断流术中门静脉压力变化及术后再出血的临床研究

目的分析断流术中自由门静脉压(FPP)的变化与术后再出血的关系,探讨在断流术中是否可以FPP作为加做分流手术的血流动力学指标。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2005年12月行脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术的90例门静脉高压症患者,断流术后FPP低于或等于30 cm H_2O者为低压组(34例),高于30 cm H_2O者为高压组(56例),比较两组术前肝功能情况,断流术前后不同时点的FPP变化和术后再出血发生率。结果两组术前肝功能Child-Pugh计分(低压组6.6±1.1,高压组6.9±1.3,P=0.26)和FPP[低压组(37.9±2.5)cm H_2O,高压组(38.9±2.9) cm H_2O,P=0.09]之间的差异均无统计学意义,术后FPP[低压组(28.3±2.4)cm H_2O,高压组(34.0±3.3)cm H_2O,P<0.01]和再出血率(低压组3%,高压组20%,P=0.02)之间的差异均有统计学意义。断流术中脾动脉结扎的降压效果最明显,断流术完成后较脾脏切除后FPP有所上升。结论FPP是能够反映断流术减压效果和术后再出血风险的血流动力学指标,脾切除后FPP高于30 cm H_2O是断流术加行分流手术的依据之一。     

改良脾腔分流联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效分析

目的 探讨改良近端脾腔静脉分流联合贲门周围血管离断术(分断流联合术)治疗门静脉高压症的疗效及其对门静脉血流动力学和肝储备功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院1997-2007年接受分断流联合术治疗的门静脉高压症患者135例和断流术患者120例的临床资料.通过彩色多普勒超声测定门静脉血流量(PVF)及监测术中自由门静脉压(FPP),观察手术前后门静脉系统血流动力学的变化.采用吲哚氰绿排泄实验观察15 min(R_(15))滞留率和肝有效血流量(FHF)的变化.结果 联合组手术死亡率为2.2%,无近期出血病例,远期出血率为5.5%,肝性脑病发生率为6.4%,术后1、3、5、10年生存率分别为96.4%、90.0%、81.3%和62.5%;断流组手术死亡率为4.3%,近期出血率为3.3%,远期出血率为14.1%,肝性脑病发生率为5.4%,1、3、5、10年生存率分别为95.7%、86.7%、75.0%和57.1%.联合组术后FPP、PVF和FHF分别为(32.0 ±1.5)cm H_2O、(880 ±260)ml/min和(430±180)ml/min,较术前均下降(P<0.05).R_(15)为30%±4%,较术前明显增加(P<0.01);断流组术后FPP、PVF和FHF下降(P<0.01),R_(15)增加(P<0.01).与断流组比较,联合组术后FPP下降更为明显(P<0.05),但PVF、FHF和R_(15)之间相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 改良脾腔静脉分流联合断流术的临床疗效满意,血流动力学改变合理,对肝储备功能影响较小,是治疗门静脉高压症的理想术式.     

门体静脉分流术的术式选择

以血流动力学的变化为主要依据选择合理的术式是提高肝硬化门静脉高压症手术效果的关键.门静脉已成为流出道或门静脉入肝血量大量减少者,可行全门体静脉分流术;门静脉入肝血流量中等量减少,则几乎可施行各种分流手术和断流手术;门静脉入肝血流少量减少者可用脾切除断流术治疗.脾切除断流术后自由门静脉压力(FPP)值可以作为选择手术方式的依据.脾动脉结扎后FPP的变化最大.根据FPP下降的绝对值和幅度基本上能判断是行断流术或分流术,如下降不明显,表明肝内阻力高.需行分流或分流加断流术;如下降明显,FPP<22mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)时,可行断流术.脾肾静脉分流加断流的联合手术有诸多优点.应作为治疗肝硬化PHT的首选术式.     

不同术式对门静脉血流动力学的影响

目的: 探讨断流术、分流术及分流、断流联合手术对门静脉血流动力学的影响及其临床意义. 方法: 回顾分析分别施行断流术、分流术或联合手术的42例门静脉高压症患者术中、术后血流动力学改变. 结果: 断流术、分流术和联合手术均可导致门静脉压力(FPP)及门静脉血流量(PFV)下降,FPP分别下降(1.4±0.6)cmH2O、(7.3±1.5)cmH2O及(6.0±1.2)cmH2O,PFV分别减少(411.3±126.5)ml/min、(560.5±152.9)ml/min及(539.2±173.2)ml/min,分流术与联合手术比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),但两者均大于断流术后FPP和PFV的下降幅度(P<0.05),联合手术中,施行分流后,FPP降至(29.8±4.9)cmH2O,较术前(37.2±3.1)cmH2O显著下降(P<0.05),加做断流后,FPP为(31.2±5.6)cmH2O,与断流前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05). 结论: 从维持门静脉血流向肝灌注方面分析,断流术更为合理,而联合手术与分流术比较并无明显优势.     

