Cystic tumors of the pancreas: Evaluation by ultrasonography and computed tomography

The personal series of 30 cystic tumors of the pancreas [12 serous cystic tumors (SCT) and 18 mucinous cystic tumors (MCT)] is presented. All neoplasms were evaluated with ultrasonography (US) 28 of 30 with computed tomography (CT); the tumoral histotype could be correctly defined in 73% of cases (seven of 12 SCT and 15 of 18 MCT). Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with diagnostic aims (preparation of cytological smears and/or biochemical assays) was performed in only 10 of 30 cases, yielding a 100% sensitivity; on the whole, the combined use of imaging modalities and FNA allowed correct characterization of the cystic tumors in 27 of 30 cases (90%). The usefulness of a precise diagnostic workup of these neoplasms is emphasized, due to their prognostic and therapeutic outcome.     

非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的超声诊断

目的：提高对非功能性胰岛细胞的认识和诊断水平。方法：对20例非功能性胰岛细胞瘤病例进行回顾性总结。结果：非功能性胰岛细胞临床表现无特异性,超声等影像学检查出率高,但特异性诊断正确率低,彩色多普勒超声检查显示83．3％的瘤体血供丰富,病理检查恶性胰岛细胞瘤的比例达75．0％,免疫组织化学染色检测显示非功能胰岛细胞瘤大多具有分泌功能,结论：提高对非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的声像图及病理方面的认识是术前作出正确诊断的关键。     

胰岛细胞瘤的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的 评价多排螺旋CT(MSCT)双期增强扫描对胰岛细胞瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析14例经手术病理证实的胰岛细胞瘤的临床和MSCT影像资料.患者均于术前行MSCT平扫及动脉期、门静脉期双期增强扫描,造影剂注射剂量1.5 ml/kg,速率3.0 ml/s,延迟时间分别为30秒、70秒.结果 14例胰岛细胞瘤均被检出,其中功能性胰岛细胞瘤5例,直径均≤2 cm,平扫呈等密度或稍高密度,于动脉期呈明显均匀强化.无功能性胰岛细胞瘤9例,平扫表现为较大肿瘤,直径3～12 cm,平均8.6 cm;其中7例可见囊变坏死,内可见分隔及壁结节,增强扫描壁结节及囊壁呈中度至明显强化.结论 多层螺旋CT双期增强扫描对胰岛细胞瘤的诊断有重要价值,可在术前提供重要信息.     

39例胃黏膜下肿瘤CT诊断

目的:分析胃黏膜下肿瘤(gastric submucosal tumors,SMTs)的CT表现,以提高对该类病变的认识。方法:回顾性分析39例经术后病理证实的SMTs患者的CT资料,分析总结其特征表现。结果:39例SMTs患者中,间质瘤(gastric stromal tumor,GST)19例,影像表现为圆形、椭圆形或分叶状肿块,肿块实性部分增强后呈均匀或不均匀中度至明显强化,静脉期强化程度高于动脉期,17例GST长轴与胃壁垂直,14例表面覆盖完整黏膜,4例病变出现钙化,所有患者胃周未见肿大淋巴结;神经鞘瘤6例,表现为密度均匀的肿块,较少出血、坏死及囊变,仅2例患者病灶表面有小溃疡形成,增强后呈中度至明显强化,2例患者病灶周围出现肿大淋巴结;淋巴瘤8例,表现为范围较广的胃壁增厚而无梗阻,病灶长轴与胃壁平行,强化不明显,7例胃周出现肿大淋巴结;异位胰腺6例,表现为扁平状肿块影,增强后明显强化,强化方式与正常胰腺类似,1例见中央导管征。结论:SMTs病灶多在CT图像上有特征性表现,CT检查及多平面重组可清晰显示病灶的形状、大小、强化方式及胃腔内外情况等,对SMTs的诊断及鉴别均具有重要意义。     

Age-related morphology of the normal pancreas on computed tomography

Abdominal computed tomographic scans were performed on a group of 360 patients between the ages of 20 and 80 years. The anteroposterior diameter of the pancreatic head, body, and tail, the age-related ratio of vertebral body-pancreas diameter, and the external and internal contours of the organ were analyzed. The age-related changes in the pancreas were compared with known anatomical findings.     

