Ophthalmologic and intraocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a large single centre study of initial characteristics, natural history, and prognostic factors

The aims of this study were to define the initial characteristics, natural history, and prognostic factors of patients with ophthalmologic and intraocular malignant lymphoma. All patients treated at the Institut Curie for lymphoma with ophthalmologic (orbit and/or adnexa) or intraocular involvement were retrospectively reviewed. A pathological review of all cases was performed according to the WHO classification. One hundred and forty-five patients were selected for the study. Pathological review showed 36% MALT type lymphoma, 22% lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma, and 15% diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Ophthalmologic and ocular sites were intra-orbital in 61 cases (42%) and conjunctival in 51 cases (35%), with bilateral involvement in 10% of cases. Stage IV was found in 32% of cases, with bone marrow involvement in 12%. With a median follow-up of 90 months, the 5-year DFS and OS were 64 and 79% for low-grade NHL, and 43 and 50% for high-grade NHL. On multivariate analysis, age greater than 59 years, elevated LDH level, stage IV, high-grade histological subgroup, and presence of B-symptoms had a negative impact on OS for the overall population. In conclusion, with a median follow-up of 7.5 years, our large cohort of patients represents one of the largest published series on primary ophthalmologic and intraocular malignant lymphoma.     

90例粘膜相关淋巴瘤患者的临床预后分析

背景与目的：粘膜相关淋巴瘤是一种边缘带非霍奇金淋巴瘤,由于其惰性的临床过程,对其临床特点及预后因素的报道比较少见。本研究对该肿瘤的临床特点及预后因素进行探讨。方法：收集1997年12月至2007年2月经病理确诊的粘膜相关淋巴瘤病例共90例,分为胃组和胃外组进行回顾性分析。结果：全组90例患者中,中位年龄52岁（13～77岁）,原发于胃的23例（25．6％）,胃外67例（74．4％）临床分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期的75例（83．3％）,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期15例（16．7％）多器官累及的患者占34．4％,淋巴结累及的患者占44．4％,原发胃外的患者更易出现淋巴结转移（P=0．040）。经治疗后完全缓解率为72．1％。中位随访时间31．4个月,淋巴结阳性和阴性患者的5年生存率分别为58．7％和88．4％（P=0．012）。IPI评分0～2分和首次治疗后完全缓解的患者中位无进展时间分别为61．9个月和未达到,而IPI评分〉2分和首次治疗未达完全缓解的患者中位无进展时间分别为5．2个月和15．0个月,结果差异具有统计学意义（P=0．005和P=0．030）。在67例胃外组患者中,IPI评分是总生存的独立预后指标（P=0．023）。结论：粘膜相关淋巴瘤应被认为是一种广泛播散的惰性淋巴瘤,原发胃外的患者更易出现淋巴结侵犯。具有不良预后因素包括淋巴结侵犯,IPI评分〉2和首次治疗疗效未达到完全缓解的患者应给予更加积极的治疗．     

原发结内外周T细胞淋巴瘤19例临床特征及预后分析

 目的　分析原发结内外周T细胞淋巴瘤（PTCL）的临床特点、治疗和预后。方法　回顾性分析19例原发结内PTCL患者的临床资料、治疗反应以及预后因素。结果　19例患者中位发病年龄54岁,男女比例2.17∶1,其中94.7 %（18／19）为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期,84.2 %（16／19）有B症状,84.2 %（16／19）有结外器官受累,57.9 %（11／19）有骨髓浸润。化疗完全缓解（CR）率36.8 %（7／19）,2年总生存（OS）率47.4 %,2年无进展生存（PFS）率25 %。预后分析显示,结外侵犯数量（EN）≥2个、美国东部肿瘤协作组（ECOG）体能状态评分≥2分、国际预后指数（IPI）评分＞2分以及β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）升高为不良预后因素。结论　原发结内PTCL是一类高度侵袭的异质性T细胞淋巴瘤,化疗效果差,多项因素提示不良预后。     

