中国2012年18~59岁就业流动人口身体活动和静态时间现状调查

目的 了解我国就业(18~59岁)流动人口业余锻炼和静态行为现况。方法 2012年在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团共170个县(区、团),采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,确定有效调查对象48 704名。以面对面访谈的方式,询问调查对象的业余锻炼等身体活动情况与平均每天用于看电视、阅读、使用计算机、玩电子游戏等静态行为的时间。结果 2012年样本人群经常锻炼率为19.4%(95%CI:19.0%~19.7%),男性高于女性,男性的经常锻炼率随年龄增加呈下降趋势(P<0.01),女性则相反。随着文化程度的提高,男女性经常锻炼率均呈上升趋势(P<0.01);不同职业间经常锻炼率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中社会服务业最高(23.9%,95%CI:23.0%~24.9%),其次是制造业(20.1%,95%CI:19.3%~21.0%)。2012年样本人群从不锻炼率为71.3%(95%CI:70.9%~71.7%),男性低于女性;男女性从不锻炼率均随年龄增加而增加(趋势检验P<0.01)、随着文化程度的提高而降低(P<0.01)。2012年样本人群平均每日静态行为时间为4.9(95%CI:4.8~4.9) h,其中男性为4.7 h,女性为5.1 h。静态时间随年龄增加呈下降趋势,随文化程度的提高呈上升趋势。结论 我国就业流动人口主动锻炼处于较低水平,特别是女性,文化水平较低及高年龄段的人群,有必要深入开展有针对性的健康促进工作。     

What characterizes cleaners sustaining good musculoskeletal health after years with physically heavy work?

Objectives  The aim of this case–control study was to investigate characteristics of cleaners with good musculoskeletal health after years with physically heavy work. Methods  One hundred and 41 female seniority cleaners participated. Twenty-five reported no musculoskeletal symptoms, whereas 83 reported severe symptoms in the low back, neck shoulders or upper limbs. The groups were of matching age, height, body weight and seniority (19 years). Muscular strength was recorded by isometric maximal voluntary contractions on a day without pain. Exposure to physical risk factors at work, psychosocial work factors, and leisure time physical activity were assessed by a postal questionnaire. Results  Cleaners with good musculoskeletal health were not reporting different exposure to physical risk factors at work or leisure time physical activity, but had higher muscular strength and reported higher influence at work than cleaners with severe symptoms. Conclusions  These findings suggest that muscular strength and influence at work are of relevance for sustaining good musculoskeletal health in workers with physically heavy work.     

Physical activity energy expenditure in Dutch adolescents: contribution of active transport to school, physical education, and leisure time activities

BACKGROUND: Detailed knowledge about physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) can guide the development of school interventions aimed at reducing overweight in adolescents. However, relevant components of PAEE have never been objectively quantified in this population. This study investigated the contribution of active transport to and from school, physical education (PE), and leisure time activities to total PAEE during a regular school week in adolescents. METHODS: Seventy‐three adolescents (mean age: 15.7 years) wore an individually calibrated combined heart rate‐acceleration monitor and kept an activity diary during a regular school week. Branched equation modeling was used to calculate PAEE of the specific activity categories, and their relative contribution to total PAEE was determined. RESULTS: Active transport and PE contributed 30.0% and 17.4%, respectively, to school‐related PAEE. Active transport to and from school contributed 15% to total PAEE. Youth with a high physical activity level (PAL) spent 4 hours less in sedentary behavior than subjects with a medium or low PAL (F = 77.415 (2.70), p < .001) and had higher PAEE during leisure time sports (F = 9.135 (2.70), p < .001) and work‐related activities (F = 10.583 (2.70), p < .001) than youth with medium or low PAL values. CONCLUSIONS: Active transport and PE contribute significantly to PAEE during school hours in adolescents. To achieve an increase in total PAEE in the least active group of adolescents, promising strategies might be to reduce inactive behavior, increase participation in leisure time sports, and possibly to replace inactive for active jobs.     

