9例矫正型大动脉转位合并室上性心动过速射频消融回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析矫正型大动脉转位(ccTGA)合并室上性心动过速(SVT)射频消融特点及结果。方法连续入选9例ccTGA合并SVT患者,完善术前检查后行心内电生理检查及射频消融术,术后定期随访、收集资料。结果 9例患者中,4例房室结折返性心动过速、3例房室折返性心动过速、2例房性心动过速,均于靠近间隔侧消融成功。三维使用率达55.5%(5/9),其中2例心脏解剖变异较大(1例中位心、1例右旋心),应用三维电解剖模型融合CT建模辅助消融均获得成功。术后1例HV间期从40 ms延长至100 ms,其余无明显改变。随访3～75个月1例复发。结论此类患者的术中定位应更加关注左右房间隔侧的标测;ccTGA合并SVT的患者可首选三维电解剖模型融合CT建模辅助射频消融治疗。     

射频消融术766例回顾分析

目的回顾分析亚洲心脏病医院进行射频消融治疗患者766例的有效性、安全性及并发症. 方法2000年4月6日～2003年7月31日,766例患者,病种分别为:房室交界区折返性心动过速301例,房室折返性心动过速403例,特发性室性心动过速50例,心房扑动8例,阵发性房颤3例,房性心动过速1例;男性406例,女性360例;年龄6～79(4l±15.9)岁;合并心脏疾病:30例高血压病,6例先心病-室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、Ebstein畸形,1例肥厚型心肌病,1例前降支肌桥,2例冠状动脉旁路移植术后患者,余未发现器质性心脏病.患者均经系统心内膜标测并行射频消融.     

阵发性室上性心动过速合并心脏血管畸形患者射频消融安全性和有效性的探讨

目的探讨阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）合并心脏血管畸形患者进行射频消融（RFCA）的安全性和有效性。方法左侧旁道患者12例,年龄6～72岁,其中3例合并先天性心脏病,7例合并腹主动脉扭曲畸形,2例合并升主动脉迂曲延长。3例先天性心脏病患者行RFCA后,同时实施了Amplatzer伞闭术;7例合并腹主动脉扭曲畸形患者,术中使用了长血管鞘,2例合并升主动脉迂曲延长患者,术中使用右侧0号Swartz鞘,使消融导管顺利通过扭曲畸形血管到达左心室。结果12例患者均达到射频消融终点,平均手术时间1．8小时4-0．4小时,无1例出现并发症,随访6个月～2年,1例复发,再次消融成功。结论PSvT合并心脏血管畸形患者进行RFCA安全,有效。     

小肠镜治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病合并回肠血管畸形出血1例

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病合并胃肠道血管畸形出血少见。报道1例以消化道出血为表现的肥厚型梗阻性心肌病合并回肠血管畸形患者,经小肠镜诊治止血的经过,旨在为该类疾病的临床诊治提供参考。     

肥厚型心肌病合并心房颤动的射频导管消融治疗

目的评价肥厚型心肌病合并心房颤动（房颤）射频导管消融的安全性和疗效。方法入选2005年至2012年共57例肥厚型心肌病合并房颤患者,采用Carto三维标测系统引导环肺静脉消融电隔离术,附加二尖瓣、三尖瓣峡部线性消融及左心房碎裂电位消融以改良基质。结果57例患者均顺利完成导管消融术,平均手术时间（192±36）min,X线曝光时间（28±8）min,随访时间（3．1±2．0）年,单次消融成功率42．1％,多次消融成功率61．4％,其中梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者消融成功率36．4％,非梗阻性患者成功率67．4％（P=0．031）。结论环肺静脉消融结合基质改良治疗肥厚型心肌病合并房颤在有经验的治疗中心安全有效。     

68例小儿室上性心动过速射频消融治疗体会

目的 探讨射频导管消融术(RFCA)治疗小儿室上性心动过速(SVT)的疗效及安全性.方法 6对我院68例～15岁的SVT患儿进行心内电生理检测,确定SVT心内电生理机制类型,进行RFCA.结果 68例SVT中,房室结双径路30例(44.1%),房室旁路38例(55.9%).采用左侧旁路21例,右侧旁路15例,左、右双侧旁路2例.全部进行RFCA,即时手术成功率达100%,全部无严重并发症.术后随访,6个月内有4例患儿SVT复发,总复发率为5.9%,第2次消融均获得成功,随访1年无再发.1例并发心动过速性心肌病的患儿,RFCA后心脏各项指标恢复正常.结论 RFCA对小儿SVT的治疗是有效和安全的;对＜10岁的患儿,在RFCA中行全身麻醉可确保手术顺利进行并增加安全性.心动过速性心肌病患儿经早期RFCA治疗是可逆的.     

