胰腺囊性肿瘤及肿瘤样病变CT诊断及鉴别

目的 探讨胰腺不同性质囊性病变的CT表现特点。方法 回顾性分析、横向对比32例胰腺常见不同性质囊性病变CT特点。所有病例均经CT平扫,23例于平扫后行增强扫描。所有病例经手术病理或随访证实。结果 胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤5例,粘液性囊腺瘤3例,囊腺癌3例,1例胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤,2例胰腺真性囊肿,18例假性囊肿。结论 真性或假性囊肿结合病史,诊断不难;而浆液或粘液囊腺瘤与囊腺癌容易相互误诊,应仔细分析其CT表现特点。     

Enteric cyst of the pancreas

Enteric duplication cysts (enterogenous cysts) are found most commonly in the distal ileum, the posterior mediastinum, and the third part of the duodenum. Rarely, enteric cysts can occur distant from the gut. This paper describes the clinical and radiologic features of a cystic lesion in the body of the pancreas which was shown on resection to be an enteric cyst.     

Lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas: CT and sonographic findings

Two cases of rare lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) of the pancreas are presented. Although the histogenesis of this lesion is not known, it can be histologically differentiated from other pancreatic and retropancreatic cysts. The importance of its recognition is in the distinction from cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. Received: 24 October 1996/Accepted: 27 November 1996     

Primary hydatid disease of the pancreas

A case of primary hydatid disease of the pancreas is presented in a patient operated on for an adrenal mass. Computed tomographic findings, such as rounded cystic lesion with curvilinear calcification, may allow the diagnosis to be made in the appropriate clinical setting. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery.     

Isolated ventral pancreatitis in an alcoholic with pancreas divisum

An alcoholic with no history of clinical pancreatitis was found to have pancreas divisum and marked changes of chronic pancreatitis isolated to the ventral pancreas. Pancreas divisum has been suggested to cause recurrent pancreatitis in some patients. Gross and histologic changes of pancreatitis in only the dorsal pancreas of surgically resected specimens from patients with pancreas divisum is thought to support the concept that obstruction at the minor papilla produces dorsal pancreatitis. Alternative explanations for the occurrence of segmental pancreatitis and the possible synergistic role of ethanol and bile are reviewed.     

Asymptomatic nonspecific serum hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia: spectrum of MRCP findings and clinical implications

We assessed the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic (MRCP) findings in patients with asymptomatic, mild elevations of serum amylase and lipase levels to determine whether there might be a pathoanatomic cause for these laboratory abnormalities. MRCP was performed in 633 consecutive patients. Of these, 54 (8.5%) images were obtained in patients with asymptomatic serum hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia. MRCP was performed on a 1.0-T MR system; breath-hold gradient-recall, half-Fourier acquisition, and rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement sequences were obtained. Findings were verified by follow-up, biopsy, or surgery. One-sided, large-sample z tests were used to compare the incidence of abnormalities between the study and control groups (579 patients). The pancreas appeared abnormal on MRCP in 31 patients (57%), including the pancreas divisum in 10 patients (18.5%). Other findings included morphologic changes compatible with chronic pancreatitis in nine patients (16.6%) and a healed pancreatic laceration, juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum, papillary sclerosis, intraductal pancreatic lithiasis, and hemochromatosis in one patient each (1.9%). Small cystic lesions (< 1 cm) within the pancreas were seen in 15 patients (27.8%). In eight patients, these were associated with other abnormalities (pancreas divisum in three patients, chronic pancreatitis in four, and pancreatic laceration in one). No malignancy was diagnosed. The incidences of normal examination (p = 0.01), pancreas divisum (p < 0.005), and a small cystic lesion (p = 0.01) as solitary findings in this subgroup of patients were significantly higher when compared with the remainder of the studied population. Investigation of asymptomatic patients with nonspecific hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia by means of MRCP yielded pancreatic findings in more than 50% of these patients. Pancreas divisum was found more often than expected in the general population.     

Macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: case report

We report a case of macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas. The lesion consisted of a large main cyst and several small cysts, and each cyst showed high intensity on T1-weighted and very high intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. High-intensity cyst contents may be a characteristic, if not a specific, finding of macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas. Received: 24 April 2000/Accepted: 31 May 2000     

Macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas:CT and endosonographic features

Recently, the term ``serous cystadenoma' has been adopted in the pathological community to qualify the so-called microcystic adenoma of the pancreas. This change in terminology was based on the emergence of a new type of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas, i.e., the macrocystic variant. We report one case of pathologically proven macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas for which the diagnosis of mucinous cystadenoma was suggested preoperatively. This rare but benign macrocystic variant exhibits radiological features similar to those of mucinous cystadenoma. In addition, inflammatory changes and foci of hemorrhage within the tumor may simulate mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. RID="ID="<e5>Correspondence to:</e5> P. Soyer Received: 25 August 1997/Accepted: 8 October 1997     

Metastasis to the esophagus

Tumor metastatic to the esophagus is a rare lesion. Two cases, primary in pancreas and rectum, are described. There are no distinguishing radiologic features.     

Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas: case report with special reference to imaging—pathologic correlation

We report a case of resected lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas with special reference to the imaging–pathologic correlation. Visualization of a multilocular cystic nature with internal heterogeneous hyperechogenicity on ultrasound, hyperdensity on precontrast computed tomography, and granular hypointensity on T2-weighted image due to abundant internal keratin substances were considered to be keys to the differential diagnosis from other cystic lesions of the pancreas.     

Pancreatic transplants: secretin-stimulated MR pancreatography

Background

Our study was aimed to evaluate the functional status of pancreatic transplants using dynamic MR pancreatography after secretin stimulation.

Methods

Thirteen asymptomatic patients previously submitted to isolated pancreas (n = 6) or combined kidney–pancreas (n = 7) transplantation, with enteric-portal pancreatic drainage, underwent MR examination at 1.5 T using a phased-array coil. After the acquisition of axial and coronal T1- and T2-weighted sequences, dynamic MR pancreatography was performed using a coronal breath-hold, thick-slab (40–60 mm), single-shot T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence. After the intravenous administration of secretin (Secrelux^®, Sanochemia; 1 cU/kg body/weight), a single-slice image acquisition was repeated every 30 s up to 15 min. We estimated the calibre changes of the pancreatic ductal system and the filling of the donor’s duodenum on the basis of pancreatic secretion after secretin stimulation, also evaluated by using a mean signal intensity/time histogram in a chosen region of interest including the transplanted pancreas and the connected small bowel.

Results

All patients well tolerated the examination, and no side effects were reported after secretin administration. In 12/13 cases, a significant increase (more than 1 mm) in the diameter of the mean pancreatic duct was observed after secretin stimulation; in all patients, a noticeable filling of the duodenal graft was demonstrated during dynamic MR pancreatography on both qualitative and quantitative analyses.

Conclusions

Dynamic MR imaging after secretin administration allows non-invasive evaluation of exocrine function of the pancreatic transplants and could be used to differentiate patients with graft rejection from those with normal graft function.

     

Agenesis and pseudo-agenesis of the dorsal pancreas

Agenesis of the dorsal pancreatic anlage is a very unusual congenital anomaly. The case reported appears to be accompanied by hypertrophy of the ventral gland. Atrophy of the pancreas following an episode of acute pancreatitis is also very unusual. When the atrophy spares the uncinate process, it may also resemble agenesis of the dorsal gland.     

酒精性胰腺损害患者的超声表现及分析

目的探讨酒精性胰腺损害患者的超声表现,为临床提供诊断依据。方法对480例酗酒者进行胰腺超声检查,发现胰腺结构改变患者的163例,按酗酒时间长短将其分为短期酗酒组35例和长期酗酒组128例,对比分析两组胰腺结构,并根据酗酒时间、年龄、饮酒量对胰腺声像图的影响进行分析。结果长期酗酒组胰头、胰体及胰尾前后径均小于短期酗酒组(t=13.572,P=0.000;t=-10.010,P=0.001;t=-10.700,P=0.001);胰腺萎缩、回声增强与酗酒者年龄和酗酒时间高度相关(t=2.563,P=0.012;t=3.302,P=0.001)。结论超声检查对酒精性胰腺损害患者具有重要的诊断价值,可为临床诊治提供可靠依据。     

常规超声联合超声造影对胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤与黏液性囊性肿瘤的鉴别诊断

目的探讨常规超声及超声造影（CEUS）对胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤（serous cystic adenoma,SCA）和黏液性囊性肿瘤（mucinous cystic neoplasm,MCN）的鉴别诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析浙江省人民医院2016年6月至2020年12月经手术病理证实的86例胰腺SCA和MCN的一般临床资料及常规超声和CEUS影像资料,对其进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,并建立Logistic回归模型,绘制回归模型鉴别SCA与MCN的ROC曲线,评价常规超声及CEUS特征对SCA与MCN的鉴别诊断价值。 结果86例胰腺囊性肿瘤病例中SCA共58例,MCN共28例。单因素分析结果显示：SCA与MCN的性别、肿瘤生长部位、生长形态、临床症状、CEUS动脉期增强强度及强化模式比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）;2组的发病年龄、瘤体最大径、病灶内部囊腔是否≥6个、有无钙化及钙化在病灶内的分布情况、单个囊腔的最大径是否≥20 mm、囊壁厚度及均匀性、囊壁结节的有无及CEUS静脉期增强强度比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示：囊腔个数≥6个（OR=0.163,95%CI：0.047~0.561）、囊壁增厚或厚度不均（OR=9.388,95%CI：2.663~33.094）及单囊腔直径≥20 mm（OR=3.254,95%CI：1.037~10.213）是诊断MCN的独立危险因素,建立Logistic回归模型为：Logit（P）=-2.792-1.815X₃（囊腔个数）+2.239X₅（囊壁特征）+1.180X₆（单囊腔直径）,ROC曲线显示该回归模型鉴别SCA与MCN的曲线下面积为0.823（95％CI：0.734~0.913）。 结论胰腺SCA和MCN具有各自的超声影像学特征,应用常规超声及CEUS可以较好地对二者进行鉴别,为临床进一步治疗提供依据。     

