2008中国戒烟大赛广西赛区情况分析与控烟对策研究

目的分析2008中国戒烟大赛广西赛区报名人员基本情况,为开展本区控烟干预活动提供依据.方法将符合参赛资格的人员基本情况用统计软件SPSS13.0进行描述性分析.结果大众参赛合格登记者8830名中男性8217人,女性613人;最大85岁,最小18岁,平均年龄42.5±10.6岁;文化程度高中以上者占70%;每日吸烟量在半包(即10支)以上者占55%;超过10以上烟龄者达54%;有52.10%的人尝试过戒烟.结论报名戒烟者中受教育程度较高者占比例较大,有半数的人尝试过戒烟,应根据实际情况进行烟草危害知识和拒烟与戒烟技巧及技能传播,帮助烟民戒烟.     

放射人员现状及培训需求分析

放射人员现状及培训需求分析王亚东，葛正义，罗要武１资料的来源与方法见《主体报告》。２结果附表各级机构放射人员的基本情况２．１放射人员的基本结构从人员的学历和职称的年龄构成来看，本科学历者４０岁以下者占５５．５％，４０～４９岁的７．７％，５０岁以上者占...     

安阳市医疗机构疫情管理人员基本情况现况调查

目的了解安阳市各级各类医疗机构疫情管理人员基本情况,为加强疫情管理队伍提供依据。方法对全市市、县、乡各级医疗机构进行抽样调查。结果129名被调查对象中50岁以下者占96．6％,5年-29年工龄者占86．8％,从事本岗位工作5年以上者占55．8％,最高学历大专以上者占52．4％,公共卫生专业人员占27．1％,医疗和护理专业的人员占51．9％,其它医学专业和非医学专业人员占20．9％,中级以上职称人员占23．2％,无职称人员占22．5％,94．6％的人员一年中参加了县级以上培训,7．8％的人员参加了省和国家级培训,60．5％的人员兼职其它工作。结论安阳市医疗机构疫情管理人员构成有待改善,人员业务素质有待提高。     

河北省疾病预防控制系统在职人员吸烟状况调查

目的了解河北省疾病预防控制系统（简称疾控系统）在职人员吸烟状况。方法通过问卷调查，对河北省省、市、县三级疾控机构在职人员总人数、性别构成及吸烟人数进行摸底调查，计算吸烟率；利用同期疾控人员参加国际戒烟大赛报名表资料，对参赛者吸烟情况进行统计分析。结果共调查河北省三级疾病控制机构174家，在职人员9931人，参赛吸烟者767人。总吸烟率为25．69％，男性（51．28％）显著高于女性（0．68％），其中省、市、县级男性吸烟率分别为50．92％、49．48％和51．72％，女性分别为0．61％、0．51％和0．68％；吸烟者初始吸烟年龄平均为24．7岁，有低龄化趋势；平均每天吸烟量为15支，55岁以上、离婚或分居、烟龄长者吸烟量较大；曾有44．6％的吸烟者戒过烟；不同地区疾控人员吸烟率、初始吸烟年龄、每天吸烟量及既往戒烟情况有显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论河北省疾控系统男性工作人员吸烟率较高，需要采取有效措施给予控制，以树立良好的健康卫士形象。     

上海市2004年国际戒烟竞赛1个月随访分析

目的分析上海市2004年国际戒烟竞赛的效果,并探讨其戒烟行为的影响因素：方法竞赛1个月后对全市3691名报名参赛者进行随机抽样调查。结果竞赛4周内戒烟率为63．4％,1个月随访戒烟率为45．4％,复吸的主要原因是周围的人吸烟,Logistic回归分析结果显示：性别、戒烟决心、是否会自己戒烟是影响戒烟成功的显著因子。结论竞赛组织者通过各种渠道向社会宣传报名信息,竞赛取得了成功,对促进今后的控烟工作具有重要意义。     

