核糖霉素高产菌株核苷链霉菌筛选

以核苷链霉菌09-15为出发菌株,采用氮离子束注入、甲基磺酸乙酯、紫外线诱变,耐抗生素的筛选等手段育种,以期获得高产菌株.测定了09-15菌对8种抗生素的敏感性,并讨论了菌株对自身代谢产物低耐受性的原因.比较了多种方法的诱变效应,氮离子束注入的诱变效应好,正变率高;紫外线正变率低.经过多种方法复合处理,获得St-150菌株,摇瓶发酵单位比亲株09-15提高20%,发酵液的杂质含量明显降低,并在20吨发酵罐得到验证.     

青霉素高产菌株的选育

采用紫外线与2-去氧-D-葡萄糖复合诱变的方法,选育霉素高产菌株,使发酵效价与总产量分别提高了12.2%和10.9%。     

西罗莫司高产突变株FC904-33

西罗莫司是吸水链霉菌FC904产生的新型强效免疫抑制剂。为了获得高产西罗莫司突变株,采用UV、硝苯胍和甲基磺酸乙酯诱变剂诱变处理吸水链霉菌FC904的孢子悬液和发芽孢子,随后用西罗莫司对存活菌株进行自身代谢产物的耐受性试验,获得西罗莫司高产突变株FC904-33,其生物合成能力是原出发菌株的4.6倍。本文报道该突变株的培养特征、对抗生素的敏感性、西罗莫司生产能力和副产物等。     

原生质体再生与诱变在硫霉素产生菌选育中的应用

以硫霉素产生菌卡特利链霉菌３５８（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｃａｔｌｅｙａ３５８）为原始菌株,用原生质体形成与再生结合物理、化学诱变的方法进行菌种选育。在最适条件下原生质体释放浓度和再生率分别为１．６×１０９／ｍｌ和２９．５％。原生质体再生处理后,硫霉素产量变异向正方向移动,筛选到１株ＰＲ－１１７,相对效价提高６０％。分别以菌株ＰＲ－１１７的孢子和原生质体进行紫外线及亚硫酸氢钠诱变,原生质体对诱变剂的敏感性强于孢子,致死率增加,效价分布更分散。原生质体与孢子紫外线诱变正变率分别为１６．５％和９％,亚硫酸氢钠诱变的正变率都为４％。从原生质体紫外线诱变株中筛选到１株ＰＲｕ－３３６,相对效价比原始菌株提高９０％。     

中生菌素耐自生产物突变株的选育

以中生菌素产生菌淡紫灰链霉菌海南变种UV-69自然分离获得的A3为出发菌株,经过5h培养制备和紫外诱变60s处理后,利用其自生代谢产物,筛选耐自生产物突变株,获得突变株NV-36,其摇瓶发酵效价比出发菌株提高20%。传代试验表明,该突变株的高产性能遗传特性较稳定。在20吨发酵罐上连续5批验证,平均发酵效价比原生产水平提高35%。     

糖代谢关键酶活性对林可霉生物合成影响的研究

研究了林可霉素糖代谢的关键酶,己糖激酶、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、磷酸果糖激酶和异柠檬酸脱氢酶,以及它们在发酵过程中的活性变化与菌体代谢的变化规律,比较了菌株W11-2和S-41在发酵过程中酶活性的变化趋势,进一步阐明了林可霉素合成和糖代谢关键酶活性的关系。研究表明在发酵的生长阶段,提高糖代谢GK、PFK、G6PDH的活性有利于菌体生长;己糖激酶、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的活性和林可霉素合成有正相关性。在林可霉素合成期提高HMP途径的代谢流量,减少EMP途径的代谢流量有利于林可霉素的合成,该研究为发酵工艺的调控和菌种代谢工程的改造提供依据。     

他克莫司高产菌株的理性化选育

目的 理性化选育他克莫司高产菌株.方法应用化学和物理诱变剂对他克莫司产生菌进行菌种诱变,并利用特定的选择剂即莽草酸和哌可酸及其相应的结构类似物作为选择压力筛选突变株.然后对特定的正突变株进行他克莫司生物合成的营养学研究.结果与结论 获得一株高产突变株6H-23-7,它的他克莫司相对发酵效价比出发菌株弗氏链霉菌类群Str...     