中国慢性病前瞻性研究: 10 个项目地区成人体力活动和休闲静坐时间特征差异的分析

目的 描述中国慢性病前瞻性研究(CKB)10个项目点健康人群体力活动和静坐行为特征的地区差异。方法 剔除自报患有冠心病、卒中和肿瘤等慢性疾病的个体后, 研究分析10个项目地区中486 514名30~79岁队列成员体力活动和每周休闲静坐时间的基线信息, 重点描述地区差异。结果 男性总体力活动水平(22.9 MET-h/d)高于女性(20.6 MET-h/d), 休闲静坐时间(3.1 h/d)多于女性(2.9 h/d)。浙江项目点个体每天总体力活动水平最高(男31.3 MET-h/d, 女 30.2 MET-h/d)且静坐时间最少(男2.0 h/d, 女 1.6 h/d)。工作相关活动所占比例, 男性以浙江(86.5%)和河南(85.2%)项目点最高, 海口(69.4%)最低;女性以浙江(74.8%)最高, 河南(40.9%)最低。甘肃项目点(男17.8%, 女18.1%)交通活动所占比例明显高于其他地区。家务活动所占比例, 男性以湖南项目点(18.0%)最高, 女性以河南(54.0%)和湖南(39.1%)最高。城市项目点的休闲相关活动所占比例高于农村, 其中柳州(男9.5%, 女10.4%)最高。甘肃(男36.8%, 女29.8%)、四川(男34.1%, 女33.8%)和浙江(男20.0%, 女19.2%)3个农村项目点的高强度活动所占比例明显高于其他项目点。结论 CKB 10个项目地区的研究人群在总体力活动水平、活动类型、活动强度和休闲静坐时间等特征上存在明显的地区差异。     

Relación entre la actividad física en el tiempo libre y la progresión del índice tobillo-brazo

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between physical activity during leisure time and progression of ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the Spanish general population.MethodProspective, multicentre cohort study with 1941 subjects over 49 years of age, free of peripheral arterial disease at the time of recruitment of the cohort, were studied. Physical activity during leisure time variable was obtained using the VREM questionnaire. Peripheral arterial disease was considered to be an ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.9. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent association between physical activity during leisure time and ABI.ResultsThe mean age was 63.4 years and 54.6% were women. In the multivariate analysis, there was a positive relationship between physical activity during leisure time and ABI in patients with an energy consumption of more than 5000 MET in 14 days (odds ratio: 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.18-0.80). These specific activities doing sports or dancing, going shopping on foot, and cleaning the house for more than an hour a day showed a protective effect. In the group of subjects who maintained the physical activity during leisure time during the time of the research, a protective effect was observed with overall physical activity (MET) and going shopping on foot.ConclusionsIn our research, PALT was favorably associated with ABI, in a sample of the Spanish general population that is very active and has a low-cardiovascular risk.     

中国成年人体力活动与肌肉重量、力量及质量的相关性分析

目的探索我国成年人体力活动、休闲静坐时间与低肌肉重量、力量和质量的关系。方法利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究(CKB)项目的第二次重复调查, 采用logistic回归分析体力活动水平、休闲静坐时间与低四肢肌肉重量指数(ASMI)、低全身肌肉重量指数(TSMI)、低肌肉力量和低肌肉质量(AMQ)的相关性。结果研究纳入24 245名研究对象, 体力活动水平为(18.3±13.8)MET-h/d, 休闲静坐时间为(4.4±1.9)h。以体力活动最低组为参照组, 高水平的体力活动与较低的低ASMI、低TSMI、低手握力和低AMQ有关, 对应的OR值(95%CI)分别为0.68(0.60～0.77)、0.66(0.58～0.75)、0.82(0.72～0.94)和0.84(0.74～0.95)。工作、交通、家务和休闲相关体力活动亚型亦与上述指标呈现不同程度的负相关。与休闲静坐时间最短组相比, 静坐时间最长组低TSMI的危险性增加(OR=1.13, 95%CI:0.99～1.30)。结论体力活动与低肌肉重量、力量和质量呈负相关, 而休闲静坐时间与低肌肉重量呈正相关。     

Physical activity and risk of colon cancer in a cohort of Danish middle-aged men and women

Objective To investigate the effects of occupational activity and leisure time activity on incident colon cancer risk in a Danish middle-aged population. Methods In the cohort, Diet, Cancer and Health, which included 28,356 women and 26,122 men aged 50–64 years at baseline, 140 women and 157 men were diagnosed with colon cancer from 1993 to 2003. The associations between occupational and leisure time activity in terms of a MET-score and the single activities, sports, cycling, walking, gardening, housework and do-it-yourself work, and incident colon cancer were investigated. Leisure time activity was investigated in two ways using the Cox proportional hazards model: by comparison of active versus non-active and by investigating a possible dose–response relationship while allowing a separate association for non-active individuals. Results No associations were found between risk of colon cancer and occupational activity, MET-hours per week of total leisure time activity, residuals from a regression of each activity on the total MET-hours or the time spent on any of the six types of leisure time activities. However, a borderline significant association was found with the number of activities in which the participants were active. For each additional activity IRR = 0.87 (0.76–1.00) for women and IRR = 0.88 (0.78–1.00) for men. Conclusion Our data do not support the evidence of an inverse association between colon cancer risk and occupational activity or leisure time activity, but avoiding a sedentary lifestyle by participating in different activities may reduce colon cancer risk.     

