非霍奇金淋巴瘤继发第二肿瘤的临床分析

目的：了解非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者继发第二肿瘤的临床特点及治疗情况。方法：收集我科2007年～2010年非霍奇金淋巴瘤住院患者并对其中继发第二恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。结果：4例患者继发第二恶性肿瘤（男2,女2）。结论：提高对非霍奇金淋巴瘤继发第二肿瘤的认识,争取早诊断、早治疗,从而提高远期疗效。     

原发性鼻腔淋巴瘤临床病理及CT征象分析

目的 分析原发性鼻部非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床病理与CT特点.方法 应用免疫组化方法和体层摄影术对36例原发性鼻部非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的临床病理及CT资料进行回顾性分析.结果 病理类型主要以NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(21例)为主,其次是T细胞淋巴瘤(非特异型)(8例)、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(4例)、浆细胞瘤(2例)和黏膜相关淋巴瘤(1例).患者早期症状不典型;CT图像表现为鼻腔软组织密度影,部分患者病灶周围出现骨质破坏或吸收,增强扫描呈轻中度均匀强化.结论 原发性鼻部非霍奇金淋巴瘤以NK/T细胞型为主,临床表现缺乏特异性;CT表现可以显示病变部位及周围关系,有助于病变分期,确诊仍然依靠病理.     

艾滋病合并恶性肿瘤9例临床分析

目的分析总结艾滋病（AIDS）合并恶性肿瘤的临床特点。方法回顾性分析临床资料。结果共分析9例AIDS合并恶性肿瘤病人的资料,非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）5例,占55.6%,其中弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤4例,占44.4%,Burkitt淋巴瘤1例;白血病2例;卡波西肉瘤1例;支气管肺癌1例。结论感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）后,易合并恶性肿瘤,以淋巴瘤多见,对肿瘤等疑似病人要动态检测HIV抗体,以尽早确诊和治疗。     

以腹部包块起病的恶性淋巴瘤35例临床研究

目的总结以腹部包块起病的恶性淋巴瘤患者的临床表现、病理及治疗反应等临床特点。方法对1998~2003年解放军总医院收治的35例以腹部包块起病的恶性淋巴瘤患者的病例及随访资料进行回顾性分析。随访时间16~96个月。结果男性患者占74·3%;以腹膜后淋巴结肿大最多(71·4%);非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)占91·4%(32/35),霍奇金病占8·6%(3/35);非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者中40~50岁发病占15/32(46·9%);NHL中B细胞来源非霍奇金淋巴瘤(B-NHL)比例65·6%(21/32),T细胞来源非霍奇金淋巴瘤(T-NHL)占28·1%(9/32),2例未分型占6·3%;3例霍奇金病患者中1例死于复发,非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者死亡9例,其中常规化疗组6例,移植组3例;起病时伴有肝功能异常及腹水的患者4例中2例死亡。结论以腹部包块起病的恶性淋巴瘤男性多见;B-NHL多见;临床表现以腹部症状为主,包块巨大、有腹水及肝功异常者预后差。     

原发性肝淋巴瘤1例

原发性肝淋巴瘤(PLL)临床罕见,发病率仅占肝脏恶性肿瘤的0.1%.2007年10月我院收治1例原发性肝脏非霍奇金结外边缘带B细胞淋巴瘤.现报告如下.     

程序性死亡蛋白-1单克隆抗体治疗艾滋病合并恶性肿瘤的可行性分析

目的探讨程序性死亡蛋白-1(programmed death-1, PD-1)抑制剂在艾滋病合并恶性肿瘤患者中的可行性、疗效和不良反应。方法纳入2020年9月至2021年8月于武汉大学中南医院使用PD-1单克隆抗体的艾滋病合并恶性肿瘤患者, 收集患者基本情况、实验室检查结果、CD4+T细胞计数、人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)载量。PD-1单克隆抗体持续用药直至疾病进展或出现不可耐受的毒性反应, 记录治疗期间患者的不良反应, 每12周评估1次疗效。在治疗后每周检测1次HIV载量, 连续4次, 随后每4周1次, 连续2次, 其后每12周1次动态监测。结果共10例患者纳入研究, 其中男7例, 女3例;霍奇金淋巴瘤3例, 宫颈癌和肝细胞癌各2例, 非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌和肛门癌各1例。治疗前4例患者CD4+T细胞计数为100～200/μL, 2例CD4+T细胞计数<100/μL。所有患者均至少完成3个周期PD-1单克隆抗体治疗, HIV载量均<20拷贝/mL。3例患者完全缓解, 3例患者部分缓解。7例患者发生皮肤毛细血管...     