Waldeyer's ring lymphomas: treatment results and prognostic factors

Optimal management of patients with localized Waldeyer's ring (WR) lymphoma remains controversial due to the lack of randomized studies and heterogenous grouping of most reported series. In this retrospective study, we have evaluated the possible prognostic factors and treatment outcome of WR non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Between December 1993 and February 2000, 32 patients with WR lymphoma, stage I (11 patients) and stage II (21 patients) were treated. There were 17 male patients and 15 female patients with a median age of 47 years. The distribution among different anatomical sites were as follows: tonsils in 16 (50%), nasopharynx in 10 (31%), base of tongue in 6 (19%). According to Working Formulation, 10 had high-grade, 17 intermediate grade, 3 low-grade, and 2 had unclassified lymphomas. Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy was the primary modality of therapy for intermediate or high-grade lymphoma. Radiotherapy alone was employed only in low-grade WR lymphomas. Chemotherapy was median 6 courses of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vincristine, and prednisolone) in 26 patients and CEOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide, and prednisone). Radiotherapy volume was involved field and the median dose was 40 Gy. Median follow-up is 40 months (ranged from 6-82 months). Overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) rates at 3 years are 100% and 92%, respectively. Two patients developed recurrence, both salvaged with further chemotherapy. Only one patient died because of other reasons. International Prognostic Index score (2) is found to be an important prognostic factor for DFS. The other significant prognostic factors for DFS are performance status and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Our results suggest that combined chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy is appropriate treatment for stage I-II WR lymphoma. International Prognostic Index is the strongest predictor for DFS.     

Treatment results and prognostic factors in primary thyroid lymphoma patients: a Rare Cancer Network study

Background: This study analyzed prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of primary thyroid lymphoma.Patients and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected for 87 patients (53 stage I and 34 stage II) with median age 65 years. Fifty-two patients were treated with single modality (31 with chemotherapy alone and 21 with radiotherapy alone) and 35 with combined modality treatment. Median follow-up was 51 months.Results: Sixty patients had aggressive lymphoma and 27 had indolent lymphoma. The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 74% and 71%, respectively, and the disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 68% and 64%. Univariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, stage, lymph node involvement, B symptoms, and treatment modality were prognostic factors for OS, DFS, and local control (LC). Patients with thyroiditis had significantly better LC rates. In multivariate analysis, OS was influenced by age, B symptoms, lymph node involvement, and tumor size, whereas DFS and LC were influenced by B symptoms and tumor size. Compared with single modality treatment, patients treated with combined modality had better 5-year OS, DFS, and LC.Conclusions: Combined modality leads to an excellent prognosis for patients with aggressive lymphoma but does not improve OS and LC in patients with indolent lymphoma.     

粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床研究

目的　提高对黏膜相关淋巴组织 (MALT)淋巴瘤临床特征的认识。方法　经我院确诊的MALT淋巴瘤 12例 ,进行回顾性临床分析研究。结果　按原发部位可分为胃肠 (GI)和非胃肠 (NON GI)两组。GI组 6例 ( 5 0 % ) ,NON GI组 6例 ( 5 0 % ) ,后者包括膀胱 2例 ,睾丸 1例 ,甲状腺 1例 ,乳腺 1例 ,眼眶 1例。手术治疗 11例 ,其中单用手术治疗 4例 ,手术加化疗 7例。单用化疗 1例。随访 12例 ,1例死亡 ,11例存活 1年 ,6例存活 3年 ,2例存活 5年。结论　MALT淋巴瘤是非霍奇金淋巴瘤的一种独特亚型 ,具有起病隐匿、病程长、进展慢及患病率低 ,好发于中老年男性 ,B组症状少见 ,治疗效果和预后良好等特征。     

Ki-67 expression is predictive of prognosis in patients with stage I/II extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.