Breaking tradition: Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time of children with developmental disabilities

BackgroundChildren with developmental disabilities (DD) are less active and more sedentary than their typically developing peers. There is a lack of research exploring strategies to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time in children with DD.Objective/HypothesisThe purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time of children with DD attending a summer day camp in modified versus traditional physical activity sessions. It was hypothesized that youth with DD would spend a greater amount of time in MVPA and less time sedentary during modified compared to traditional activity sessions.MethodsFifty-two children (mean age 11.5 years, 84% male, 81% non-Hispanic white, 90% DD diagnosis) attending a specialized summer day camp participated in counterbalanced physical activity sessions for 8 weeks receiving either games/activities in their ‘traditional’ manner versus a modified approach. The modified approach incorporated a physical activity promotion strategy with a social narrative. Repeated measures mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate accelerometer-derived MVPA and sedentary time.ResultsChildren increased the percent of time spent in MVPA and reduced sedentary time in 3 out of the 4 modified physical activities compared to traditional activity physical sessions across (p < 0.05). Modified soccer and kickball presented the highest increase in MVPA (5.9, 95%CI: 2.9, 8.8%) and reduction in sedentary time (−8.9, 95%CI: −13.9, −4.0%), respectively.ConclusionModifying existing physical activities by combining a physical activity-promoting strategy with a social narrative is a promising approach to increase MVPA and reduce sedentary time in children with DD.     

Depressive symptoms are associated with dietary intake but not physical activity among overweight and obese women from disadvantaged neighborhoods

Evidence suggests that depressive symptoms are associated with poorer dietary intake and inadequate physical activity; however, this association has not been examined in lower-income overweight and obese African American women. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between depressive symptoms and diet and physical activity in 196 women (87% African American; age, 25-51 years). Higher depressive symptoms were hypothesized to predict poorer diet quality, greater emotional eating, lower physical activity levels, and greater sedentary time. Depressive symptoms were measured using the validated short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Dietary intake and quality were assessed using three 24-hour dietary recalls. Emotional eating was evaluated using 4 items from the emotional eating subscale of the Eating Behavior Patterns Questionnaire. Physical activity and sedentary time were objectively measured using the ActiGraph accelerometer. Linear regression models tested the associations between depressive symptoms and each dietary and physical activity outcome variable. Symptoms of depression were positively associated with total daily caloric intake from saturated fat and total sugars, as well as emotional eating scores (P < .05). Although not statistically significant, depressive symptoms were positively associated with sweetened beverage consumption (P = .06) and added sugars (P = .07). Depressive symptoms were not associated with total fat, sodium, fruit and vegetables, fast food consumption, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or sedentary time. Future studies should explore the mechanisms linking the identified associations between depressive symptoms and dietary intake, such as the role of emotional eating.     

Occupational and leisure-time physical activity and workload among construction workers – a randomized control study

Background: There is a lack of quantification of occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) among construction workers.

Objectives: To describe physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), physical workload, and the effect of a PA-intervention among construction workers.

Methods: Sixty-seven Construction workers self-reported their physical activity (PA), had PA assessed directly (PAEE), and observed OPA using the tool “Posture, Activity, Tools and Handling.” The PA-intervention (Intervention; n = 29, Controls; n = 24) included 3x20-min training/week for 12 weeks.

Results: Baseline median OPA was 5036 MET-min/week and LTPA 2842 MET-min/week, p < 0.01. OPA directly recorded was (mean ± SE): 56.6 ± 3.2 J/kg/min and LTPA was: 35.7 ± 2.2 J/kg/min (p < 0.001). Manual material handling was performed for ≥ 25% of working time by more than 50% of the participants. Post-intervention, the training group reduced overall PAEE compared to the control group but not specifically during work.

Conclusions: OPA was within the maximum recommended level of 1/3 proposed in consensus guidelines but did not decrease with PA-intervention.     