单组分妥布霉素产生菌的选育

目的 提高妥布霉素产生菌的发酵单位。方法 以黑暗链霉菌UVS－51为出发菌株，采用UV和NTG为诱变剂，结合耐受妥布霉素，运用固体循环诱变筛选高产菌株。结果 获得两株高产稳定变株NS－81和NT－26，这两株菌的授瓶发酵效价分别比出发菌株提高53％和77％。经薄层层析检验，该两变株的产物仍为单一的氨甲酰妥布霉素。结论 出发菌株经UV和NTG诱变处理后结合耐自身代谢物的驯育，正变率显著提高。通过引入循环诱变筛选的思路，大大缩短的实验周期有交待 提高了诱变育种的工作效率，能在较短时间内选育到理想变株，因此，循环诱变筛选法是一种较好的选育方法。     

西罗莫司高产菌株与野生菌株中FKBP25的初步比较

目的　对比西罗莫司高产突变菌株———吸水链霉菌R2 7、R388、R4 4 1和野生菌株———吸水链霉菌ATCC 36 7817的蛋白质电泳图谱及FKBP2 5含量的差异 ,探讨FKBP2 5与西罗莫司产量的可能关系。方法　制备、分离高产突变株与野生菌株的菌体蛋白质并进行PPIase活性测定 ,比较 3株西罗莫司高产突变株与野生菌株的蛋白质电泳图谱及PPI ase酶活性。结果　西罗莫司低产的野生菌株的FKBP2 5含量比西罗莫司高产突变菌株高。结论　初步认为在吸水链霉菌中西罗莫司的产量与FKBP2 5量的多寡呈现一定的相关性     

龟裂链霉菌工业菌中zwf1基因的阻断对土霉素生物合成影响

目的运用代谢工程手段对龟裂链霉菌工业菌(Industrial Streptomyces rimosus,SRI)进行基因改造,提高土霉素(oxytetracycline,OTC)产量。方法利用pKC1139质粒阻断SRI基因组中葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)编码基因zwf1。结果筛选得到一株OTC高产突变株,将突变株与原始菌株进行发酵,发现OTC产量比原始菌株提高了36.2%。结论 SRI基因组中zwf1基因的缺失使细胞合成土霉素的能力增强;龟裂链霉菌中初级代谢关键基因调控会影响次级代谢。     

普那霉素产生菌的推理选育

根据普那霉素的生物合成途径对普那霉索产生菌始旋链霉菌进行推理选育，原始出发菌株Streptomyces pristinaespiralis ATCC25486经过12次单菌落分离，其间经历5次UV诱变并分别筛选0．1％AA^r突变株、0．3％AA^r突变株、0．1％VH^r突变株、200u／ml KTM^R突变株、0．1％DOG^r突变株，获得了突变株S．pristinaespiralis 12-55，其生产能力较原始出发菌株S．pristinaespiralis ATCC25486提高了100倍，达到3000u／ml。传代试验表明普那霉素高产突变株S.pristinaespiralis 12-55的高产性能遗传特性稳定。     

复合诱变法选育普那霉素高产菌株

以始旋链霉菌(Streptomyces pristinaespiralis)ZP2为出发菌株,经紫外线(UV)、亚硝基胍(NTG)复合诱变,并结合普那霉素抗性突变株的理化筛选,选育到一株高产突变菌株UN2056,其普那霉素产量达到1490 mg/L,比出发菌株提高了45.7%.传代试验表明该高产突变菌株的高产性能遗传特性稳定.高产突变株UN2056在5 L发酵罐中进行发酵试验,其平均发酵产量达到1645 mg/L,比出发菌株提高了60.8%.     

红霉素链霉菌遗传控制的研究 一 红霉素链霉菌无活性突变株回复突变株的筛选

利用亚硝基胍(NTG)对红霉素链霉菌(S.erythreus UV 80)活性菌株进行回复突变,获得了红霉素高产量变株。先以NTG(100μg/ml,1小时)处理母株,得无活性变株,再经诱变,得到回复突变株,其活性提高8％。进一步用NTG(1000μg/ml,1小时)诱变处理,得到了比原菌株红霉素产量高25％的变株。诱变剂的最适剂量为产生90～94％死亡率的剂量。同时还观察到红霉素链霉菌变株的培养特征和生产能力之间有相关性。     

