹道碎石杆将结石击碎.结果 12例碎石均获成功.9例术后3 d肾功能复查正常,3例维持在轻度氮质血症水平.结论 输尿管镜下弹道碎石或经皮肾穿刺术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭安全、有效.     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石并发急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭30例

目的：探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石并发急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效。方法：采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石致急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭30例。结果：30例均一次性解除梗阻,一次性碎石成功27例（90%）,术后配合Eswl治疗3例,均治愈。结论：输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石致急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭安全、有效。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭(附15例报告)

目的分析15例输尿管结石致急性肾功能衰竭患者的急诊输尿管镜腔内碎石方法,探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石技术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效。方法硬膜外阻滞麻醉.采用输尿管硬镜,在电视监视下,经尿道插入膀胱和输尿管,气压弹道碎石探杆将结石击碎。结果 15例碎石均获成功。13例术后3天肾功能复查正常;1例并发重度贫血者,术后2周血Cr 168 umol/L;另1例并发糖尿病者术后出现持续高热,腰痛,有严重肾脏感染,感染控制后肾功能未明显好转而行血液透析治疗。结论输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石并发急性肾功能衰竭安全、有效,对并发感染、慢性肾功能不全等基础疾病者,术后肾功能恢复程度及可能出现的并发痛仍应予以重视。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石并急性肾哀27例

目的 应用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石,观察输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石并肾功能衰竭的效果.方法 对27例输尿管结石并急性肾功能衰竭患者采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗.结果 27例患者全部经过输尿管镜气压弹道碎石取石术,急性梗阻解除,肾功能衰竭恢复,无一例出现严重并发症,均痊愈出院.结论 对输尿管结石并急件肾功能衰竭的患者,采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石,治疗方法简单有效,创伤小恢复快,成功率高,安全可靠.     

经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻导致的急性肾功能衰竭

目的 探讨输尿管镜下弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻导致的急性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效.方法 采用经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻导致的急性肾功能衰竭20例.结果 20例均一次性解除梗阻,一次性碎石成功17例,改开放手术1例,术后配合体外碎石术2例.术中均留置双"J"管,梗阻均解除.术后19例肾功能恢复正常,1例轻度异常.结论 输尿管镜下弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻导致的急性肾功能衰竭安全、疗效好、恢复快.     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石取石治疗输尿管结石并发急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭48例

目的:探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石取石治疗输尿管结石并发急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭的有效性和安全性.方法:采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石取石治疗输尿管结石并发急性梗阻性肾功能衰患者48例.结果:48例患者术后血清BUN、Cr均恢复正常或接近正常,尿量恢复,结石排净率为93.8%(45/48).结论:输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石取石治疗输尿管结石并发急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭具有安全、疗效可靠、损伤小、能同时处理双侧输尿管病变的优点,可作为急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭的首选治疗方法.     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石梗阻致急性肾衰10例报告

①目的探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道治疗上尿路结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭有效性和安全性。②方法应用输尿管镜直视气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并急性肾功能衰竭10例。③结果术后7天患者血清BUN,Cr均恢复正常或接近正常,尿量恢复,术后3天结石排净率90%(9/10)。④结论输尿管镜下气压弹道治疗上尿路结石性梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭,具有安全、疗效可靠、损伤小等优点,能同时处理双侧输尿管病变,可作为首选治疗方法。     

经尿道输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭(附48例报告)

目的 探讨非开放手术治疗输尿管结石梗阻导致急性肾功能衰竭的新方法。方法 对48例输尿管结石并发急性肾功能衰竭者采用经尿道输尿管镜急诊逆行输尿管插管后，再行腔内气压弹道碎石取石或输尿管镜下内置D-J管后再择期体外冲击波碎石等方法。结果 48例均临床治愈，疗效满意。结论 输尿管镜是目前治疗输尿管结石并发急性肾功能衰竭的一种安全有效的方法。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石并发急性肾功能衰竭41例

目的:探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石并发急性肾功能衰竭的疗效。方法:应用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭41例。结果:术后患者结石排净率为90.2%,尿量恢复,血清Bun、Cr均恢复或接近正常。结论:输尿管镜联合气压弹道碎石治疗上尿路结石梗阻性肾衰,具有微创、安全、高效、便捷,能同时处理双侧输尿管结石等优点,可作为上尿路结石梗阻性肾衰的治疗方法之一。     

