云南琵琶甲药材的质量标准研究

目的:建立云南琵琶甲药材的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对云南琵琶甲中胆甾醇成分进行鉴别,按《中国药典》方法检测其重金属、水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、水溶性浸出物及醇溶性浸出物含量;采用紫外分光光度法测定游离氨基酸的含量。结果:TLC斑点清晰,专属性强;重金属、水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分含量分别不超过百万分之十、10.0%、4.0%、0.5%,水(冷浸和热浸)浸出物、95%乙醇冷浸浸出物、95%乙醇热浸浸出物、稀乙醇冷浸浸出物、稀乙醇热浸浸出物不得少于21.0%、17.0%、20.0%、20.0%、25.0%;游离氨基酸的含量不得少于35.00mg.g-1。结论:所建标准可用于云南琵琶甲药材的质量控制。     

中药中外源性有害残留物监控的现状与建议

目的分析中药中以重金属及有害元素、黄曲霉毒素、农药残留为代表的外源性污染现状,提出安全性控制建议。方法分析了近年来中药材中外源性有害残留物危害种类、相关药害事件及样品普查情况。结果提出现阶段影响中药安全性的最主要外源性污染物为重金属和真菌毒素残留,农药残留则应区别对待,有机氯及部分有机磷类农残应重点监控。结论《中国药典》等国家药品标准应进一步提高完善检测技术,并在更广泛的基础上制订科学、可行的限量标准。     

"七情"对心脑疾病的影响

现代医学模式是生物-心理-社会医学．此模式高度重视精神因素对疾病的影响．祖国医学在很早以前．就极为重视人的精神活动，将人的精神活动概括为“七情”，即“喜、恕、忧、思、悲、恐、惊”，七种的变化，属于精神致病因素。认为“精神内伤，身必败亡”。人的情志活动反映脏腑功能情况，如神志异常，即长期受到刺激，或者突然受到精神创伤，可影响相关的脏腑活动而致病。“怒伤肝”、“思伤脾”、“喜伤心”。《素问，阴阳应象大论》中提到“志闲而少欲，必安而不致”。只有思想开朗，精神乐观，才能“形与神俱，而尽终其天年”。     

甘肃不同产区当归药材的质量考察

目的：对甘肃不同产区的当归药材进行质量考察。方法：采用HPLC法测定甘肃各区当归药材的阿魏酸含量，采用硫酸一苯酚法测定水溶性多糖含量，并按照《中国药典》2005年版测定当归挥发油、浸出物含量。参照有关文献对甘肃各地当归进行农药残留、重金属和人体必需微量元素测定。结果：甘肃各区当归药材质量较高，但不同产地的当归药材有效成分含量差异较大。结论：产地因素对当归药材质量影响尤为重要。     

9例"中间综合征"病人气道管理

急性有机磷农药中毒后2～4日(偶或7日)可发生一种以肌肉麻痹为主的疾病，因其发病时间在有机磷农药中毒胆碱危象消失后，而在迟发性周围神经病之前，称为“中间综合征”(IMS)。由于IMS的致命性损害是呼吸肌麻痹而导致呼吸衰竭，因此建立人工气道应用呼吸机治疗才能挽救生命，此时气道管理显得尤为重要。我科于1998年1月～2001年12月共抢救IMS患者9例，取得较好的效果。     

"三无"病员特殊护理

目的探讨来院就诊时无任何经济来源、无正常居所、无正当职业或务工不着病人的特殊护理要点。方法本院从2003年5月至2005年3月共收治560例“三无”病员,给予了人性化护理、心理护理及安全护理。结果“三无”病人在生理、心理上得到了应有的救治。结论在对“三无”病员的护理中应加强护理文件书写质量;纠正病员不良行为习惯;必要时使用床栏、约束具等特殊护理是减少护理差错,提高护理质量的保障。     

铁路门诊药房应对"三医改革"的策略

随着国家医疗保险制度的改革，铁路医疗机构正逐渐从铁路主业中分离出来，走向社会，成为独立的企业、自主的经营，铁路门诊药房面对“三医改革”带来的严峻挑战，如何抓住历史机遇．加强自身建设和管理，提高药学服务水平，是面临的一个重要课题。本文阐述铁路门诊药房如何在主辅分离、辅业改制的情况下．以人为本．探索医院药学与社区药学相结合的路子，适应“三医改革”的新体制需要，促进门诊药房的发展与壮大。     