BACKGROUND: Localized extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, commonly has a low or low-intermediate risk of the international prognostic index (IPI), so the IPI has shown inconsistency in predicting prognosis. Thus, we analyzed Ki-67 expression and proposed a new prognostic model including Ki-67 expression for stage I/II extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied Ki-67 expression and its relationship with prognosis in 50 patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. RESULTS: The patients were dichotomized by the median value: low (<65%) versus high Ki-67 (> or =65%). High Ki-67 was associated with a worse overall survival (OS; P = 0.021) and disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.044). In multivariate analysis, Ki-67 expression and primary site of involvement were found to be an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS (P < 0.05). Based on these results, we proposed a new clinico-pathological prognostic model with Ki-67 expression and the primary site of involvement. It showed a high degree of correlation with worse OS and DFS (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ki-67 expression is predictive of prognosis, and our prognostic model may become a useful tool for predicting prognosis in patients with stage I/II extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.     

Prognostic factors in patients with isolated recurrences of breast cancer (stage IV-NED)

Background: One to 10% of women with metastatic breast cancer have a recurrence of their disease as an isolated lesion (local, regional, or distant) which may be treated by surgical resection, irradiation, or both. These are patients with stage IV breast cancer with no evidence of disease, or stage IV-NED. Because natural history and prognostic factors for patients with stage IV-NED are poorly determined, we decided to evaluate a group of patients with stage IV-NED treated at a single institution.Patients and methods: Ninety-six patients with isolated recurrence of stage IV breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Treatment of loco-regional or distant recurrence was surgery in 18 patients and surgery plus irradiation in 78 patients. Seventy-nine patients received systemic therapy after loco-regional treatment (24 chemotherapy and 55 hormonotherapy). Prognostic factors were analyzed and correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).Results: Five-year DFS and OS for the whole group were 29% and 49% respectively. On the univariate analysis, patients without axillary nodal involvement at the time of mastectomy had significantly greater 5-year DFS and OS than patients with nodal involvement (51% vs. 14% and 70% vs. 34% respectively, p< 0.05). DFS was also significantly better for patients receiving systemic therapy after local treatment (31% vs. 19%). On the multivariate analysis, absence of nodal involvement and systemic therapy were associated with longer DFS (p = 0.044 and p = 0.008, respectively) and OS (p = 0.009 and p = 0.011, respectively). None of the other factors analyzed including menopausal status, T-stage, number of involved nodes, receptor status, adjuvant therapy, sites of first recurrence, or time from mastectomy to first recurrence had a predictive value for DFS and OS.Conclusion: Patients with stage IV-NED have poor prognosis due to early development of metastatic disease. Absence of axillary nodal involvement at the time of mastectomy and systemic therapy following local management is associated with improved DFS and OS. These results suggest that systemic therapy after local treatment in stage IV-NED is indicated. Poor prognosis in patients with previous nodal involvement warrants new approaches.     

Long-term results of postoperative prophylactic nodal irradiation for node-positive, high-risk Breast Cancer patients

Objective  To retrospectively evaluate the long-term results of postoperative nodal irradiation. Patients: A total of 271 patients with breast cancer treated between 1976 and 1993 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent modified radical mastectomy and exhibited extensive axillary lymph node involvement. Methods  Of 271 patients, 116 were non-randomly selected for postoperative irradiation (RT) of the internal mammary and supraclavicular nodes. Intensive chemotherapy (CT) such as cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU (CMF) was not used for adjuvant systemic therapy. Eight clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated for their significance with regard to survival and local control at the irradiated area. Each factor was tested for significance with uni- and multivariate analysis. Results  The minimum and median follow-up periods for survivors were 37 and 104 months, respectively. Ten-year cause-specific overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), and local control within the irradiated field (LC) for the whole cohort were 51.9%, 33.0% and 78.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the estrogen receptor status and the number of involved nodes were the most significant prognostic factors for both OS and DFS in this group of patients. Adding RT did not improve either OS or DFS. For local control, radiation therapy as well as estrogen receptor status were significant prognostic factors. Conclusion  Although postoperative nodal irradiation clearly reduced the incidence of local recurrence, it did not improve the survival of high risk patients. A clinical trial which combines an intensive CT and postoperative radiotherapy should be undertaken.     