Rapid water infusion: A technique in the ultrasonic discrimination of the gas-free stomach from a mass in the pancreatic tail

A technique of rapid water infusion into the stomach is described as an ultrasonic method to differentiate the gas-free stomach presenting as a solid mass from a mass in the tail of the pancreas. The infusion permits delineation of the tail of the pancreas as a discrete structure.     

Ultrasonic characteristics of pancreatic tumors

The ultrasonic features of 40 pancreatic tumors were analyzed. The tumors were categorized by texture, attenuation, shape, size, and location. Secondary effects of pancreatic duct visualization, biliary stasis, splenic vein involvement, metastases, and ascites were reviewed. Thirty of thirty-one adenocarcinomas had a similar ultrasonic texture consisting of a background of faint, low-level echoes with varying amounts of superimposed coarse echoes. Tumors are detectable prior to enlargement or distortion of the pancreas. Secondary features were present in 94% of the adenocarcinomas. Significant information regarding the possibility and complexity of resection can be provided.     

Age-related morphology of the normal pancreas on computed tomography

Abdominal computed tomographic scans were performed on a group of 360 patients between the ages of 20 and 80 years. The anteroposterior diameter of the pancreatic head, body, and tail, the age-related ratio of vertebral body-pancreas diameter, and the external and internal contours of the organ were analyzed. The age-related changes in the pancreas were compared with known anatomical findings.     

胰腺炎性假瘤的影像学表现3例报告并文献复习

目的　探讨胰腺炎性假瘤的影像学表现 ,以提高对其认识。方法　复习 3例胰腺炎性假瘤的超声、CT表现 ,并与病理结果进行对照研究。结果　B超均表现为边界清楚、内部呈不均匀低回声之球形病灶 ;CT平扫 1例为低等混杂密度 ,1例为均匀等密度 ,另 1例为囊性伴新近出血 ;增强后 2例相当于延迟期扫描 ,显示病变实质有轻及中度强化 ,另 1例囊性病灶之囊壁于静脉期及延迟期有轻度强化。结论　胰腺炎性假瘤的影像表现与肿块内纤维化和炎细胞浸润程度有关 ,但缺乏特征性。当胰腺内出现单发肿块性病变时 ,应将其列入鉴别诊断范畴。     

Ultrasonic scanning of the pancreas

The use of ultrasonic scanning in diagnosis of pancreatic disease is reviewed. A procedure for the examination of the pancreas with a compound scanning technique and the ultrasonic appearance of the normal and diseased pancreas is described. Diffuse or localized enlargement can be demonstrated and the latter be differentiated as to whether it is solid or cystic lesion. Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of solid lesions and percutaneous puncture of cysts can be performed with great accuracy under the guidance of ultrasound. Differential diagnosis and limitations in pancreatic scanning are discussed.     

Heterotopic pancreas of the stomach: CT findings correlated with pathologic findings in six patients

Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize the computed tomographic (CT) findings of heterotopic pancreas of the stomach. Methods: CT scans of six surgically proven cases of heterotopic pancreas of the stomach were reviewed. Three were dynamic spiral CT scans, with both arterial dominant and late phase scans. In other three, both unenhanced and contrast-enhanced scans were obtained by using conventional techniques. Particular attention was given to the enhancement of the heterotopic pancreas. Pathologic and surgical findings were correlated with CT findings. Results: The locations were in the gastric antrum in five cases and in the mid-body in one. Size ranged from 1 cm to 3 cm (mean = 2.1 cm). Three cases showed homogeneous, strong enhancement similar to the pancreas and consisted mainly of pancreatic acini with the same histologic features as the normal pancreas. Two cases showed poor enhancement and consisted mainly of ducts and hypertrophied muscle; pancreatic acini were a minor component. In one case appearing as a cystic lesion on CT, a pseudocyst was found with many ducts and some nests of pancreatic acini. Conclusions: Heterotopic pancreas of the stomach showed a diverse spectrum of CT findings. Good understanding of these CT findings may be helpful in making a correct diagnosis. Received: 24 March 1999/Accepted: 19 May 1999