中药白鲜皮中重金属和农药残留量的分析

目的：分析白鲜皮药材中重金属和农药残留量，为白鲜皮的质量控制和标准制定提供依据。方法：采用比色法测定总重金属含量，原子吸收法测定Ph、Cd、Cu、As的含量，ICPMS法测定Hg的含量，GC法测定有机氯农药残留量。结果：白鲜皮药材中含总重金属50～100mg／kg，其中Ph 0．12～0．54mg／kg，Cd 0．007～0．219mg／kg，Cu 1．98～22．31mg／kg．As 0．04～0.81mg／kg，Hg 0．02～0．31mg／kg，所有样品中均未检出DDT，少数样品中检出六六六，含量为19．20～130．33μg／kg。结论：白鲜皮药材中含一定量的重金属，其中铜含量较高，其它重金属含量都很低。白鲜皮为野生药材，大部分未检出有机氯农药残留，少数检出六六六，可能来源于土壤污染。     

中药有害残留物限量制定原则及其影响因素

人体长期过量摄入残留农药、重金属和生物毒素可能对身体健康造成损害。因此,中药材和其制剂质量标准中有害残留物的最大限量制定是构成标准的重要组成部分。本文通过查阅大量国外研究报道的有关农药残留、重金属和黄曲霉毒素的毒理学相关实验数据和国内外药品标准,分析有关标准中有害残留物理论最大限量计算方法,模拟计算其最大限量理论值,并将其与中外药品标准中已有最大限量标准进行比较,分析影响限量确定的因素,阐明了标准中有害残留物最大限量制定方法和原则。     

"陈氏"黑药膏抗感染作用的实验研究

“陈氏”黑药膏是已故名老中医陈兴之的祖传秘方，其主要成份有：南瓜藤炭、土楝子炭、芒硝等，具有解毒消炎、退肿止痛、拔毒排脓、活血通络之功效。在临床运用过程中有消散红肿热痛快、皮肤药敏反应轻、无油腻感、粘附性好、易于清洁等优点，并且价格低廉，药源广泛。现对该药进行了初步的实验室研究。     

薄层扫描法测定莲子心中莲子碱含量

本文采用硅胶G板,以氯仿一丙酮—二乙胺(6∶4∶1)为展开剂,用薄层扫描法测定了莲子心中主要有效成分莲心碱的含量。工作曲线在0.5,7.5μg 范围内呈线性关系;平均回收率在98%以上,变异系数小于3%。本法简便、快速、可为其它含莲子心中成药的质量控制提供参考。     

荷花中芦丁含量测定方法研究

目的建立荷花中芦丁的含量测定方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法,对样品处理方法、色谱柱和流动相等影响分离效果的主要因素进行了优化。选用Thermo BDS Hypersil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);甲醇-1%冰乙酸溶液(32∶68)为流动相;检测波长为360 nm。结果芦丁的线性范围0.119 9⁰.839 3μg,r=0.999 998;平均回收率97.93%,RSD为1.8%(n=6)。结论该方法简便、实用、结果可靠,分离效果好。     

荷叶的化学和药理研究进展

本文概述了荷叶的化学成分及其药理活性的研究进展,以期为荷叶功能成分的合理开发与利用提供参考.同时分析了荷叶中活性成分及其生理功能,并对其未来研究方向、产业化发展趋势进行了阐述.     

高效液相色谱法测定荷叶与荷梗中荷叶碱的含量

目的 建立一种测定荷叶与荷梗中荷叶碱含量的高效液相色谱方法.方法 采用Kromasil C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5.0μm),以乙腈-水-三乙胺-冰醋酸(27:70.6:1.6:0.78)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长270nm.结果 荷叶碱获得良好分离,在26.4～92.4μg·mL-1范围内绒性良好(r=0.9997),平均回收率为97.49%,RSD=0.55%(n=5).结论 该方法准确、重现性好,可用于荷叶与荷梗中荷叶碱含量的测定.     