Outcome and prognostic factors in orbital lymphoma: a Rare Cancer Network study on 90 consecutive patients treated with radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To assess the outcome and prognostic factors in patients with orbital lymphoma treated by radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1980 and 1999, 90 consecutive patients with primary orbital lymphoma were treated in 13 member institutions of the Rare Cancer Network. A full staging workup was completed in 56 patients. Seventy-eight patients had low-, 6 intermediate-, and 6 high-grade lymphoma, and 75 had a single orbital localization. All patients underwent RT with a median dose of 34.2 Gy (range 4.0-50.4). Eleven patients received chemotherapy in addition to RT. RESULTS: After RT, local control was achieved in 97% of the patients. Local progression occurred in 2% and local relapse 1%. The rate of systemic relapse was 20%, and 9% of the patients developed metachronous contralateral eye involvement. The 5-year disease-free survival, overall survival, and cause-specific survival rate was 65%, 78%, and 87%, respectively. In univariate analyses, the statistically significant favorable prognostic factors were younger age, low grade, normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate, absence of muscular infiltration, complete response to treatment, conjunctival localization, and normal lactate dehydrogenase value for overall survival, disease-free survival, and freedom from treatment failure. In multivariate analysis, the favorable factors were younger age and low grade for overall and disease-free survival; a favorable response, conjunctival localization, and complete staging were highly significant for disease-free survival and freedom from treatment failure. Neither the RT technique nor the total dose influenced the outcome. Cataract and xerophthalmia were the most prominent late toxicities. CONCLUSION: Moderate- to low-dose RT alone is able to control primary orbital lymphoma with low morbidity. A full staging workup is warranted in these patients. Prognostic factors were identified that could be useful in the overall management of this uncommon site of primary lymphoma.     

Evaluation of tumor markers (HER-2/neu oncoprotein,CEA, and CA 15.3) in patients with locoregional breast cancer: prognostic value

Tumor markers were studied in the sera of 883 untreated patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed between 1989 and 2007. Abnormal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu levels (>15 ng/mL) were found in 9.5%, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 15.9%, and cancer antigen (CA) 15.3 in 19.7% of the patients. One or more tumor markers were abnormal in 305 (34.5%) of the 883 studied patients. Significantly higher serum HER-2/neu levels were found in patients with tissue overexpression of this oncoprotein (p < 0.0001). CEA, CA 15.3, and HER-2/neu (only in those patients with tissue overexpression) serum levels were related with tumor stage (tumor size and nodal involvement) and steroid receptors (higher values in estrogen receptor-negative (ER−) tumors). Univariate analysis showed that HER-2/neu serum levels were prognostic factors in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) only in patients with tissue overexpression. Multivariate analysis in 834 patients show that nodal involvement, tumor size, ER, CEA, and adjuvant treatment were independent prognostic factors in DFS and OS. When only patients with HER-2/neu overexpression in tissue were studied, tumor size, nodal involvement, and tumor markers (one or another positive) were independent prognostic factors for both DFS and OS. HER-2/neu serum levels were also an independent prognostic factor, with CEA, ER, and nodes in 106 patients treated with neoadjuvant treatment. In summary, serum HER-2/neu, CEA, and CA 15.3 are useful tools in the prognostic evaluation of patients with primary breast cancer.     

Prognostic factors after surgery of primary resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumours

AIMS: To analyse the prognostic factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) after a complete resection of the primary tumour. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine patients who underwent a complete initial resection of a GIST were studied. Peritumoral resections (PTR) were compared to segmental organ resections (SOR). Overall survival (OS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Primary sites were: stomach (25), small intestine (22), rectum (7), duodenum (5). Two patients had nodal involvement. The median follow-up was 45 months. Local DFS was significantly better after SOR compared to PTR (median 63 vs. 11 months, respectively, p<0.001). Univariate analysis for OS identified the grade (p=0.005) and size (p=0.02) as prognostic factors. Only a high histologic grade was an independent factor (p=0.02) in the multivariate analysis. Out of 49 patients who relapsed, the first recurrence was local only in 12, local and distant in 10 and distant only in 27; only one had a lymph node failure. Recurrences were accessible to curative surgery in 22 cases. OS of patients submitted to complete resection of their recurrence was significantly better than patients whose recurrence could not be resected (median 52 vs. 12 months, respectively, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Complete surgery without rupture remains the mainstay of treatment in patients with localized, resectable disease. A peri-tumoral resection confers a high risk of local recurrence and should be avoided. Lymphadenectomy is not systematic. Grade is the main prognostic factor for OS and can be a decision marker for adjuvant treatment with Gleevec.     