TIPS加断流术与脾肾分流加断流术治疗门静脉高压症疗效分析

目的:分析TIPS加断流术与脾肾分流加断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效.方法:1998年12月至2007年12月,60例门静脉高压症病人经血生化、钡餐或胃镜、多普勒超声及CTA检查后,根据病人的全身和肝功能状况.分为A、B两组.A组(30例)行TIPS加断流术,B组(30例)行脾肾分流加断流术.结果:A组门静脉压力由术前(41.5±5.2)cm H2O降至术后的(32.8±6.08)cm H2O(P＜0.01),门静脉血流速度由术前(17.1±4.5)cm/s升至术后的(38.3±5.3)cm/s(P＜0.01);B组门静脉压力由术前(43.3±6.2)cm H2O降至术后的(34.8±4.3)cm H2O(P＜0.01),术前、术后门静脉血流速度分别为(18.6±7.5)cm/s和(20.6±5.9)cm/s(P＞0.05).A组手术成功率、分流道通畅率、并发症发生率和手术死亡率分别为100%、100%、23.3%和3.3%,B组则分别为86.7%、80.8%、23.3%和3.3%.术后随访,A组分流道阻塞、出血复发、肝性脑病的发生率和5年生存率分别为27.6%、6.9%、24.1%和79.3%,B组则为5.0%、8.0%、8.0%和80.0%.结论:TIPS加断流术与脾肾分流加断流术均能有效地控制食管静脉曲张出血,前者特别适用于急性出血的治疗,后者具持久的分流道通畅率.     

三种不同术式对门静脉血流动力学的观测

目的 :测定分流 (SRS)加断流手术 (PCDV)前后门静脉系统血流动力学变化 ,评价其在门静脉高压症外科治疗中的价值。方法 :应用彩色多普勒检测 99例门静脉高压症病人手术前后对门静脉系统的血流动力学的影响 ,术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果 :①SRS +PCDV组 :术后PVF减少 36 .1 0 %± 7.8% ,FPP下降 33 .99%± 9.53 %。FPP的下降与PVF的减少呈正相关 ,PVF和FPP较术前下降 (P <0 .0 5) ,但维持在正常高限且保持门静脉向肝血流 ;②SRS +PCDV组术后的PVF和FPP均介于断流组与脾肾分流组之间 ,且各组之间有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :分流手术后门静脉血流向肝内高灌注 ,门静脉系统瘀血状态依然存在。分流术后门静脉高压瘀血状态缓解 ;门静脉血流肝内灌注显著减少。分流术后门静脉压力降低 ,加做断流术后门静脉压力有不同程度回升 ,术后的PVF和FPP均介于断流术和分流术之间 ,该术式明显优于单纯分流术或断流术。     

门静脉高压症的不同手术方式对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响

目的测定脾肾分流术 (SRS)、贲门周围血管离断术 (PCDV)及SRS +PCDV手术前后血流动力学变化 ,并评价这些术式在门静脉高压症治疗中的价值。方法应用彩色多普勒检测 99例门静脉高压症患者手术前后门静脉系统血流动力学的状况 ,术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果 (1)脾肾分流组术后较术前门静脉血流量 (PVF)减少 (5 7± 9) % ,门静脉自由压 (FPP)下降 (5 2± 5 ) % ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。 (2 )断流组术后较术前PVF减少 (8± 5 ) % ,与术前差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;FPP减少 (19± 7) % ,与术前差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)SRS +PCDV组术后PVF减少(36± 8) % ,FPP下降 (34± 10 ) % (P <0 0 5 )。 (4 )SRS +PCDV组术后的PVF和FPP均介于断流组与脾肾分流组之间 ,且各组之间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 (1)断流术后门静脉高压瘀血状态依然存在 ;(2 )脾肾分流术后门静脉高压瘀血状态有所缓解 ,门静脉血流肝内灌注减少 ;(3)分流加断流术后PVF和FPP改变不太大 ,但预防出血效果是好的     