HPLC法测定荷叶与莲房中荷叶碱的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定荷叶与莲房中荷叶碱含量的方法。方法采用Agilent Eclipse XDBC18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水-三乙胺-冰醋酸(27∶70.6∶1.6∶0.8)为流动相;流速:1.0 mL·min-1;柱温:25℃;检测波长:270 nm。结果荷叶碱在3.01⁴8.16μg·mL-1范围内线性良好(r=0.999 0),平均回收率为96.97%,RSD=0.99%(n=6)。结论该方法准确、简便、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于荷叶与莲房中荷叶碱含量的测定。     

Quercetin in a lotus leaves extract may be responsible for antibacterial activity

In the course of a search for chemotherapeutic agents inhibiting suspected peridontitis bacteria, extracted and purified substances from lotus leaf were identified by antimicrobial activity tests with use of the broth micro-dilution methods on 96-microwell plate. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was tested against five microorganisms, namely: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, Actinomyces viscosus 19246, Porphyromonas gingivalis 33277, Fusobacterium nucleatum 25586, and Actinomyces naeslundii wvl 45. The most active antimicrobial extract was subjected to spectroscopic analysis using UV, mass spectrometry, and by (1)H, (13)C-, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our data showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the most active extract were 0.625, 1.25, 1.25, 0.625 and 2.5 mg/mL for A. actinomycetemcomitans, A. viscosus, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. naeslundii, respectively. The component that had a greatest antimicrobial activity was determined to be quercetin. Thus, we conclude that quercetin extracted from lotus leaves may be a potential antibacterial agent for periodontitis.     

莲房原花青素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨莲房原花青素(LSPC)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法用麻醉大鼠冠脉结扎30 min后，再灌注45 min造成心肌损伤模型。离体大鼠心脏经停灌30 min后，用正常K-H液复灌30 min，造成心肌损伤模型。均于实验前给予药物或生理盐水。结果LSPC可降低复灌后血清ET和Ang II的浓度，抑制MDA含量升高，并保持SOD活性及NO的水平。心脏复灌以后冠脉流量和心率明显恢复，心肌细胞酶CK和LDH漏出减少，心肌组织黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)的活性降低，心肌超微结构的病理变化改善等。结论LSPC对整体及离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

Antioxidant, antihemolytic and nephroprotective activity of aqueous extract of Diospyros lotus seeds

This study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the antioxidant, antihemolytic and nephroprotective effects of Diospyros lotus seeds extract in experimental in vitro and in vivo models. Antioxidant potential of Diospvyos lotus seeds extract was examined by employing seven in vito models i.e., DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity, iron ion chelating, reducing power and lipid peroxidation through linoleic acid. Antihemolytic activity of extract was examined against hydrogen peroxide-induced erythrocytes hemolysis. Also, nephroprotective effect of extract against gentamicin (GM)-induced renal injury was evaluated. Renal injury was achieved by injecting 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) of GM in normal saline. Extracts were administrated i.p. in doses 200 and 400 mg/kg. Blood samples were examined for serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen after 10 consecutive days of treatment. Results show that extract showed different level of antioxidant and antihemolytic activity in the studied models. Also, results show that GM-induced nephrotoxic animal model was successfully constructed. Extract attenuated the gentamicin-induced increase in level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. The present study shows that the extract offered significant biological action compared with standard compound.     

Sleep-promoting activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) rhizome water extract via GABAA receptors

ContextThe sleep-promoting activity of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) alkaloids in leaves or seeds are well known. However, the sleep-promoting activity of the lotus rhizome (LE), which is used mainly as food, has not yet been evaluated.ObjectiveWe investigated the sleep-promoting activity of LE water extract.Materials and methodsInstitute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (n = 8) were subject to a pentobarbital-induced sleep test to assess changes in sleep latency and duration following the administration of LE (80–150 mg/kg). In addition, electroencephalography analysis was performed to determine the sleep quality after LE treatment as well as the sleep recovery effect of LE using a caffeine-induced insomnia SD rat model. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to investigate the expression of neurotransmitter receptors, and the GABA_A receptor antagonists were used for receptor binding analysis.ResultsAn oral administration of 150 mg/kg LE significantly increased sleep duration by 24% compared to the control. Furthermore, LE increased nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep by increasing theta and delta powers. In the insomnia model, LE increased sleep time by increasing NREM sleep. Moreover, treatment with picrotoxin and flumazenil decreased the sleep time by 33% and 23%, respectively, indicating an involvement of the GABA_A receptor in the sleep-enhancing activity of LE. The expression of GABA_A receptors and the concentration of GABA in the brain were increased by LE.Discussion and conclusionsThe results suggest that the sleep-promoting activity of LE was via the GABA_A receptor. Collectively, these data show that LE may promote sleep.