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast: The Mayo Clinic Experience

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively evaluate the characteristics, natural history, results of treatment, and prognostic factors for patients diagnosed with primary breast lymphoma. METHODS: Between 1973 and 1998, 25 women and 1 man with the diagnosis of primary breast non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PNHLB) were seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester and Mayo Clinic Scottsdale. Patient characteristics, treatment methods, and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: The median follow-up for surviving patients was 6.6 years (range: 1.8-22.1 years). There were 11 low-grade NHL, 13 intermediate-grade NHL, and 2 high-grade NHL. Three patients underwent mastectomy while 23 had local excision. The Ann Arbor stage of disease included: Stage I-21 patients, Stage II-5 patients. Sixteen patients received radiation after surgery (15 after biopsy, 1 after mastectomy). Chemotherapy was given to 10 patients as part of the initial treatment. Four patients with low-grade disease were treated with excision only. The 5-year overall survival rate was 70% and relapse-free survival rate 42%, while local control rate was 75% and distant control rate 51%. Five-year survival and relapse-free survival rates for patients with low-grade disease were 91 and 61%, respectively. Three of four patients with low-grade disease treated with excision alone were free of local recurrence. For intermediate- and high-grade PNHLB, 5-year survival rate was 61% for those treated with chemotherapy, compared to 31% for those without chemotherapy (P = 0.35), and the 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 49%, compared to 0%, respectively (P = 0.0017). Three patients with intermediate- or high-grade disease developed central nervous system (CNS) dissemination. On univariate analysis, Ann Arbor stage was the only significant prognostic factor for survival (P = 0.0021). CONCLUSIONS: The management of PNHLB should be based on histologic grade. Patients with low-grade disease may be managed with local therapy alone. The role of chemotherapy in this group is unclear. Patients with intermediate- or high-grade disease have better outcome if chemotherapy is included. An unusual site of distant dissemination for these patients is the CNS. The only significant prognostic factor for survival is Ann Arbor stage.     

青海地区淋巴瘤253例临床特点与预后因素分析

目的 分析淋巴瘤的临床特点及预后相关因素.方法 对青海地区253例淋巴瘤患者临床资料进行回顾性研究并随访.采用Kaplan-Meier法分析患者不同临床特点及实验室检查的生存期差异.采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响预后的因素.结果 253例淋巴瘤患者中,男、女比例为1.56∶1,中位年龄为48岁,发病年龄高峰为40岁和60岁左右.结内起病（56.13％）较多,结外起病常见部位为鼻咽部和胃肠道.病理类型为霍奇金淋巴瘤40例（15.81％）,非霍奇金淋巴瘤213例（84.19％）.前者以结节硬化型（72.50％）最多见;后者中B细胞淋巴瘤148例（69.48％）,最常见的病理类型为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（39.91％）、滤泡细胞淋巴瘤（12.21％）及周围T细胞非特殊型淋巴瘤（9.39％）.单因素预后分析显示,临床分期、有无B症状、血红蛋白（Hb）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、国际预后指数（IPI）及治疗方案与非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后密切相关（均P＜0.05）.Cox回归模型多因素分析显示,临床分期、IPI及治疗方案与非霍奇金淋巴瘤的预后关系密切,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 青海地区淋巴瘤发病年龄有两个高峰,结内发病高于结外,B细胞淋巴瘤多见,IPI分组适用于该地区非霍奇金淋巴瘤的预后评估,并可作为其独立的预后因素.     