以肝占位为首发表现的非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例

背景 淋巴瘤起源于淋巴结和淋巴组织,是最早发现的血液系统恶性肿瘤之一.病例简介 该病主要以淋巴结肿大及淋巴结外脏器受累为主要表现,同时合并发热、消瘦等全身症状表现.结论 现报道以肝占位为首发表现的非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例.     

甲状腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床分析

目的探讨甲状腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤的诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析深圳市三家市级医院2005~2016年手术治疗的甲状腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤15例患者的临床资料。结果术前诊断结节性甲状腺肿8例(53.3%),诊断结节性甲状腺肿合并乔本氏甲状腺炎7例(46.7%)。误诊率100%。全部行手术治疗,术后经免疫组化诊断,其中CD20(+)15例(100%)。随访1~10年,死亡9例(60.0%)。结论对于结节性甲状腺肿和并乔本氏甲状腺炎老年患者,应高度怀疑甲状腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤。早期穿刺活检行病理免疫组化(CD20)检查很必要。     

错配修复基因hMSH2、hMLH1在非霍奇金

目的 探讨错配修复基因hMSH2、hMLH1在非霍奇金淋巴瘤中的表达及意义.方法 运用免疫组化SP法检测22例B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤及18例NK/T细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤中hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白表达情况,并探讨其与非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床病理间的关系.结果 NK/T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白表达缺失率分别为55.56%、44.44%;B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤分别为31.82%、50.00%,两种肿瘤间缺失率比较均无统计学意义.hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白表达缺失与患者性别及肿瘤是否发生于淋巴结无关.结论 错配修复基因hMSH2、hMLH1在非霍奇金淋巴瘤肿瘤组织中存在蛋白表达缺失,可导致基因组不稳定,该肿瘤易感.     

原发性肝脏T细胞淋巴瘤1例报告并文献复习

原发性肝脏淋巴瘤(primary hepatic lymphoma,PHL)是一种源自肝内淋巴组织的少见恶性肿瘤,迄今报道均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,国内外文献报道仅100余例,约占结外淋巴瘤的0.14％,占肝脏恶性肿瘤的0.11％[1].国外报道部分PHL患者可合并自身免疫性疾病、慢性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染以及获得性免疫缺乏综合征(acquired immune deficiencysyndrome,AIDS)等[2].     

Agranulocytosis and mixed‐type autoimmune hemolytic anemia in primary sjögren's syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that presents with sicca symptoms of the main mucosal surfaces. Patients with pSS have a broad spectrum of laboratory features, such as cytopenias and hypergammaglobulinemia. Although hematological abnormalities are usually seen in pSS patients, agranulocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are rare. Here we describe a 40‐year‐old woman with pSS who developed both agranulocytosis and mixed‐type AIHA. An increased risk of malignancies has also been reported in pSS patients with hematological changes. Although there is no evidence of malignancies, this patient should be closely followed up in case of developing lymphoma.     

Bi- and tri-clonal gammopathies and the elderly]

Between 1985 and 1990, bi- or triclonal gammopathies were diagnosed in 6 patients (4 women and 2 men) aged 86-93 years. These gammopathies were diagnosed based on the existence of 2 or 3 monoclonal immunoglobulin peaks separated by immunoelectrophoresis of serum proteins (a technique using monospecific anti-gamma, -kappa and -lambda antisera, followed by immunofixation). The 2 biclonal gammopathies were associated with malignancies: on bronchial small cell carcinoma, the other colon cancer; both patients died soon after the discovery of their respective tumors. The 4 triclonal gammopathies had the following associations: 1 non-Hodgkin's large-cell lymphoma, 1 breast cancer with possible lymphoma and 2 severe inflammatory pathologies that we were unable to further identify; 3 patients in this group died. We present these data in light of the rarity of reported cases of bi- and triclonal gammopathies and the controversies surrounding their possible association with a malignant pathology.     

Incidental carcinomas detected by PET/CT scans in patients with malignant lymphoma

According to the international working group response criteria for malignant lymphoma revised in 2007, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸FDG-PET) combined with or without computed tomography (CT) is recommended for pre-treatment staging and response assessment among patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Recently, along with the widespread use of PET/CT, unexpected uptake and accumulation of ¹⁸FDG has been reported. Discussed in the present report are patients with malignant lymphoma and second primary carcinomas that were incidentally found by PET/CT. A total of 497 consecutive PET/CT were performed on 290 patients with malignant lymphoma in our institution from April 2008 through March 2010. Eight patients (2.8%) had pathologically confirmed second primary carcinomas consisting of 4 colon cancers, 3 lung cancers, and 1 pancreatic cancer. Two cases were diagnosed at the initial staging, and the others were detected after treatment for lymphoma. It is noteworthy that PET revealed high accumulations of ¹⁸FDG in 5 (62.5%) of the 8 patients without corresponding tumors in conventional CT. All of the 4 patients with colon carcinoma underwent curative surgery. The present study suggests that incidental findings by PET in malignant lymphoma can lead to early detection and successful treatment of second malignancies.     