吸烟大学生尝试戒烟及其影响因素研究

目的 了解吸烟大学生的尝试戒烟情况及其影响因素，为有效防控大学生吸烟提供参考依据。方法以自填式结构问卷调查广州某大学271名吸烟大学生的尝试戒烟行为、戒烟信心、吸烟情况、吸烟相关的知识与信念水平、环境因素以及相关的社会学特征。结果吸烟大学生中，40．6％曾尝试过戒烟。尝试过戒烟的学生中，50．0％曾戒烟2次，戒烟持续时间最长的1a以上，平均1个月左右。多因素Logistic分析发现，“尼古丁成瘾”、“认为戒烟困难”是大学生尝试戒烟的显著性影响因素。结论在大学校园开设戒烟干预是必要和紧迫的。戒烟干预应注重尼古丁成瘾性和戒断症状的宣传和治疗，从而提高戒烟成功率，降低大学生吸烟率。     

福建省2006年国际戒烟竞赛1个月随访分析

[目的]分析福建省2006年国际戒烟竞赛的效果,探讨影响戒烟的因素,为今后目标人群进行戒烟行为干预提供依据。[方法]竞赛1个月后对全省4 619名报名参赛者进行等级抽样调查。[结果]1个月内戒烟率为51.9%,吸烟量比以前减少的为24.2%。复吸的主要原因有缺乏支持116人(28.9%)和周围人吸烟106人(26.4%);采用logistic回归分析显示,年龄、态度和参赛目的是影响戒烟成功的因子。[结论]国际戒烟竞赛是一项以减少吸烟的有效的群体性干预活动,为吸烟者控制吸烟行为、尝试戒烟到最终成功戒烟提供了有利环境。     

北京市西城区居民吸烟与戒烟状况调查分析

目的分析北京市西城区某社区15岁以上人群吸烟及戒烟状况,为今后的控烟工作提供借鉴和参考。方法采用多阶段整群概率抽样方法,抽取西城区15岁及以上常住居民583人,调查居民吸烟与戒烟相关情况。结果北京市西城区某社区居民现在吸烟率为21.8%。男性现在吸烟率(42.9%)高于女性(2.9%);50～59岁人群现在吸烟率较高(26.5%),服务业人群现在吸烟率(26.8%)高于其他职业人群。现在吸烟者尝试戒烟率为18.9%,尝试戒烟次数≥2次占79.2%,吸烟者中过去12个月内接受过医生戒烟建议的占22.0%;戒烟者尝试的戒烟方法中,没有人使用药物戒烟、咨询戒烟门诊者占4.2%、咨询戒烟热线者占4.2%。结论应加强对男性、中老年及服务业人群的控烟宣传;着力提高吸烟者戒烟意愿、加强医务人员提供简短戒烟干预服务、推动辖区居民戒烟时寻求戒烟门诊专业帮助。     

检验人员状况及培训需求分析

检验人员状况及培训需求分析王亚东，罗珏，葛正义１资料的来源与方法见《主体报告》。２结果附表检验人员的基本结构本科学历人员中４０以岁以下者占８７．６％，５０岁以上者占１０．７％，而４０至４９岁组仅占１．７％，各其他学历层次人才断层不明显；这种文革造成的...     

2004年国际戒烟竞赛天津参加者戒烟效果评估

目的 了解2004年国际戒烟竞赛天津参加者的戒烟效果，探讨影响戒烟成功的相关因素，为有关部门制定相应的戒烟措施提供参考。方法在天津参加2004年国际戒烟竞赛的抽奖候选人中抽取调查对象，通过电话访问或面对面的形式对其进行调查，并进行Logistic回归分析。结果共随访调查300人，1a戒烟成功153人，占51．0％。Logistic同归分析显示，烟龄越长、吸烟量越大，其戒烟成功的可能性越小；另将职业．戒烟前态度进行哑变量分析显示，干部、其他职业者和想戒烟者戒烟成功率较高，差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。复吸者中，周围有人吸烟为复吸主要原因，占42．9％；在戒烟后1个月内开始复吸的62人，占52．1％，在1-6个月开始复吸的48人，占40．3％，在6个月后复吸的9人，占7．6％。周围公共场所禁止吸烟的221人，占73．7％，办公场所禁止吸烟的159人，占53．％，家中限制吸烟的134人，占44．7％。结论2004年国际戒烟竞赛天津参加者1a戒烟效果较好，建议针对影响戒烟成功的相关因素，采取相应的干预措施。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.