Reproducibility of a questionnaire for assessment of present and past physical activities

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of a self-administered questionnaire about present and past physical activities at work and during leisure time. Methods and design: The questionnaire, covering the period 1970–1993, comprised 12 questions on physical activities at work, and 12, with similar wording, for such activities in leisure time. There were also four questions on physical training. Two-week reproducibility (test-retest reliability) concerning the period 1970–1993 was analysed in a group of 44 subjects, and 1-year reproducibility, concerning current activities in 1993, was analysed in a second group of 123 subjects in relation to gender, age and low-back health. Results: Test-retest reliability calculated as intraclass correlation coefficients (r _i) for physical activities at work (r _i 0.41–0.98) exceeded that for leisure time and physical training activities (r _i 0.33–0.68). Calculated correlations did not differ markedly between past and present activities. No distinct influence of gender or low back health on 1-year reproducibility was found, in contrast to a slight tendency towards higher reproducibility among subjects of 50 years and older compared with younger subjects. Conclusions: Reproducibility of this questionnaire about physical activities at work showed no clear tendency to deteriorate regarding activities during the immediately preceding two decades. The questions about physical activities during leisure time have to be revised. Reliable retrospective information about physical activities in leisure time could perhaps not be collected by self-administered questionnaires and other methods, e.g. interview-based questionnaires, may be more suitable. Received: 19 September 1996 / Accepted: 3 January 1997     

Physical activity and vascular comorbidity in Black and White persons with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundPhysical activity and sedentary behavior have been associated with vascular comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the associations have not been thoroughly investigated in MS subpopulations as a function of race.ObjectivesThis study examined if physical activity levels/sedentary time and vascular comorbidity differed between Black and White persons with MS, and further examined the associations between the variables within the two MS subpopulations.MethodsParticipants (n = 208) completed the comorbidity questionnaire in MS and wore accelerometers for seven days as a device-measure of physical activity levels/sedentary time. We examined the effect of race on physical activity levels/sedentary time and vascular comorbidity, controlling for covariates, using ANCOVA. We further performed bivariate correlations among variables in Black and White persons with MS separately.ResultsOnly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly different between Black and White persons with MS, even after controlling for age, disease duration, marital status, education level, and income [F(1,177) = 9.01, p = .003, d = 0.16]. There was only a significant and moderate association between MVPA and vascular comorbidity in White persons with MS (r = ?0.33).ConclusionsThe findings indicate that MVPA is higher in White than Black persons with MS, and that more MVPA was associated with lower vascular comorbidity in White persons with MS. Physical activity behavior might be a potential target for managing vascular comorbidity in White persons with MS.     

Physical activity and bone mineral density in Italian middle-aged women

Osteoporosis is a major health issue in postmenopausal women on account of the association between low bone mineral density and fractures. A role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of low bone mineral density is possible but still unclear. The relationship between low spine bone mineral density measured by means of dual photon absorptiometry at lumbar spines, and levels of past and recent physical activity has been assessed by means of a population-based screening study carried out on 1373 women (age 40–64 years) in the North-East of Italy. Physical activity at work and in leisure time was investigated for three specific periods of life: at age 12, between 15 and 19 years (during bone formative years), and in the recent years prior to the interview (30–39 or 50–59 years). Data were analysed comparing low versus high bone mineral density tertile (i.e., 458 and 461 women, respectively), after controlling for other known contributory factors in the development of osteoporosis. A positive association emerged with leisure time physical activity, with significant trends at age 15–19 (odds ratio (OR) for low versus high tertile of leisure time activity: 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–2.4) and at most recent age (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6). Risk trends with occupational physical activity were less clear and non-statistically significant. The present Southern European cross-sectional study lends further support to the possibility that past and recent physical activity helps increasing bone mineral density in middle-aged women. Although the most beneficial type and intensity level of exercise has yet to be determined, the present results provide further evidence that participation in even moderate exercise programs should be encouraged.     

The relationships between indicators of physical activity, indicators of sedentary behaviour and adiposity in French adults: the FLVS II study