The co-occurrence of Hashimoto thyroiditis in primary Sjogren’s syndrome defines a subset of patients with milder clinical phenotype

To evaluate in a cohort of 100 consecutive patients affected by primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) the incidence of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and to compare the clinical features and the laboratory parameters of patients affected by pSS with and without concomitant HT. In 100 consecutive patients affected by pSS, the occurrence of other autoimmune diseases was recorded and a full examination of thyroid function obtained. HT was associated with pSS in 27 cases. The comparison between pSS cases with and without HT showed that only patients with isolated pSS had low C4 level [p = 0.032, OR (IC 95 %) 230 (13.13–4,046)]. In addition, only patients affected by pSS without HT had evidence of cryoglobulins, cutaneous vasculitis with palpable purpura, peripheral neuropathy, and development of lymphoma, although all these manifestations were observed in a 4.1–8.2 % of the cases, without reaching statistical significance. The association of HT in patients suffering from pSS defines a subset of patients with milder disease and normal C4 levels.     

Incidence of cancer in a cohort of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of subsequent cancers in a cohort of patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) with that of the general population in the same region of England. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 112 patients who had attended the out-patients department at University College Hospital, London, from 1979 onwards. Patients were followed up from diagnosis of pSS to diagnosis of first subsequent cancer, death, loss to follow-up or 31 December 2003 (the censoring date) to determine the person-years at risk for each individual. The expected numbers of subsequent cancers were calculated from sex-/age-/period-specific rates for the general population of southeast England, derived from registrations at the Thames Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were then calculated as the ratio of observed to expected numbers of cancers, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Separate analyses were performed for all malignant cancers combined, lymphomas and non-lymphoid cancers. RESULTS: Among the 112 patients with pSS, 25 developed cancer (either before or after development of pSS), with lymphoma occurring in 11 cases. Nine patients had two cancers. There was a significantly elevated incidence of lymphomas in pSS patients compared with the general population (SIR 37.5, 95% CI 20.7-67.6). For non-lymphoid cancer, the observed increase in incidence was small and not statistically significant (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.6). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that there is an increased incidence of lymphoma in patients with pSS. An increase in the incidence of other cancers was not proven but the observation that some patients developed more than one cancer raises the possibility that there may be a subgroup of patients who are at greater risk of developing cancer.     

Synchronous double primary lymphoma and thyroid cancer: A single-institution retrospective study

Synchronous double primary malignancies of lymphoma and thyroid cancer are rare. In this retrospective study, we investigated the pathology, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of patients with synchronous lymphoma and thyroid cancer.Of the 1156 newly diagnosed lymphoma patients treated in our hospital between January 1, 2016 and February 1, 2021, 8 cases had lymphoma complicated with thyroid cancer. The clinical data and treatment strategies of 8 cases with synchronous lymphoma and thyroid cancer were retrospectively analyzed.The median age of patients was 56 (25–64) years. All the 8 patients were female and papillary thyroid cancer. Only 1 patient had peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and the other 7 were B-cell lymphoma. Seven of 8 patients had normal free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine at the time of diagnosis. Seven thyroid cancer patients received total thyroidectomy and levothyroxine and the remaining 1 patient has a plan for surgery. At the last follow-up, 7 patients with B-cell lymphoma are alive; the patient with peripheral T-cell lymphoma complicated with thyroid cancer died due to lymphoma progression.Synchronous lymphoma and thyroid cancer are more predominant in women. Histologically, B-cell lymphomas and papillary thyroid cancer subtypes are more common. Attention should be paid to the presence of thyroid nodules in the diagnosis of lymphoma. Biopsy or ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the suspicious thyroid nodule should be performed to exclude thyroid malignancy.     

Clinical features distinguishing lymphoma development in primary Sjögren's syndrome—A retrospective cohort study

Objective

The objective is to determine the relationship between clinical features and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) development in primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS), taking recently designed disease activity/severity scores into account.

Methods

Medical charts of pSS patients were retrospectively analyzed, scoring first and last visits with the (cumulative) EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index and counting extraglandular manifestations, comparing patients with and without NHL.