射频消融房室结折返性心动过速401例临床分析

射频消融术 (RFCA)为治疗室上性心动过速(SVT)的一种最有效方法 ,房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)是SVT中最常见的一种。本文总结了 40 1例AVNRT的RFCA资料 ,现报告如下。1 　 对象与方法1 995～ 2 0 0 3年在我院心内科行RFCA治疗的AVNRT患者共 40 1例 ,男 1 32例 ,女 2 69例 ,年龄 9～ 86( 4 6.5± 1 6.7)岁 ,均有频繁的SVT史 ,且药物不能预防发作 ;心动过速时均有心悸、头晕等症状。入院后予体检、X线胸片及超声心动图检查 ,2例Ebstein畸形 ,1例风湿性瓣膜病 ,其余心脏结构和功能基本正常。操作方法 :①先行心内电生理检查 ,…     

矫正型大动脉转位合并心内畸形的外科治疗

矫正型大动脉转位合并心内畸形的外科治疗王建华，李延敏矫正型大动脉转位（ＣＴＧＡ）是指先天性的主动脉与肺动脉在解剖上互换位置，左右心室也同时转位，使其血液循环得到纠正。我们对１５例ＣＴＧＡ合并室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）、房间隔缺损（ＡＳＤ）、肺动脉瓣狭窄（Ｐ...     

肥厚型心肌病室性心动过速射频导管消融及随访4例报道

肥厚型心肌病伴室性心动过速是心脏性猝死的高危因素,虽然射频导管消融（下称消融）治疗特发性室性心动过速已取得很大成功,对于病理性室性心动过速,如心肌梗死后室性心动过速的报道也逐渐增多,但肥厚型心肌病伴室性心动过速的消融仅有小样本报道。本文报道4例肥厚型心肌病并单形性室性心动过速患者的消融及中长期随访结果。     

肥厚型心肌病合并心尖部室壁瘤及室性心动过速一例

左心室中部梗阻性肥厚型心肌病是一类罕见的肥厚型心肌病。该文报道1例中年男性因室性心动过速入院,电复律后心电图提示前侧壁及下壁ST段抬高,急诊冠状动脉造影提示前降支重度心肌桥,随后经超声心动图及心脏磁共振检查明确诊断为左心室中部梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（MVOHCM）,心尖部室壁瘤（LVAA）。MVOHCM同时合并LVAA及前...     

Anomalies associated with the parachute mitral valve: a pathologic analysis of 52 cases

Fifty-two specimens of heart with parachute mitral valve were reviewed. An associated anomaly was present in all but two patients. In these two patients parachute mitral valve was an isolated anomaly. The associated anomalies were divided into those which form part of the developmental complex described by Shone and associates and other anomalies designated as major anomalies. Normally related great vessels were present in 35 cases, double outlet right ventricle in eight cases, complete transposition in four cases, corrected transposition and single ventricle in two cases each and straddling tricuspid valve in one case. The most common associated anomaly was an interventricular communication occurring in 37 cases. Less common anomalies were an atrial septal defect (18 cases), patent ductus arteriosus (21 cases), complete atrioventricular canal (five cases), right-sided obstructive anomalies (13 cases) and left-sided obstructive anomalies other than those as part of the Shone syndrome (11 cases).     

Papillary muscles identified by myocardial contrast echocardiography in preparation for percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation

In patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) supplemented by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can provide a therapeutic benefit. We report a 33-year-old woman with HOCM in which MCE revealed a septal branch artery supplying the postero-medial papillary muscles. Thus, PTSMA was aborted because of the risk of acute mitral regurgitation secondary to papillary muscle dysfunction.     