Increasing habitual physical activity and decreasing sedentary behaviour have both been identified as targets for the prevention of unhealthy weight gain and obesity. To improve health monitoring in the context of nutrition-related disease prevention, there is a need to better define relevant indicators of sedentary behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between indicators of physical activity, indicators of sedentary behaviour and body fat in French adults. We analysed cross-sectional data from a community-based survey in northern France (213 men, age: 44±5 years; 192 women, age: 42±4 years; mean±SD). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour during the past year were assessed using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. Indicators of physical activity were leisure-time and occupational physical activity, indicators of sedentary behaviour during leisure were reading and “screen viewing” (including time spent watching television/video, playing video games, and using a computer). Body-fat percentage was assessed using bio-impedance analysis. In univariate analysis (Spearman rank correlations), reading and screen viewing were not significantly correlated; reading was positively associated with leisure-time physical activity in women and negatively associated with occupational physical activity in men. In multivariate analyses (stepforward regression models) stratified by gender and educational level, independent predictors of percent body fat included, in women, screen viewing (positive association), occupational physical activity (positive association) and leisure-time activity (negative association), but not reading; in men, only reading was associated with percent body fat, with a negative relationship in those with a high educational level. Relationships between indicators of sedentary lifestyle and body fat differ according to gender and type of sedentary pasttime. The data emphasise that sedentary lifestyle represents a complex set of behaviours and that various sedentary behviours may have distinct effects with regard to health outcomes. These results point out the need to assess selected indicators of sedentary behaviour when considering health monitoring in public health nutrition.     

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated factors in the Quebec working population

Background: While the determinants of musculoskeletal pain are numerous, few studies conducted among workers have taken into account, altogether, physical factors, psychosocial factors (personal and work-related) and individual characteristics. Objectives: To estimate the 1-year prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the Quebec working population by gender and anatomical site, and to determine which factors are associated with these prevalence figures. Methods: Data came from the 1998 Quebec Health Survey and included 9,496 individuals. One-year period prevalences for neck pain, back pain and pain in the upper and lower extremities were calculated for men and women. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between individual, physical and psychosocial work factors, on one hand, and musculoskeletal pain in the four body regions, on the other hand. Results: For both genders back pain was the most frequent musculoskeletal symptom that had disturbed their activities during the past year. The largest difference between genders was observed for neck pain (women: 18%; men: 11%). Multivariate analyses indicated that physical and psychosocial work factors, as well as psychological variables, were associated with musculoskeletal pain in different body regions. Body mass index was associated only with pain in lower extremities for both genders. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at reducing musculoskeletal pain should take into account personal and work-related psychosocial variables, in addition to physical workload.     

Examining the feasibility,acceptability, validity and reliability of physical activity,sedentary behaviour and sleep measures in people with schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with a more than doubled risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk factors for CVD include low levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep problems. These risk factors are not systematically assessed by health services.AimsExamine the feasibility, acceptability, validity and reliability of tools measuring physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep.MethodsThirty participants with schizophrenia measured their physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep by wearing ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers on their wrist and waist, and recorded their sleep using the SleepBot smartphone app for 7 days. After 7 days they completed the 5-item Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) to retrospectively measure their physical activity and sedentary behaviour over the study period. Concurrent SIMPAQ and SleepBot validity and inter-rater reliability were assessed against accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. A qualitative interview was conducted at the end of the study to assess acceptability.ResultsThe tools were feasible: 93% of participants provided valid wear-time accelerometry data and 83% provided SleepBot data. The SIMPAQ showed moderate concurrent validity but poor agreement for moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and moderate validity and agreement as a measure of sedentary behaviour. The SleepBot app showed poor concurrent validity and agreement for measures of sleep. The qualitative interviews demonstrated the tools were acceptable.ConclusionMonitoring physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep by accelerometry, smartphone and questionnaire was feasible and acceptable to people with schizophrenia. The SIMPAQ could be a valid and appropriate tool for routine clinical use.     

The Health Indicators Associated With Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior Among Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review

PurposeEvidence suggests sitting time is independently associated with a range of health issues in adults, yet the relationship between sedentary behavior and health indicators in young people is less clear. Age-related increases in sedentary behavior are well-documented; the behavioral patterns of adolescent girls are of particular concern. More than one third of adolescent girls’ sedentary behavior time is accumulated through use of recreational screen-based behaviors. The objective of this review was to investigate the association between recreational screen-based sedentary behavior and the physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health indicators for adolescent girls. A secondary objective was to identify studies that have adjusted sedentary behavior indicators for physical activity.MethodsA structured electronic search of all publication years (through December 2011) was conducted to identify studies in: CINAHL, Communications and Mass Media Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE with Full Text, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus with Full Text. Included publications were observational and interventional studies involving adolescent girls (12–18 years) that examined associations between screen-based, sedentary behavior and health indicators (physical, psychosocial, and/or behavioral). The search identified 33 studies that evaluated health indicators of screen-based sedentary behaviors among adolescent girls.ResultsStrong evidence for a positive association between screen-based sedentary behavior and weight status was found. A positive association was observed between screen-time and sleep problems, musculoskeletal pain and depression. Negative associations were identified between screen time and physical activity/fitness, screen time and psychological well-being, and screen time and social support. The relationship between screen-based sedentary behavior and diet quality was inconclusive. Less than half of the studies adjusted sedentary behavior indicators for physical activity.ConclusionsScreen-based sedentary behavior is associated with a range of adverse health consequences, but additional longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the health impacts. In addition, screen-time guidelines for youth should be regularly revised and updated to reflect rapid technological changes.     