Pathogenecity of fosfomycin-resistant strains isolated from Escherichia coli

Two fosfomycin-resistant strains, FRC14 (parent strain, Escherichia coli [E.coli] c73-18) and FRK104 (parent strain, E. coli O124), were isolated from spleens before the bacterial disappearance, after inoculating the parent strains intraperitoneally into mice and treating them with a single oral dose of fosfomycin. The resistant strains were successfully isolated by a replica method from a mass of sensitive cells of respective parent. To elucidate the pathogenesis of the resistant strains, their characteristics were investigated. The MIC of fosfomycin for FRC14 was 25 micrograms/ml (4 times the MIC for the parent) and that for FRK104 was 100 micrograms/ml (8 times the MIC for the parent). The strain FRC14 showed a defective utilization of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P), but utilization of other carbohydrates was similar to that of the parent strain. Thus, the strain FRC14 seemed to be a glpT mutant. The strain FRK104 did not use variety of carbohydrates including G3P, but used glucose 6-phosphate. The utilization of G3P was recovered in the presence of cAMP. Thus, the strain FRK104 seemed to be a ptsI mutant. These resistant strains were diminished their killing activity for mice in comparison to that of the each parent strain when they were inoculated intraperitoneally. The cell number of FRC14 decreased or disappeared in blood and spleen in mice, while that of the parent increased. The strain FRK104 diminished its ability of producing keratoconjuctivitis in guinea pigs in comparison to that of the parent strain.     

红霉素链霉菌1—25菌株的特性研究

红霉素链霉菌14-74经一系列诱变筛选得到1-25菌株。本文报道1-25菌株培养特性,在摇瓶及生产罐中1-25菌株的生产能力比对照14-74菌株提高7％以上。发酵液中红霉素C的含量等于或小于对照菌株。高产的遗传性能稳定,对红霉素及丙醇的耐受力明显高于亲株,是一株优于14-74菌株的高产优质的抗反馈及抗阻遏的突变菌株。     

雄甾烯二酮转化菌的诱变育种

分别采用紫外光、YAG倍频脉冲激光、紫外光与倍频激光复合处理等方法，以不同剂量对雄甾烯二酮(1)转化菌进行诱变照射，同时对激光的修复作用、诱变效果进行探讨。结果表明，被照菌株产1能力有不同程度的提高。当菌株经紫外光照射后再以不同剂量YAG倍频激光照射，获得一株高产优质突变株L-3-195，产1能力提高了116％，且不再产生结构类似副产物雄甾二烯二酮，经4次传代，突变株遗传性状稳定。     

Strain improvement studies on production of cephalosporin C from Acremonium chrysogenum ATCC 48272

Strain development for antibiotic production has been an essential prerequistie for efficient production process. Studies were carried out to produce high antibiotic yield strain by using UV and N-methyl-N1-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) as mutagens. A superior mutant (PNTG-22) with a productivity of 2.4 time (810-1995 microg/ml higher than, the parent strain was produced.     

Pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of sirolimus in healthy male volunteers after a single oral dose

The pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of sirolimus (rapamycin, Rapamune), a macrocyclic immunosuppressive agent for the prevention of allograft rejection in organ transplantation, were investigated in 6 healthy male volunteers after a single nominal 40-mg oral dose of the C-radiolabeled drug, with the added aim of assessing the potential role of sirolimus metabolites in the clinical pharmacology of the parent drug. The absorption of parent drug and derived materials was rapid (tmax 1.3 +/- 0.5 hours, mean +/- SD), and the elimination of sirolimus was slow (t(1/2) 60 +/- 10 hours, mean +/- SD) in whole blood. The high whole blood to plasma (B/P) concentration ratio of sirolimus (142 +/- 39) was consistent with its extensive partitioning into formed blood elements. The markedly lower B/P value based on radioactivity (2.7 +/- 0.4) suggested that drug-derived products partitioned into formed blood elements to a much lesser extent. Based on AUC0-144h values, unchanged sirolimus represented an average 35% of total radioactivity in whole blood. Drug-derived products in whole blood were characterized by HPLC, LC/MS, and LC/MS/MS as 41-O-demethyl, 7-O-demethyl, and several hydroxy, dihydroxy, hydroxy-demethyl and didemethyl sirolimus metabolites. The percentage distribution of sirolimus metabolites in whole blood ranged from 3%-10% at 1 hour to 6%-17% at 24 hours after drug administration. Based on their low immunosuppressive activities and relative abundance in whole blood of humans after sirolimus administration, metabolites of sirolimus do not appear to play a major role in the clinical pharmacology of the parent drug. A majority of the administered radioactivity (91.0 +/- 8.0%) was recovered from feces, and only 2.2% +/- 0.9% was renally excreted.     

紫外诱变和终产物抗性筛选头孢菌素C高产菌株

目的建立筛选头孢菌素C高产菌株的有效方法。方法出发菌株Cephalosporium acrem onium NS-1,经过紫外线诱变处理,筛选头孢菌素C高产菌株;然后通过头孢菌素C梯度平板筛选终产物抗性突变菌株。结果得到比出发菌株头孢菌素C产量提高45%的突变菌株RM-8。结论紫外线诱变结合终产物抗性筛选的方法是一种高效的头孢菌素C高产菌株选育方法 。