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children: ten years' experience at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai

PURPOSE: To evaluate the disease characteristics and outcome of children with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1990 and 2000, 81 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated at the Tata Memorial Hospital. The median age was 14 years. The male/female ratio was 2.8:1. Of the 81 patients, 32 (39%), 21 (26%), and 28 (35%) had T1-T2, T3, and T4 (TNM International Union Against Cancer staging system, 1997), respectively. Ninety-one percent presented with nodal metastasis. Thirty patients (37%) had lymph nodes >6 cm, and 45 (56%) had bilateral nodes at presentation. Histologically, 77 patients (95%) had undifferentiated carcinoma. Eighty-five percent received neoadjuvant multiagent chemotherapy containing bleomycin, methotrexate, and cisplatin, followed by radiotherapy (RT). RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 50 months, the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rate for the entire group was 45% and 54%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for evaluation of prognostic factors and were compared using the log-rank test. Nodal status had a significant impact on DFS (p = 0.021) and OS (p = 0.006). Complete responders to chemotherapy had superior DFS (p = 0.000) and OS (p = 0.000). RT doses >60 Gy resulted in better DFS (p = 0.020) and OS (p = 0.012). Combined chemotherapy plus RT resulted in improved DFS (p = 0.457) and OS (p = 0.296), although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Combined modality management using chemotherapy and RT resulted in satisfactory locoregional control and OS in pediatric patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nodal involvement, response to chemotherapy, and RT dose were important prognostic factors.     

74例淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤的临床特点及预后分析

目的 分析淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤（lymphoblastic lymphoma, LBL）的临床特点,比较B淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤（B lymphoblasts lymphoma, B-LBL）与T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤（T lymphoblasts lymphoma, T-LBL）的临床及预后特点及不同化疗方案对LBL的预后影响。方法 选择2007—2014年天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治的74例经免疫组织化学确诊为LBL的患者。采用描述统计方法分析LBL的疾病谱特征。结果 74例LBL患者的中位年龄为19.5岁,其中45例为男性,60例为晚期起病（Ann-Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期）,42例存在B症状,32例发生骨髓受累。治疗总有效率为70.2%,完全缓解率为48.6%,3年和5年总生存率（overall survival, OS）分别为38.0%和26.6%,3年和5年无进展生存率（progression-free survival, PFS）分别为34.8%和23.2%。其中B-LBL患者17例,T-LBL患者57例。B-LBL较T-LBL更倾向发生于儿童,起病时多伴有贫血,二者生存意义比较差异无统计学意义。单因素分析显示年龄是否小于18岁、有无贫血、β2微球蛋白水平、诱导治疗方案、近期疗效为预后相关因素。结论 淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤是一种高度侵袭性的恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,生存期短,多发生于青少年,起病时多为晚期,易发生骨髓转移。采用ALL类化疗方案的患者预后可能优于CHOP样方案。     

Prognostic effect analysis of molecular subtype on young breast cancer patients

Objective

To make a prognostic effect analysis of molecular subtype on young breast cancer patients.

Methods

Totally 187 cases of young breast cancer patients less than 40 years old treated in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University between June 2005 and June 2011 were included in our study. We described their clinical-pathological characteristics, disease-free survival (DFS) rate, and overall survival (OS) rate after a median follow-up period of 61 months. The factors associated with prognosis were also evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

All patients were premenopausal, with an average age of 35.36±3.88 years old. The mean tumor size was 2.43±1.53 cm. Eighty-one cases had lymph node metastasis (43.3%), 126 cases had lymphovascular invasion (67.4%), and 125 cases had histological grade III (66.8%) disease. Twenty-seven cases (14.4%) were Luminal A subtype, 99 cases (52.9%) were Luminal B subtype, 29 cases (15.5%) were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpression subtype, while 32 cases (17.1%) were triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype according to 2013 St Gallen expert consensus. One hundred and thirty-five cases underwent mastectomy whereas 52 cases had breast-conserving surgery. One hundred and seventy-eight cases underwent adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Recurrence or metastasis occurred in 29 cases, 13 of which died. The 5-year DFS and OS rates were 84% and 92%. Multivariate analysis showed that nodal status (P=0.041) and molecular subtype (P=0.037) were both independent prognostic factors of DFS, while nodal status (P=0.037) and TNBC subtype (P=0.048) were both independent prognostic factors of OS.