急性坏死性淋巴结炎1例的护理体会

1病例报告 患者,女34岁。因颈部包块20d余,持续性发热半个月,伴头痛,恶心呕吐1d,于2007年3月22日入院。查体：体温39．7℃,脉搏82次／min,呼吸20次／min,血压110／70mmHg。双侧颈部可扪及数枚大小不等的淋巴结,较大约束力2．5cm×1cm,活动尚可,质硬,触压痛明显,心,肺,腹未见异常。血常规：白细胞1．98×10^9L,中性粒细胞0．14,淋巴细胞0．39,单核细胞0．18,嗜酸性料脑脊检查正常。结核抗体和PPD试验均阴性。     

急性重症胆管炎致急性肺损伤动物模型的制作

目的：复制急性重症胆管炎(ACST)引发的急性肺损伤(ALI)的动物模型。方法：通过胆总管远端结扎,近端注入菌液并封闭的方法,造成大鼠ACST后观察肺功能及病理形态改变。结果：实验组PaO2／FiO2下降;肺系数升高,肺含水量增加;光镜可见充血、水肿、粒细胞浸润和透明膜。结论：此模型符合ALI诊断标准及动物模型的考察指标,说明本模型是成功可靠的。     

Pathogenesis of acute lung injury in severe acute pancreatitis

Objective：To study the pathogenesis of acute lung injury in severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. Methods：Rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 6, 9 and 12 h after establishment of inducing model. Pancreas and lung tissues were obtained for pathological study, microvascular permeability and MPO examination. Gene expressions of TNF-α and ICAM-1 in pancreas and lung tissues were detected by RT-PCR. Results： After inducing SAP model, the injury degree of the pancreas and the lung increased gradually, accompanied with gradually increased MPO activity and microvascular permeability. Gene expressions of TNF-α and ICAM-1 in pancreas rose at 1 h and reached peak at 7 h. Relatively, their gene expressions in the lungs only rose slightly at 1 h and reached peak at 9-12 h gradually. Conclusion：There is an obvious time window between SAP and lung injury, when earlier protection is beneficial to prevent development of acute lung injury.     

Paraganglioma with acute hyperamylasaemia masquerading as acute pancreatitis

Phaeochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-producing tumours. Although classically described to present with headache, diaphoresis and palpitations, they also present in unusual ways; hyperamylasaemia is one such rare presentation. We describe a man with an extra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma (paraganglioma) presenting with diaphoresis, abdominal pain and multi-organ failure. He had hyperamylasaemia of 1,087 (normal range [NR] 44-161) U/L, which mimicked acute severe pancreatitis. Serum lipase and radiographic imaging of the pancreas appeared normal, and the serial amylase levels normalised over six days upon stabilisation of his condition. 24-hour urinary metanephrines of 10,406 (NR 400-1,500) nmol/day suggested a catecholamine-secreting tumour, and metaiodobenzylguanine scintigraphy confirmed this. We postulate that amylase (of the salivary isotype) is released by hypoxic tissues when high catecholamine levels cause vasoconstriction and that fluctuating hypotension decreases organ perfusion. This case highlights the need for awareness of rare presentations of phaeochromocytomas and encourages physicians to rethink the diagnosis when investigations are inconsistent.     

细胞因子在重症急性胰腺炎合并急性肺损伤中的作用

急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)是重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)最常见、也是最早出现的并发症之一,死亡率极高,其病理生理机制尚未明确。近年来研究发现,肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-a)、白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1)、IL-6等细胞因子,通过彼此的相互作用和影响,在SAP合并ALI中起到至关重要的作用。文中就各种细胞因子在SAP合并ALI中的作用做一综述。     

传染性非典型肺炎并急性呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗

目的 探讨传染性非典型肺炎(世界卫生组织又称严重急性呼吸综合征,SARS)并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的治疗。方法 以2002年l2月至2003年3月,我院及广州医学院第一附院临床诊断SARS并ARDS的12例患为对象,回顾性分析呼吸机通气模式、糖皮质激素、深度镇静等方面的应用。结果 压力控制模式(PCV)优于同步间歇指令通气(SIMV)和持续气道正压通气(CPAP)及双相气道正压通气(BIPAP),早期规律使用糖皮质激素可减少死亡率,深度镇静可减少气胸出现。结论 PCV模式通气,早期规律使用糖皮质激素,深度镇静治疗SARS并ARDS疗效良好。     