Ebstein畸形合并右侧旁道的射频消融及靶点图特征探讨

报道６例Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ畸形合并右侧房室旁道患者（１例为外科手术切断未成功），其中顺向型房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）５例、逆向型１例。６例中有心房颤动和电击复律史者３例。经导管射频消融均成功地阻断了旁道。与心内结构正常的１５例右后侧壁显性旁道消融结果比较，平均消融时程（１３９±７４ｍｉｎｖｓ１１３±４６ｍｉｎ）、Ｘ线曝光时间（２８±１７ｍｉｎｖｓ２３±１２ｍｉｎ）均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。平均随访８±５月，１例术后６个月复发，经再次消融成功。其余病例未服用任何抗心律失常药物无心动过速复发。无并发症发生。提出掌握Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ畸形旁道消融的有效靶点图特征及其消融的特殊性，此种病人的消融疗效可与心内结构正常的旁道者相当     

Catheter ablation of accessory pathways in patients with congenital cardiopathies

The catheter ablation procedure in patients with accessory pathways and congenital heart defects can potentially become complicated because of abnormal anatomy and atypical conduction system. Eight patients ranging in age from 4.5 months to 18 years with accessory pathways and congenital heart defects underwent radiofrequency ablation. The cardiac diseases were diagnosed as Ebstein anomaly (n = 3), cardiac rhabdomyomas (n = 1), double outlet right ventricle (n = 1), endocardial cushion defect, partial form (n = 1), repaired Fallot's tetralogy (n = 1) and interventricular septal defect (n = 1). Six patients had manifest Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and 2 had concealed pathways. One patient with Ebstein anomaly had multiple accessory pathways. Radiofrequency ablation was initially successful in eight of the nine accessory pathways (89%). Two procedures were performed in one patient for pathway recurrence. Procedure was unsuccessful in 1 patient with Ebstein anomaly who later had surgical interruption of the accessory pathway. After a mean follow-up of 30.9 +/- 16.4 months, six of the 7 patients in which pathways were successfully ablated are tachycardia-free. One patient had late recurrence of tachycardia and is well controlled by propafenone.     

Straddling atrioventricular valves in biventricular hearts. Observations made in 5 cases

The report concerns 5 patients with straddling or overriding atrioventricular valves. The overriding phenomenon was found 4 times in tricuspid, once in mitral position. In addition to this malformation, 2 patients had congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA), one patient had transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and another a double outlet right ventricle (DORV). In 2 instances corrective surgery was done without compromising the anatomical and functional integrity of the straddling valve. Three patients with straddling degree B-C received palliative procedures, the ventricular septal defect (VSD) was left open in order to save the straddling atrioventricular valve and pulmonary artery banding was done for protection of the pulmonary vascularity. One corrected patient died in the early postoperative period.     

肥厚梗阻型心肌病化学消融术中、术后严重并发症及防治

目的 :报告经皮室间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病术中、术后出现的严重并发症 ,探讨其原因和机制 ,总结经验、教训 ,以期减少其发生。方法 :2 0例肥厚梗阻型心肌病患者用Sigwart法行化学消融术 ,观察术中、术后出现的严重并发症。结果 :2 0例患者中合并下壁急性心肌梗死 2例 ,前壁心肌梗死 1例 ;术后心室颤动 1例 ;永久性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞 1例 ;术后严重血流动力学障碍 1例 ;术中左冠状动脉回旋支栓塞 1例。结论 :肥厚梗阻型心肌病化学消融术中及术后可发生多种严重并发症 ,明确靶血管与消融心肌之间的关系、选择恰当的一支或多支间隔支动脉行化学消融 ,是减少并发症的关键     