不同门奇断流术式对门静脉高压症犬血流动力学的影响

目的 观察不同门奇断流术式对肝硬化门静脉高压症犬血流动力学的影响.方法 将肝硬化门静脉高压症模型犬32只,随机分为A(传统断流)组、B(选择性断流)组、C(吻合器断流)组及D(对照)组.于术前1周、术后1、6月测定各组犬的门静脉直径(PVD)、门静脉流速(PVV)和门静脉血流量(PVF),于术中、术后1、6月测定各组犬的自由门静脉压力(FPP).结果 术后1月A、B、C组的PVD、PW、PVF均较术前明显降低(P<0.05),其中A组各项指标(0.54±0.03)cm、(11.45±1.27)cm/min、(160.82±30.85)ml/min显著高于B(0.45±0.01)cm、(8.71±0.48)cm/min、(83.37±9.39)ml/min及C组(0.49±0.02)cm、9.85±0.39)cm/min、(111.21±12.68)ml/min(P<0.05),C组显著高于B组(P<0.05).各组术后6月各指标与术后1月比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).D组手术前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A、B、C组手术后FPP均明显下降(P<0.05),其中A组(2.05±0.07)kPa显著高于B组(1.28±0.05)kPa、C组(1.41±0.04)kPa,C组显著高于B组(P<0.05).术后1、6个月,A、B、C组FPP与手术后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).D组手术前、手术后、术后1、6个月比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 肝硬化门静脉高压症犬在行传统断流术、选择性断流术和吻合器断流术术后6个月内PVD、PVV、PVF和FPP均显著下降,其中传统断流术影响最小,选择性贲门周围血管离断术最大.     

脾肾分流联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的效果及对血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨脾切除脾肾静脉分流加断流术(联合术)和单纯断流术的临床疗效及对门静脉血流动力学的影响.方法:对联合组11例、断流组18例运用彩色多普勒超声(DCFI)、间接门静脉造影(IPVG)、磁共振门脉血管成像(MRPVG)以及术中自由门静脉压(FPP)的测定,观察两种手术对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响及近期疗效.结果:MRPVG测得的PV和SV的血流量与DCFI测得的结果间差异无显著性.MRPVG对门静脉系统的成像效果好.断流组PV流量减少(417.48±239.37)ml/min,联合组减少(457.30±227.43)ml/min,两者间无显著差异.断流组FPP降低(3.83±1.73)mmHg,联合组降低(5.49±4.51)mmHg,联合组降压效果明显优于断流组.结论:MRPVG应作为PHT首选检查手段.联合术切断了门奇间反常的血流侧支,在降低FPP的同时又能保持一定的肝脏门静脉血流灌注,临床疗效满意,有望成为门静脉高压症的首选术式.     

联合断流和分流术治疗门静脉高压症(附180例分析)

目的 探讨联合断流和分流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床效果.方法 对1990年5月至2010年5月采用联合断流和分流手术治疗180例门静脉高压症的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 术前自由门静脉压力(FPP)平均为34 cm H2O;脾切除、脾腔或肠腔分流术后FPP下降10 cmH2O;手术后FPP平均为24.5 cm H2O....     

选择性断流术和联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效分析

目的:探讨选择性断流术和联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效.方法:将2009年6月-2011年12月收治的门静脉高压患者247例,按手术方法分为选择性断流术组(126例)和联合断流术组(121例).分别对两组治疗前后的临床资料及疗效进行比较分析.结果:术后两组患者自由门静脉压力( FPP)较治疗前明显下降(均P＜0.05),且选择断流术组下降程度大于联合断流术组(P＜0.05).除肝功能Child-pugh评分外,选择断流术组术后再出血发生率,肝性脑病,门静脉系统血栓和门静脉高压性胃病的发生率以及胃底食道下段曲张静脉情况等指标均优于联合断流术组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论:选择性断流术治疗门静脉高压症效果显著,并发症少,是一种理想的手术方法.     

