喷昔洛韦眼用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及质量控制

目的 制备喷昔洛韦(penciclovir,PCV)温度敏感原位凝胶,对其进行了处方优化筛选,并建立其质量控制方法.方法 考察含有不同泊洛沙姆407(Pluronic F127)和泊洛沙姆188(Pluronic F68)浓度配比的处方对原位凝胶胶凝温度、流变学性质、质构特性和体外药物释放行为等的影响,从而设计和优化处方.结果 得到最佳凝胶基质组成为19%F127/0.3%F68,其胶凝温度33.7℃;达到34℃时粘度和胶凝强度明显增大;PCV自凝胶中的释放具有一定的缓释效果.结论 喷昔洛韦眼用温度敏感原位凝胶有望开发成为一种新型眼部给药制剂.     

奥洛他定温度敏感眼用原位凝胶的制备

目的:研制奥洛他定温度敏感眼用原位凝胶。方法:采用泊洛沙姆P407和P188为温敏材料,以胶凝温度为指标,通过星点设计-效应面法优化处方。结果:经过优化筛选出的处方在室温条件下是自由流动的液体,在生理条件下发生胶凝形成凝胶。结论:所研制奥洛他定眼用温度敏感原位凝胶符合眼部应用要求,体现出良好的临床应用前景。     

温度敏感原位凝胶在眼部给药系统中的研究进展

温度敏感原位凝胶可随温度变化发生凝胶反应,从而缓慢持久地释放药物,提高药物的生物利用度,是一种很有开发价值的新型药物传递系统.本文主要对温度敏感原位凝胶中聚合物的种类及应用,以及该剂型在眼部给药系统中的应用进行了综述.     

盐酸博安霉素注射用温度敏感原位凝胶的研究

本文以泊洛沙姆F127为主要基质材料,复合使用泊洛沙姆F68和高分子材料羟丙基甲基纤维素K4M,制备盐酸博安霉素注射用温度敏感原位凝胶。对凝胶的胶凝温度、流变学、质构特性、电镜结构和体外释放等性能进行了研究,并考察了该制剂在大鼠体内的药代动力学。结果表明,制备的盐酸博安霉素注射用温度敏感原位凝胶在常温下为流动的液体,在人体温度下能够发生相转变,成为具有一定胶凝强度的半固体,方便注射给药,胶凝后呈现三维网状空间结构,药物的扩散和凝胶材料的溶蚀为控制药物释放的主要因素。该制剂具有明显的缓释作用,在大鼠体内可以持续释放48 h以上。     

阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂的制备和评价

目的：制备并评价阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂。方法：用旋转粘度计测定不同pH值、不同温度下制剂 的粘度，考察制剂的流变学特征；用荧光示踪法测定凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间；采用同体自身对照法考察凝胶剂的眼部刺 激性；采用Franz扩散池法考察了制剂的离体角膜渗透性能，采用HPLC法测定渗透药量。结果：所制备的阿昔洛韦原位 凝胶剂为假塑性流体，对兔眼无刺激；该原位凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间为（22.4±1.4）min，比阿昔洛韦滴眼液增加4.6 倍；兔离体角膜渗透实验结果表明，该原位凝胶剂在给药0.25 h以后各时间点的累积透过量均高于阿昔洛韦滴眼液，角 膜有一定的贮库作用。 结论：阿昔洛韦原位凝胶剂的刺激性低，眼部滞留时间长，具有一定的缓释效果。     

阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂的制备和评价

目的：制备并评价阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂。方法：用旋转粘度计测定不同pH值、不同温度下制剂 的粘度，考察制剂的流变学特征；用荧光示踪法测定凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间；采用同体自身对照法考察凝胶剂的眼部刺 激性；采用Franz扩散池法考察了制剂的离体角膜渗透性能，采用HPLC法测定渗透药量。结果：所制备的阿昔洛韦原位 凝胶剂为假塑性流体，对兔眼无刺激；该原位凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间为（22.4±1.4）min，比阿昔洛韦滴眼液增加4.6 倍；兔离体角膜渗透实验结果表明，该原位凝胶剂在给药0.25 h以后各时间点的累积透过量均高于阿昔洛韦滴眼液，角 膜有一定的贮库作用。 结论：阿昔洛韦原位凝胶剂的刺激性低，眼部滞留时间长，具有一定的缓释效果。     

阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂的制备和评价

目的：制备并评价阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂。方法：用旋转粘度计测定不同pH值、不同温度下制剂 的粘度,考察制剂的流变学特征;用荧光示踪法测定凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间;采用同体自身对照法考察凝胶剂的眼部刺 激性;采用Franz扩散池法考察了制剂的离体角膜渗透性能,采用HPLC法测定渗透药量。结果：所制备的阿昔洛韦原位 凝胶剂为假塑性流体,对兔眼无刺激;该原位凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间为（22.4±1.4）min,比阿昔洛韦滴眼液增加4.6 倍;兔离体角膜渗透实验结果表明,该原位凝胶剂在给药0.25 h以后各时间点的累积透过量均高于阿昔洛韦滴眼液,角 膜有一定的贮库作用。 结论：阿昔洛韦原位凝胶剂的刺激性低,眼部滞留时间长,具有一定的缓释效果。     

阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂的制备和评价

目的：制备并评价阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂。方法：用旋转粘度计测定不同pH值、不同温度下制剂 的粘度，考察制剂的流变学特征；用荧光示踪法测定凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间；采用同体自身对照法考察凝胶剂的眼部刺 激性；采用Franz扩散池法考察了制剂的离体角膜渗透性能，采用HPLC法测定渗透药量。结果：所制备的阿昔洛韦原位 凝胶剂为假塑性流体，对兔眼无刺激；该原位凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间为（22.4±1.4）min，比阿昔洛韦滴眼液增加4.6 倍；兔离体角膜渗透实验结果表明，该原位凝胶剂在给药0.25 h以后各时间点的累积透过量均高于阿昔洛韦滴眼液，角 膜有一定的贮库作用。 结论：阿昔洛韦原位凝胶剂的刺激性低，眼部滞留时间长，具有一定的缓释效果。     

诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及体外释放度研究

摘 要 目的：制备诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶,并考察其体外药物释放行为。方法: 以泊洛沙姆为基质,采用冷溶法制备诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶,考察泊洛沙姆407与泊洛沙姆188的用量对胶凝相变温度的影响,采用星点设计 效应面法优化其处方,并考察其体外药物释放行为。结果: 在一定浓度范围内,随着泊洛沙姆407用量的增大胶凝化温度逐渐降低,随着泊洛沙姆188用量的增大胶凝化温度逐渐升高,通过优化得到诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶的最佳处方为：泊洛沙姆407的浓度为20.6%（w/v）,泊洛沙姆188的浓度为5.7%（w/v）,在温度为36.5 ℃以上可发生胶凝。药物在温度敏感原位凝胶中呈持续缓慢释放,6 h药物的累积释放度为87.5%±5.4%。结论: 诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性,可以延缓药物释放,有望开发成为一种新型阴道给药制剂。     

伊曲康唑阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及性能研究

目的研制伊曲康唑阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶并考察其性能。方法以伊曲康唑(ITZ)为模型药物,泊洛沙姆为基质采用冷溶法制备伊曲康唑阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶(TISG)。采用试管倒转法测定胶凝化温度(Tg),星点设计-效应面法优化ITZ-TISG处方工艺,旋转流变仪测定其流变学特性。并采用无膜溶出法考察ITZ-TISG溶蚀释药特性。结果通过星点设计-效应面法筛选出最佳处方为16.3%泊洛沙姆407、1.5%泊洛沙姆188、0.31%海藻酸钠。采用试管倒转法测得最优处方所制备的ITZ-TISG的Tg为25℃,经模拟阴道液稀释后的Tg为35℃,与流变仪测得的结果基本一致。在35℃时,ITZ-TISG经阴道模拟液稀释后仍具有较强的黏弹特性。ITZ-TISG的体外溶蚀释药符合零级动力学模型。结论星点设计-效应面法优化ITZTISG处方所建立的模型具有良好的预测性。所优化的ITZ-TISG在给药时流动性好,给药后可在阴道生理温度下快速胶凝形成原位凝胶,并具有缓慢溶蚀释放药物的特性,可满足阴道用药设计要求。     