Cystic islet cell tumors: Radiologic findings in three cases

We report three cases of cystic islet cell tumors, two caused by gastrinomas and the other by an islet cell carcinoma. All three patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and angiography and two also had magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Several common radiographic findings were present as follows: thickening of the cyst wall and irregularity of the inner surface on postcontrast CT and MR images, neovascularity and a densely staining hypervascular rim on angiography, and moderately increased signal intensity of the cyst content on T1-weighted MR images, which indicated fluid containing blood and/or necrotic tissue. These findings are helpful in defining the nature of these lesions and strongly suggest that cystic islet cell tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis.     

Carcinoid tumors of the pancreas: CT findings

Computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound (US) findings in four cases of carcinoid tumors of the pancreas are reported. Differential diagnosis with other endocrine and nonendocrine pancreatic tumors is discussed. CT and US techniques play an important role in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of these tumors.     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的超声诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨胰腺实性一假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的超声诊断与鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的7例胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的超声表现.结果 二维超声SPTP表现为囊实混合性团状回声,其中以囊性结构为主2例,实性结构为主1例,囊实结构比例相近者4例.结论 SPTP超声表现具有一定特征性,有利于诊断及鉴别诊断.     

Computed body tomography and gray scale ultrasonography: Anatomic correlations and pitfalls in the upper abdomen

From over 1,000 computed body tomographic and 10,000 gray scale ultrasonographic studies of the abdomen, a number of close anatomic relationships leading to the commonest pitfalls in diagnosis are reviewed. Scanning techniques developed to prevent interpretive errors are described.     

Transection of the pancreas demonstrated by ultrasound and computed tomography

The early occurrence of peritoneal signs and hyperamylasemia in a 14-year-old boy, who had fallen off his horse, urged us to perform a sonographic and computed tomographic study of the upper abdomen. Both examinations showed a complete pancreatic rupture. Distal pancreatectomy led to a rapid and uneventful recovery.     

超声检查在胰腺实性假乳头状瘤诊断与分型中的价值

目的 探讨超声检查在胰腺实性假乳头状瘤诊断与分型中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的15例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(其中女性13例、男性2例,年龄15～53岁,平均32.1岁),对病灶大小、位置、声像图特点进行分析和分型.结果 肿瘤平均最大径66 mm (30～160 mm),超声表现为实性或并有囊性的肿块,可分为实块型、实性为主混合型和囊性为主类囊型.所有肿瘤均可见清晰包膜,5例患者6枚肿瘤内部有强回声钙化斑块.结论 胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤发病以年轻女性为主,声像图表现具有一定的特征,超声检查结合临床特点对其诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

Omental infarction diagnosed by computed tomography,missed with ultrasonography: A case report

BACKGROUNDOmental infarction (OI) is a surgical abdominal disease that is not common in adults and is very rare in children. Similar to various acute abdominal pain diseases including appendicitis, diagnosis was previously achieved by diagnostic laparotomy but more recently, ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT) examination has been used.CASE SUMMARYA 6-year-old healthy boy with no specific medical history visited the emergency room with right lower abdominal pain. He underwent abdominal ultrasonography by a radiologist to rule out acute appendicitis. He was discharged with no significant sonographic finding and symptom relief. However, the symptoms persisted for 2 more days and an outpatient visit was made. An outpatient abdominal CT was used to make a diagnosis of OI. After laparoscopic operation, his symptoms resolved.CONCLUSIONIn children’s acute abdominal pain, imaging studies should be performed for appendicitis and OI.     

Infusion tomography and ultrasonography of the gallbladder in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis

Sixty-three patients with the clinical suspicion of acute cholecystitis were examined with infusion tomography of the gallbladder. Ultrasonography was performed in 51 of these cases. The technique and diagnostic principles of both methods are discussed. The diagnostic value of the two methods when used in combination is stressed. Thus in a case of gangrenous cholecystitis when opacification of the gallbladder wall may not appear at infusion tomography, ultrasonography may demonstrate signs of gallbladder disease. Infusion tomography, on the other hand, may be of great value if ultrasonography is not informative.     