贲门周围血管离断术后胃动力障碍的病因分析与预防措施

目的探讨贲门周围血管离断术 (PD)后胃动力障碍的原因与预防。方法将杂种狗2 4只平均分为对照组、保留迷走神经主干的贲门周围血管离断术 (VTPPD)组和PD组。分别测定其幽门括约肌动作电位和胃腔内压力 ,将VTPPD应用于临床 ,观察其效果。结果VTPPD组的胃平滑肌动作电位与对照组相似 ,比PD组高 12～ 2 5倍 ,1个动作电位末立即出现 1次收缩波 ,很有节律 ,而PD组则相反。采用VTPPD治疗门静脉高压症患者 4 2例 ,并与同期施行的PD 32例 ,PD加幽门成型术 (PP) 16例进行比较。术后胃肠功能平均恢复时间VTPPD组为 3 2d ,PD组为 5 7d ,PD加PP组为 4 2d ,3组之间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。胃液滞留、恶心、呕吐、突发性腹泻和肠胃返流发生率均明显低于PD组和PD加PP组。 3组之间的再出血率和死亡率差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论PD术后胃动力障碍的主要原因是切断了支配幽门胃窦区的迷走神经 ,VTPPD能有效地预防这一并发症。     

脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后肝脏血流动力学和储备功能的变化

Objective To observe changes of hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic functional reserve after splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization. Methods From July 2006 to August 2007, thirty patients with portal hypertension caused by hepatitis B cirrhosis underwent splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascuiarization. The PVPG (portal venous pressure gradient) was measured by inductor continually during operation. The HAF (hepatic artery flow), PVF (portal venours flow) and hepatic arterial RI(resistant index) were measured with Doppler sonography. The EHBF(effective hepatic blood flow) and ICGR15 (indocyaninegreen retention rate at 15 minutes) were obtained respectively by indocyaninegreen clearance test before and after the operation. Results PVPG after laparotomy (19±4) mm Hg, ligating the splenic artery(14±4) mm Hg, splenectomy(14±3)mm Hg and periesophagogastric devascularization (12±4) mm Hg showed a tendency to decrease progressively. The PVF decreased [from (42±14) ml/s to (16±8) ml/s] and HAF increased in compensation after operation. The EHBF increased [from (0.48±0.10) L/min to (0.56±0.10) L/min], and the ICGR15 decreased (from 23%±8% to 18%±4%) postoperatively. Conclusion After splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization, the hepatic functional reserve improves at least in a short term notwithstanding the decrease of PVPG and PVF.     

脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后肝脏血流动力学和储备功能的变化

Objective To observe changes of hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic functional reserve after splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization. Methods From July 2006 to August 2007, thirty patients with portal hypertension caused by hepatitis B cirrhosis underwent splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascuiarization. The PVPG (portal venous pressure gradient) was measured by inductor continually during operation. The HAF (hepatic artery flow), PVF (portal venours flow) and hepatic arterial RI(resistant index) were measured with Doppler sonography. The EHBF(effective hepatic blood flow) and ICGR15 (indocyaninegreen retention rate at 15 minutes) were obtained respectively by indocyaninegreen clearance test before and after the operation. Results PVPG after laparotomy (19±4) mm Hg, ligating the splenic artery(14±4) mm Hg, splenectomy(14±3)mm Hg and periesophagogastric devascularization (12±4) mm Hg showed a tendency to decrease progressively. The PVF decreased [from (42±14) ml/s to (16±8) ml/s] and HAF increased in compensation after operation. The EHBF increased [from (0.48±0.10) L/min to (0.56±0.10) L/min], and the ICGR15 decreased (from 23%±8% to 18%±4%) postoperatively. Conclusion After splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization, the hepatic functional reserve improves at least in a short term notwithstanding the decrease of PVPG and PVF.     

脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后肝脏血流动力学和储备功能的变化

Objective To observe changes of hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic functional reserve after splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization. Methods From July 2006 to August 2007, thirty patients with portal hypertension caused by hepatitis B cirrhosis underwent splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascuiarization. The PVPG (portal venous pressure gradient) was measured by inductor continually during operation. The HAF (hepatic artery flow), PVF (portal venours flow) and hepatic arterial RI(resistant index) were measured with Doppler sonography. The EHBF(effective hepatic blood flow) and ICGR15 (indocyaninegreen retention rate at 15 minutes) were obtained respectively by indocyaninegreen clearance test before and after the operation. Results PVPG after laparotomy (19±4) mm Hg, ligating the splenic artery(14±4) mm Hg, splenectomy(14±3)mm Hg and periesophagogastric devascularization (12±4) mm Hg showed a tendency to decrease progressively. The PVF decreased [from (42±14) ml/s to (16±8) ml/s] and HAF increased in compensation after operation. The EHBF increased [from (0.48±0.10) L/min to (0.56±0.10) L/min], and the ICGR15 decreased (from 23%±8% to 18%±4%) postoperatively. Conclusion After splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization, the hepatic functional reserve improves at least in a short term notwithstanding the decrease of PVPG and PVF.     

脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后肝脏血流动力学和储备功能的变化

Objective To observe changes of hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic functional reserve after splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization. Methods From July 2006 to August 2007, thirty patients with portal hypertension caused by hepatitis B cirrhosis underwent splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascuiarization. The PVPG (portal venous pressure gradient) was measured by inductor continually during operation. The HAF (hepatic artery flow), PVF (portal venours flow) and hepatic arterial RI(resistant index) were measured with Doppler sonography. The EHBF(effective hepatic blood flow) and ICGR15 (indocyaninegreen retention rate at 15 minutes) were obtained respectively by indocyaninegreen clearance test before and after the operation. Results PVPG after laparotomy (19±4) mm Hg, ligating the splenic artery(14±4) mm Hg, splenectomy(14±3)mm Hg and periesophagogastric devascularization (12±4) mm Hg showed a tendency to decrease progressively. The PVF decreased [from (42±14) ml/s to (16±8) ml/s] and HAF increased in compensation after operation. The EHBF increased [from (0.48±0.10) L/min to (0.56±0.10) L/min], and the ICGR15 decreased (from 23%±8% to 18%±4%) postoperatively. Conclusion After splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization, the hepatic functional reserve improves at least in a short term notwithstanding the decrease of PVPG and PVF.     

腹腔镜贲门周围血管离断术

食管静脉曲张出血是肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的主要死因。外科治疗的目的是采取各种措施防治致命性的大出血。贲门周围血管离断是治疗门静脉高压出血的手术方式之一。腹腔镜技术的发展使得越来越多复杂手术的开展成为可能。1994年Tsi moyiannis用实验猪完成了改良的Sugiura断流手术,手术步骤包括游离下段食管和迷走神经、用EEA吻合器行食管切断再吻合,胃底食管下段10 cm血管离断、脾切除,Nis-sen胃底折叠及幽门成形。Zilberstein和Hashizume分别报告了腹腔镜食管、胃底周围血管离断、保留或切除脾脏。国内许红兵于1997年首先报告了手助的…     

脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后肝脏血流动力学和储备功能的变化

目的 研究脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后肝脏血流动力学及肝功能储备的变化.方法 对2006年6月至2007年8月在四川大学华西医院行脾切除贲门周围血管离断术的连续30例乙肝后肝硬化患者通过感应器连续测定手术中的门静脉压力梯度;运用彩色多普勒分别测最术前和术后肝动脉血流量、门静脉血流量、肝动脉阻力指数,通过术前和术后吲哚青绿试验分别测得有效肝血流量及ICGR15.结果 本组30例患者的门静脉压力梯度在开腹后为(19±4)mm Hg,结扎脾动脉后为(14±4)mm Hg,脾切除后为(14±3)mm Hg,贲门周围血管离断术后为(12±4)mm Hg,有逐渐下降的趋势.术后门静脉血流餐由(42±14)ml/s降至(16±8)ml/s,而肝动脉血流量代偿性增加.术后有效肝血流量由(0.48±0.10)L/min增至(0.56±0.10)L/min,而ICGR15由22%±8%减至18%±4%.结论 脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后,尽管门静脉压力梯度及门静脉血流量减少,但肝功能储备至少在术后短期内是得到了改善的.     

脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后肝脏血流动力学和储备功能的变化

Objective To observe changes of hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic functional reserve after splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization. Methods From July 2006 to August 2007, thirty patients with portal hypertension caused by hepatitis B cirrhosis underwent splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascuiarization. The PVPG (portal venous pressure gradient) was measured by inductor continually during operation. The HAF (hepatic artery flow), PVF (portal venours flow) and hepatic arterial RI(resistant index) were measured with Doppler sonography. The EHBF(effective hepatic blood flow) and ICGR15 (indocyaninegreen retention rate at 15 minutes) were obtained respectively by indocyaninegreen clearance test before and after the operation. Results PVPG after laparotomy (19±4) mm Hg, ligating the splenic artery(14±4) mm Hg, splenectomy(14±3)mm Hg and periesophagogastric devascularization (12±4) mm Hg showed a tendency to decrease progressively. The PVF decreased [from (42±14) ml/s to (16±8) ml/s] and HAF increased in compensation after operation. The EHBF increased [from (0.48±0.10) L/min to (0.56±0.10) L/min], and the ICGR15 decreased (from 23%±8% to 18%±4%) postoperatively. Conclusion After splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization, the hepatic functional reserve improves at least in a short term notwithstanding the decrease of PVPG and PVF.