Social influences and low leisure-time physical activity in young Danish adults.

BACKGROUND: Many youths and adults maintain a sedentary life style and a better understanding of the factors which influence physical activity is needed. This study analyses the association between social factors and low leisure-time physical activity in young adults. METHODS: Three hundred and seventeen children aged 6-18 years participated in a health survey in 1979 and again 13 years later. In this cohort the influence of family factors during childhood on the subsequent risk of low leisure-time activity was analysed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Young women were significantly less physically active during leisure time if over 25 years of age, poorly educated and smokers. In multivariate analysis, childhood smoking was the only variable significantly related to low leisure-time physical activity (OR = 5.6 and 95% CI: 1.4-23.6) in young women. In young men, low leisure-time physical activity was associated with parental work activity. Men whose parents had reported high physical activity during work at the examination in 1976-1978 were less often physically inactive during leisure time (OR = 0.2 and 95% CI: 0.1-0.6) at the follow-up in 1992. CONCLUSIONS: Young smoking girls seem to be a key group in the prevention of both smoking and a sedentary life style.     

孕期妇女体力活动变化对抑郁影响的队列研究

目的 探究孕妇在孕早-中期体力活动变化对孕中期抑郁的影响。方法 依托中国孕产妇队列研究·协和项目（2017年7月25日至2018年11月26日）,将有效完成孕早、中期体力活动和抑郁情况调查的2 454名孕妇纳入研究。采用国际体力活动短问卷和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表,调查研究对象孕早期和孕中期的体力活动和抑郁情况。以孕早期是否患有抑郁作分组。采用非条件logistic回归分析孕早期不患抑郁组的孕早、中期体力活动变化对预防孕中期抑郁的作用,在孕早期抑郁组中分析孕早、中期体力活动变化对减缓孕中期抑郁的作用。结果 孕妇基线和孕中期抑郁的检出率分别为23.83%和20.57%。调整年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭年收入和孕前BMI等因素后,logistic回归结果显示,对于基线不抑郁的孕妇,孕期增加和保持充足的体力活动能够预防孕中期抑郁（OR=0.479,95% CI：0.335～0.684;OR=0.566,95% CI：0.394～0.815）,但对于基线抑郁的孕妇,体力活动与减缓孕中期抑郁的相关性差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 孕期妇女增加和保持充足的体力活动对于抑郁有预防的作用,但对于孕早期已患抑郁的妇女来说,缓解效果不明显。应在鼓励孕妇加强体力活动的同时,开展抑郁筛查,以减少孕期抑郁的发生。     

The relationship between community participation and physical activity among individuals with serious mental illnesses

IntroductionThe importance of physical activity (PA) and health outcomes for individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI) has been well documented. It is also established that individuals with SMI engage in high amounts of sedentary behavior and low amounts of physical activity, which contributes to poor health outcomes. This study explores the relationship between community participation, physical activity, and sedentary behavior among individuals with SMI.MethodsThis study used a sample of individuals with SMI who were receiving community mental health services in a large urban area of the United States. Of the 526 individuals approached, 308 were interested in the study; 173 consented and completed data collection. This study reports on 152 participants who had complete data. Using the Temple University Community Participation Scale, participants reported on community-based activities completed independently in the previous 30 days. Additionally, participants were asked to wear a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X) on the non-dominant wrist for seven days. The total number of community participation days was correlated with PA variables including steps, sedentary, light, and moderate-vigorous PA. Two groups of step data were analyzed using t-tests: ≥7500 steps, and ≥10,000 steps. Logistic regressions were run to examine the relationship between amount, breadth and sufficiency of community participation and having ± 7500 steps and ± 10,000 daily steps, controlling for age, gender, and income.ResultsAmount of community participation was inversely associated with the % of time in sedentary activity and positively associated with the % of time in moderate to vigorous PA. Those with at or more than 7500 steps and 10,000 steps reported significantly more days of community participation.ConclusionThis study highlights the contribution of everyday activities for increased physical activity and reduced time spent in sedentary activity. Practitioners should consider recommendations for engagement in the community to increase opportunities for walking.