Conclusions

Molecular subtype is an independent prognostic factor of young breast cancer patients. TNBC has a high risk of relapse and death.     

Primary gastinc lymphoma

The records of 30 patients with primary gastric lymphoma and a minimum of 5 years of follow-up were reviewed and clinical and pathologic prognostic factors analyzed. The overall 5-year survival was 40% (median 23 months). No significant relationship between surgical and patient age, sex, duration of symptoms, macroscopic appearance, or size of the primary lesion or degree of serosal infiltration was demonstrated. Stage of disease and site of primary had an impact on prognosis. Survival was improved in patients with stage I–II disease (P< 0.05) and in patients with primary located in the distal third of the stomach (P< 0.05). Although histology in all three classifications did not correlate well with survival, patients with low-grade lymphoma according to Kiel showed improved outcome (P< 0.05). Five–year survival of 11 patients with positive lymph nodes, 6 of whom were treated with cytotoxic therapy, was 54% and comparable to that of 7 patients (56%) with no nodal involvement who did not receive chemotherapy after surgery. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A critical analysis of prognostic factors for survival in intermediate and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group Therapy Working Party

Between 1979 and 1987 the Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group registered 972 adults with Working Formulation high or intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clinical, pathological and investigational data were recorded prospectively on a computer database allowing analysis for prognostic factors. We have derived prognostically important characteristics and have tested prospectively the validity of the prognostic index on a geographically distinct sub-set of patients from the Edinburgh/Borders clinics. Multivariate analysis showed the following factors to be important in declining order of power; advancing age, worsening performance status, CNS/liver involvement, abnormal white cell count, 'B' symptoms and advancing clinical stage. Patient individual scores allowed them to be aggregated into one of three distinct prognostic groupings separated by arbitrary cut-points into a Best Group (39%) where the median survival exceeds 5 years (53% alive at 5 years), an Intermediate Group (30%) with median survival of 21 months (21% alive at 5 years), and a Worst Group (31%) whose median survival is 7 months (8% alive at 5 years). Similar prognostic group separations occurred when analysis was confined to: patients younger than 70 years; patients treated with initial chemotherapy; patients treated with initial radiotherapy; patients within any of the major pathological sub-groups.     

Treatment results of radiotherapy for malignant lymphoma of the orbit and histopathologic review according to the WHO classification

PURPOSE: To analyze the results of radiotherapy (RT) for malignant lymphoma of the orbit and to evaluate them compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) classification published in 2001. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The data from 29 patients with malignant lymphoma of the orbit treated with RT at Gunma University Hospital between 1978 and 2001 were retrospectively analyzed. Pathologic slides from 23 cases were available and were reviewed by a hematopathologist according to the WHO classification. The original and reviewed diagnoses, patient characteristics, treatment results, and complications were analyzed. In principle, patients with low-grade or indolent lymphoma were treated with RT alone, using 30 Gy as the tumor dose. Survival data were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: One case that proved to be a pseudotumor was excluded from evaluation. Of the 28 cases, 25 were Stage IAE, 1 was Stage IIAE, and 2 were Stage IVAE. The median follow-up was 71 months. According to the original classification and the Working Formulation, the 5- and 10-year overall survival rate of patients with low-grade lymphoma was 94% and 73%, respectively. The corresponding rates for those with intermediate-grade lymphoma were 67% and 67% (p = 0.15). In contrast, the WHO classification showed a significant difference in the survival curves. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rate of patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma was 100% and 88%, respectively; for diffuse large B-cell patients, the rates were both 0% (p < 0.001). In patients with MALT lymphoma, one local and four distant relapses developed; two of them >10 years after initial treatment. All of the relapsed MALT lymphomas were controlled by salvage therapy. CONCLUSION: Excellent local control and survival can be achieved for patients with orbital MALT lymphoma using RT alone. A precise histopathologic diagnosis using the WHO classification and long-term follow-up for >10 years is recommended.