Percutaneous transluminal septal artery ablation using polyvinyl alcohol foam particles for septal hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: acute and 3-year outcomes.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of septal artery occlusion with transluminally delivered polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam particles for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). METHODS: Percutaneous septal artery ablation was performed in 18 symptomatic patients (13 men; mean age 60+/-17 years, range 28-89) with drug-resistant HOCM. PVA foam particles were mixed with contrast medium and injected through an angiographic catheter under fluoroscopic control until complete stasis in the septal branch was achieved. Patients were monitored with echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The septal artery was successfully occluded in all patients; no embolization of other coronary branches occurred after infusion of 3 to 8 mL (5.2+/-0.8) of PVA foam particles. The resting pressure gradient was diminished from 83+/-32 to 31+/-35 mmHg (p<0.05). Over a mean follow-up of 44+/-4 months, all patients had symptomatic improvement of their dyspnea and workload without the need for intensified drug therapy. The average NYHA functional class decreased from 3.3+/-0.5 to 1.3+/-0.7 (p<0.0001), with a significant increase in the area of the left ventricular outflow tract (1.3+/-0.2 to 2.6+/-0.2 cm2, p<0.0001). Three instances of transient atrioventricular block occurred, but no complete heart block was produced by the embolization procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Embolization of the septal artery with PVA foam particles appears effective and safe in this series of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The pure ischemic infarction produced by PVA ablation might be the responsible for the lack of complete heart block and the need for permanent pacing.     

心肌声学造影指导化学消融治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病疗效观察

目的 探讨心肌声学造影（MCE）引导乙醇化学消融治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病（HOCM）的临床疗效和短期预后。方法 22例肥厚梗阻型心肌病患者,术前根据超声确定梗阻相关心肌（靶域）。术中行冠脉造影,根据间隔支发出部位拟定消融血管,进一步行MCE确定消融血管（靶血管）,然后注入无水乙醇行经皮室间隔化学消融术（PTSMA）治疗。术后1个月、3个月及1年监测患者超声指标、脑钠尿肽( BNP)及临床症状。结果 22例患者中,19例(86%)MCE术中心肌显影部位与术前靶域相吻合,直接行PTSMA治疗;2例(9%)MCE显示心肌显影区域小于靶域,更换靶血管后行PTSMA治疗;1例(5%)MCE显示非靶域显影而放弃消融治疗。21例(95%)患者术后即刻静息左室流出道压差(LVOTPG)下降达50%以上。随访发现室间隔厚度(IVST)、LVOTPG显著低于术前（P<0.05）;术后1个月二尖瓣前叶收缩期前向运动(SAM)分级、二尖瓣反流(MR)分级也较术前明显减轻（P<0.05）。BNP由术前的(586±127) ng/L降至(202±113) ng/L（P<0.05）。患者术后1年心功能分级为1.8±0.6,较术前3.5±0.5明显改善（P<0.05 ）。结论 在MCE引导下实施PTSMA,可精确选择靶血管并对靶域进行定位、定量消融,显著降低IVST和LVOTPG,改善患者症状,具有良好疗效。     

Accessory mitral valve tissue causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

Although left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is commonly associated with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels, this obstruction is seldom caused by accessory mitral valve tissue. Three cases in which accessory mitral valve tissue caused left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children are described. Two had congenitally corrected transposition and one had normally connected great vessels. The accessory leaflet tissue, which was identified by echocardiography and angiography, was attached by chordae tendineae to normally sited papillary muscles and herniated into the left ventricular outflow tract during systole. Operation was successful in these patients. The accessory valve tissue was excised via an arteriotomy in the great vessel that arose from the left ventricle. The obstructive tissue was excised close to its peripheral attachments in the outflow tract and its chordae tendineae were divided. Resection was performed without injury to the abnormally placed conduction system or to the normal valve structures.     

Accessory mitral valve tissue causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Although left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is commonly associated with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels, this obstruction is seldom caused by accessory mitral valve tissue. Three cases in which accessory mitral valve tissue caused left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children are described. Two had congenitally corrected transposition and one had normally connected great vessels. The accessory leaflet tissue, which was identified by echocardiography and angiography, was attached by chordae tendineae to normally sited papillary muscles and herniated into the left ventricular outflow tract during systole. Operation was successful in these patients. The accessory valve tissue was excised via an arteriotomy in the great vessel that arose from the left ventricle. The obstructive tissue was excised close to its peripheral attachments in the outflow tract and its chordae tendineae were divided. Resection was performed without injury to the abnormally placed conduction system or to the normal valve structures.