Results

One hundred ninety-five patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 92 months (range 12–256). Twenty-one patients (11%) had NHL. Associations of parotid gland enlargement (OR 2.84) and low C4 (OR 7.71) with NHL were confirmed. In NHL patients, development of purpura, peripheral neuropathy (PNP), and glomerulonephritis (GN) concurred with lymphoma in 3/3, 5/7, and 2/2 of cases, respectively. Otherwise, purpura and PNP were not associated with NHL later on. This suggests that these symptoms might represent paraneoplastic events (in 16%, 24%, and 100% of our cases, respectively). Presence of IgM-kappa clonal components was associated with lymphoma in 64% of cases. Disease activity/severity scores at first visit could not predict lymphoma development, nor was the pSS disease course significantly worse in patients with NHL.

Conclusions

In our cohort, no clinical manifestation or disease score could clearly select patients with subsequent lymphoma development. Presence of IgM-kappa clonal components and development of purpura, PNP, and GN should alert the clinician for the presence of lymphoma.     

Hautmetastasen bei viszeralen Malignomen

The objective of our study was to get epidemiological data in the region of Aarau, Switzerland, about the frequency of cutaneous metastases from visceral malignancies. With a computer search we analyzed all patients with skin metastases from visceral malignancies who had attended our clinic between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2003. Out of 19 491 patients, 37 had cutaneous metastases from visceral tumours (0,19%): 25 women (67.5%) and 12 men (32.5%) were affected. 19 had breast cancer (51%), 8 sarcomas (21%), 2 leukemia (5%), 2 colorectal cancer, and one each ovary carcinoma, bronchial cancer, prostate cancer, malignant histiocytoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (3%). In 24 cases the primary malignancy was known (65%). In 35% cutaneous metastases were diagnosed at the same time as the primary tumour. Primary malignancies were diagnosed in 54% within the age range of 50–70 years, and 65% of cutaneous metastases were diagnosed within the age range of 50–80 years. In 51% skin metastases were the first site of dissemination. In 49% other known metastases were present (5% locoregional, 38% lymph nodes, 3% brain, 3% lung, 3% liver). Our study documents that cutaneous metastases from visceral malignancies are rare. However, early diagnosis has an impact concerning further treatment and prognosis.     

原发性胃淋巴瘤临床病理和内镜特点分析

目的探讨原发性胃淋巴瘤（PGL）的临床病理和内镜下表现,提高对PGL的认识。方法对我院1999年1月～2010年3月经内镜检查、组织病理和免疫组化确诊的42例PGL的临床资料并进行分析。结果42例患者从发病到就诊时间平均5.2个月。首发症状为上腹部疼痛,依次有腹部饱胀、食欲减退、呕血与黑便、贫血、消瘦等临床表现。内镜下形态表现分弥散浸润型（17例）、多发溃疡型（14例）和隆起糜烂型（11例）。多部位、多种形态且病变范围广为其特征。内镜下常误诊为胃癌、溃疡等,需经病理学、免疫组化检查确诊。本组38例（90.5%）幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性。结论PGL起病较隐匿、病程较长。症状、体征不具特异性。内镜下多点深取组织活检及病理学、免疫组化检查是提高PGL确诊率和早期诊断率的重要方法。Hp感染与PGL有密切相关性。     

Thyroid disease in Sjögren’s syndrome

From 1960 to 2007, an important number of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) along with thyroid disease diagnosed by laboratory data and clinical presentation were reported. The most common thyroid disorder found was autoimmune thyroiditis and the most common hormonal pattern was subclinical hypothyroidism. The coexistence of SS and thyroiditis is frequent and suggests a common genetic or environmental factor predisposition with similar pathogenic mechanisms. pSS was ten times more frequent in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and autoimmune thyroiditis was nine times more frequent in pSS. Therefore, SS should be studied in patients with thyroid disease and vice versa. Antigens are shared by both thyroid and salivary glands, which could be responsible for the association between both diseases. Immunogenetic studies had suggested that both diseases have a common genetic predisposition. pSS and thyroid disease patients were mostly women with positive antithyroglobulin, antiparietal cell and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. Thyroid dysfunction is frequent in pSS patients and those prone to develop thyroid disorders are identified by thyroid-related autoantibodies or by rheumatoid factor and anti-Ro/SSA activity. Patients with pSS have an increased tendency to develop other autoimmune diseases. Hypothyroidism was the most common autoimmune disease developed in pSS patients during follow-up of 10.5 years. Lymphomas are also associated with SS and thyroiditis and a 67-fold increased risk for thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and a 44-fold increased risk for parotid lymphoma is being attributed to autoimmune thyroiditis and pSS. It is suggested that immune mechanism deficiency is a causal factor for B cell lymphoma in pSS and autoimmune thyroid disease. Other studies are necessary to clarify the shared pathogenesis mechanism in SS and autoimmune thyroid disease and to understand this fascinating autoimmune association.