雌二醇阴道用生物黏附性温敏型凝胶的处方筛选及流变学考察

目的:研制雌二醇阴道用生物黏附性温敏型凝胶(E₂-VTISG),并进行热力学和流变学考察。方法:采用冷法工艺制备E₂-VTISG。采用倒试管法测定胶凝温度(T_gel),以T_gel为考察指标,泊洛沙姆P407,泊洛沙姆P188为主要影响因素,用星点设计-效应面法进行处方筛选。采用黏度计测定表观粘度,采用动态流变学实验测定温敏凝胶在相变过程中的流变参数。结果:雌二醇阴道用生物黏附性温敏型凝胶的最优处方的基质配比为P407:P188:甘油:PCP:尼泊金乙酯=18:2.96:5:0.2:0.2,实测胶凝温度为33.4℃。结论:星点设计-效应面法筛选E₂-VTISG处方预测性良好,流变学结果显示优化后的雌二醇温敏凝胶符合阴道局部用药要求。     

蒲公英眼用温敏凝胶的制备

目的研究蒲公英眼用温敏凝胶的制备工艺。方法以泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、HPMC为混合凝胶基质,以泪液稀释前后的胶凝温度为指标,采用均匀设计法设计蒲公英眼用温敏凝胶的处方。结果该制剂在室温条件下是自由流动的液体,在生理条件下发生相变形成凝胶,符合眼用制剂的质量要求;凝胶溶蚀控制药物的释放速率,二者均遵循零级动力学方程。结论蒲公英眼用温敏凝胶的制备工艺简单、可行。     

吡嘧司特钾眼用原位温度敏感凝胶的制备及其体外释放度的研究

目的：以吡嘧司特钾为模型药物,制备眼用原位温度敏感凝胶,考察其体外释放度。方法：以泊洛沙姆407/188为基质,筛选最佳处方以达到合适的胶凝温度,建立高效液相色谱法测定吡嘧司特钾含量并以无膜溶出模型考察体外释放度。结果：处方中以5%甘露醇为溶媒,0.1%吡嘧司特钾（w/v）、0.01%苯扎溴铵（v/v）、6%泊洛沙姆188（w/v）和20%泊洛沙姆407（w/v）的组成可以达到最适胶凝温度,经影响因素试验考察证明该制剂性质稳定,体外释放度考察结果表明药物的释放与时间成线性关系。结论：本文制备的吡嘧司特钾眼用原位温度敏感凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性,能够延长药物在眼部停留时间且给药方便,有望开发成为一种新型眼用给药制剂。     

氯霉素温敏型眼用原位凝胶的研制

目的制备氯霉素泊洛沙姆眼用原位温敏型凝胶并建立其质量控制方法。方法以泊洛沙姆P407和P188为温敏材料,通过测定溶液-凝胶相转变温度优化处方;采用紫外分光光度法测定氯霉素含量。结果氯霉素温敏型原位凝胶的胶凝温度随P407浓度增大而降低,随P188浓度增加先升高后降低,模拟泪液的稀释可使胶凝温度升高,建立了泪液稀释后相变温度与泊洛沙姆浓度的拟合方程,经Design-Expert软件优化出的氯霉素温敏型原位凝胶最佳处方为25%P407和4.19%P188;优化处方在29.5℃时为自由流动的液体,泪液稀释后在34.6℃能够发生相变形成凝胶。结论该眼用温敏凝胶符合眼部应用要求,体现出良好的应用前景。     