急性肾功能损伤在急性高原病发病过程中的差异研究

目的 探讨不同类型的急性高原病(acute high-altitude disease,AHAD)与肾功能损伤的关系.方法 将2016-2017年间西藏军区总医院(海拔3 680m)高山科或ICU住院的249例AHAD患者设为病例组,具体分为:急性轻型高原病(acute mountain sickness,AMS)组(44例)、高原肺水肿(high-altitude pulmonary edema,HAPE)组(121例)、高原脑水肿(high-altitude cerebral edema,HACE)组(84例),此外,将急性暴露于海拔3 680 m的健康人群设为对照组(60例).病例组及对照组均在给予治疗前抽取静脉血,检测肾功能指标:血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、胱抑素C(CysC)、尿酸(UA)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)和二氧化碳结合力(CO2 CP);采集尿液,检测尿红细胞、尿白细胞、尿蛋白;记录尿量、血氧饱和度(SpO2)及预后情况.结果 与AMS组和对照组相比,HAPE组和HACE组BUN、Scr、CysC、UA水平显著增高(P＜0.05);但是AMS组与对照组之间BUN、Scr、CysC和UA水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与HAPE组相比,HACE组BUN和Scr水平显著增高(P＜0.05).病例组和对照组人群均出现不同程度尿红细胞、尿白细胞,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 肾功能损伤的严重程度与急性高原病的类型密切相关,肾功能损伤常见于重症急性高原病患者,高原脑水肿组患者的肾功能损伤显著高于高原肺水肿组,损伤多处于肾功能代偿期.     

Ventilatory management of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Context  The acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are critical illnesses associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mechanical ventilation is the cornerstone of supportive therapy. However, despite several important advances, the optimal strategy for ventilation and adjunctive therapies for patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is still evolving. Evidence Acquisition  To identify reports of invasive ventilatory and adjunctive therapies in adult patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, we performed a systematic English-language literature search of MEDLINE (1966-2005) using the Medical Subject Heading respiratory distress syndrome, adult, and related text words, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses. EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were similarly searched. The search yielded 1357 potential articles of which 53 were relevant to the study objectives and considered in this review. Evidence Synthesis  There is strong evidence to support the use of volume- and pressure-limited lung-protective ventilation in adult patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The benefit of increased levels of positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuvers is uncertain and is being further evaluated in ongoing trials. Existing randomized controlled trials of alternative ventilation modes, such as high-frequency oscillation and adjunctive therapies, including inhaled nitric oxide and prone positioning demonstrate no significant survival advantage. However, they may have a role as rescue therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with refractory life-threatening hypoxemia. Conclusions  Volume- and pressure-limited ventilation strategies should be used in managing adult acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Further research is needed to identify barriers to widespread adoption of this strategy, as well as the role of alternative ventilation modes and adjunctive therapies.      

重型急性胰腺炎并发急性肺损伤的诊治（附23例报告）

目的：探讨重型急性胰腺炎（SAP）并发急性肺损伤（ALI）的诊治方法。方法：对23例SAP并发ALI患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果：SAP并发ALI发生率为59％,经机械通气及生长抑素等综合治疗,多器官功能障碍综合征发生率为21．9％,ALI治愈率为91．3％,结论：ALI是SAP早期最常见的并发症,根据预警指标警惕ALI的发生是避免漏误诊的关键,早期合理应用呼吸机及生长抑素是主要的综合治疗措施。     

An unusual presentation of typhoid fever causing aseptic meningitis, acute pancreatitis, acute glomerulonephritis, acute hepatitis

To the editor:Typhoid fever is a very common infective disease in Asian and underdeveloped countries.1,2 Typhoid fever in its first week of illness manifest with fever,headache,abdominal pain,gastrointestinal symptom like anorexia,nausea,vomiting,constipation;with or without specific signs like relative bradycardia,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly and abdominal tenderness developing in second week of illness.Complications like acute abdomen,intestinal perforation,pneumonia,psychosis,ataxia,altered sensorium,pancreatitis,hepatitis and nephritis are likely to develop in third to fourth week of illness.3,4 Initial presentation with aseptic meningitis,pancreatitis,hepatitis,glomerulonephritis and thrombocytopenia is a very rare manifestations of typhoid fever.5