Delayed enhancement of islet cell carcinomaon dynamic computed tomography: a sign of its malignancy

Dynamic CT of a 53-year-old man revealed a slightly hyperdense tumor at an arterial phase, and it was much enhanced 3.5 min later. Since the histology of the resected specimen revealed tumor thrombi of the vein around the tumor, this sign is probably based on delayed washout of the contrast media from the tumor. Received: 9 July 1996/Accepted: 7 August 1996     

胰岛细胞瘤的双期MSCT表现(附9例报告)

目的:探讨双期MSCT扫描对胰岛细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法:对9例手术证实为胰岛细胞瘤的双期MSCT表现进行分析,其中功能性胰岛细胞瘤5例,无功能性胰岛细胞瘤4例。结果:功能性胰岛细胞瘤多较小,而无功能性胰岛细胞瘤体积均较大。大部分功能性胰岛细胞瘤及无功能性胰岛细胞瘤增强扫描均明显强化,动脉期较门脉期更清晰显示肿瘤及血管受侵,动门脉期对淋巴结转移的显示无明显差异。结论:双期MSCT对胰岛细胞瘤的检出、分期及判断预后有很大意义,可在术前提供重要信息。     

The relationship of computed tomography and ultrasonography in diagnosis of abdominal disease.

A detailed comparison of computed tomography and ultrasonography of the abdomen is presented from a theoretical point of view. The advantages and limitations of both modalities are discussed in terms of scan content, resolution, plane of interrogation, dynamic imaging, examination time, imaging problems, automation, contrast administration, puncture guidance, examination availability, hazards, personnel and space requirements, and cost. Analysis of these factors leads the authors to conclude that ultrasound should be the procedure of choice for sectional imaging of the abdomen. Computed tomography should be reserved for those situations in which the ultrasound examination is not diagnostic (i.e., skeletal system, lungs, mediastinum).     

Comparison of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the determination of traumatic thoracic injuries

Objective

In this study, the accuracy of bedside thoracic ultrasonography (TUSG) performed by emergency physicians with patients in the supine position was compared with that of thoracic computed tomography (TCT) for the determination of thoracic injuries due to trauma.

超声双重造影在胃间质瘤诊断中的价值

目的 评价超声双重造影(DCUS)对胃间质瘤(GST)的诊断价值.方法 对26例胃间质瘤的DCUS表现与病理诊断结果进行对照分析.结果 26例胃间质瘤中病理诊断为低危16例,高危10例.口服胃窗超声造影检查定位诊断正确率76.9%(20/26),DCUS定位诊断正确率为100%(26/26),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.023).胃间质瘤的生物学行为与病灶大小、形态、内部有无坏死、液化及超声造影增强模式有关(P＜0.05),与病灶的边界及有无转移无关(P＞0.05).26例患者中,口服胃窗超声造影检出病灶中坏死液化区7例,DCUS检出病灶中坏死液化区13例,两者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.426,P=0.035).结论 DCUS可用于胃间质瘤的定性和定位诊断,可为胃间质瘤的治疗方案选择提供指导和参考意见.     

Endoscopic ultrasonography diagnosis of gastric glomus tumors

BACKGROUNDA gastric glomus tumor is relatively rare, and there is little knowledge on its endoscopic ultrasound findings.AIMTo assess the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of gastric glomus tumor and to discuss its value by reviewing the literature.METHODSA retrospective analysis of the EUS characteristics of gastric glomus tumor (such as tumor location, shape, size, echogenicity, homogeneity, margins, layer of origin, and so on) was performed. The study included 12 cases of gastric glomus tumor confirmed by surgery and pathology (7 females and 5 males, age range 36-74 years, average age was 58.2 years).RESULTSAll the lesions were located in the gastric antrum (12 cases), protruding into the cavity, with a diameter between 1 and 3.5 cm. Glomus tumor of the stomach manifested as a circumscribed and slightly hypoechoic mass in the fourth layer, with an internal heterogeneous echo mixed with hyperechogenic spots and a marginal more hypoechoic halo. Smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon and vimentin were shown to be positive by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONAlthough glomus tumor of the stomach is relatively rare, a typical glomus tumor of the stomach has characteristic changes under EUS.     

Intraductal papillary carcinoma of the pancreas

We report a case of intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma of the distal pancreatic duct. Although a rare subgroup of exocrine pancreatic tumors, their diagnosis is an important one in view of their favorable prognosis with pancreatectomy. Because of the established behavior of villous tumors of the colon, to which they are similar histologically, these tumors should be resected, even if biopsy shows benign disease. Patients should be followed radiologically for recurrence or the development of new adenoma following resection.