Formulation and evaluation of new long acting metoprolol tartrate ophthalmic gels

The rationale of the present work is to formulate and evaluate metoprolol tartrate (MT), which is a beta-1 selective adrenergic blocking agent in a new ocular gel delivery system; this is our way and method to increase its contact to the cornea, giving a longer time of drug contact to the eye and slow possible release from the preparation. Metoprolol tartrate is chosen as a candidate for gel formulation because although it has been available for a few years as ophthalmic solutions, it has not been marketed as an ocular gel yet. Two polymers; Carbopol 934 and Pluronic F127 (PF127) were used in two different concentrations in this study. Metoprolol tartrate was used in two concentrations, 0.5% and 1% (w/w). All formulations were exposed to visual examinations, pH measurement, in vitro release, rheological study and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that all formulations were clear, showed pH within the acceptable range suitable to be administered in the eye, and exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior. DSC results concluded that, MT was compatible with different polymers used. In vitro release results showed that the release rate of metoprolol tartrate from gel preparations decreased as an inverse function of polymer concentration, and the release rate of the drug increased as the initial concentration increased. Intra-ocular pressure (IOP) measurements of rabbit’s eye treated with 1% (w/w) metoprolol tartrate in gel formulations with different concentrations of the polymer were determined. Carbopol 934 gel formulations showed that this polymer extended the duration of pressure reducing effect of MT to more than 5hr when compared with Pluronic F127 gel formulations. The area above the curve (AAC), maximum response, time of maximum response (t_max), and the duration of the drug action were also calculated.     

辛苯聚醇温敏凝胶的制备及其体外释放研究

目的：制备辛苯聚醇阴道用温敏凝胶[（O-9）-VTG],并对其释放机制进行探讨。方法：采用冷溶法以泊洛沙姆407（P407）和泊洛沙姆188（P188）为温敏凝胶材料制备凝胶,倒置法测定其胶凝温度（T_GEL）,再应用星点设计-效应面法优化处方,并采用无膜溶出模型考察其体外溶蚀及释药情况。结果：优化的处方基质配比为P407：P188：甘油：壳聚糖=16.3：5.7：5：0.6,胶凝温度为33℃,胶凝时间约1.6 min;辛苯聚醇体外释放符合零级动力学方程。结论：效应面法筛选辛苯聚醇温敏凝胶处方合理,（O-9）-VTG作为新型阴道用避孕制剂前景良好。     

Preparation and evaluation of nanoparticles loaded ophthalmic in situ gel

Context: Conventional ophthalmic solutions often eliminate rapidly after administration and cannot provide and maintain an adequate concentration of drug in the pre-corneal area.

Objectives: Above problem can be overcome by the use of in situ gel forming systems that are instilled as drops in to the eye and undergo a sol–gel transition in the cul-de-sac.

Methods: An ion sensitive polymer gellan gum was used as gelling agent which formed immediate gel and remained for extended time period. Nanoparticles of moxifloxacin, prepared by solvent evaporation, were separated by freeze drying. The rheological properties and in vitro drug release test of in situ gel loaded with nanoparticles were evaluated and compared with marketed preparation. In vitro release study demonstrated diffusion controlled release for moxifloxacin from formulations over a period of 12?h.

Results: The developed formulation was stable and showed enhanced contact time minimizing the frequency of administration. Confocal microscopy showed clear permeation of drug loaded nanoparticles across L/S of cornea.

Conclusion: The formulation of moxifloxacin was found liquid at the formulated pH and formed gel in the presence of mono or divalent cations. The gel formed in situ showed sustained drug release over a period of 10–12?h. The formulations were less viscous before instillation and formed strong gel after instilling it into cul-de-sac. It is thus concluded that by adopting a systematic formulation approach, an optimum point can be reached in the shortest time with minimum efforts to achieve desirable rheological and in vitro release property for in situ gel forming system.