Unintentional injuries among Chinese children with different types and severity of disability

PurposeLittle research has been done in China to study injury in individuals with disability. We investigated the impact of type and severity of disability on injury among children with disability in Hubei Province of China.MethodsA sample of 1201 children with disability were matched with 1201 healthy children on gender, age, and neighborhood. Disability type and severity were determined using the Chinese national standards. Caregivers were interviewed face-to-face about nonfatal unintentional injuries suffered by the child in the past 12 months before the interview. Univariate χ² test and logistic regression models were used to investigate association between disability type/severity and nonfatal unintentional injuries.ResultsInjury rate among children with disability was significantly higher than that among children without disability (10.2% vs. 4.4%; P < .001). Children with multiple disabilities had the highest risk of injury after controlling for confounding variables (odds ratio, 4.54; 95% confidence interval, 2.82–7.30; P < .001). The magnitude of the association between disability and injury varied by type and severity of disability.ConclusionsThe magnitude of the association between the presence or absence of disability in children and their risk of injury was large and significant, regardless of the type or severity of the children's disabilities.     

白血病患儿及家长的心理状况及干预

目的调查白血病患儿及家长心理健康状况和疾病应对方式,为心理干预提供依据。方法采用焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、抑郁障碍自评量表、患病行为问卷、SCL-90症状自评量表、医学应对方式和应对方式问卷,对60例白血病患儿（初治和强化组各30例）、39例非恶性血液病患儿（对照组）及52例健康组儿童和家长,进行心理卫生和应对方式调查。结果与健康组相比,白血病组患儿及家长存在较多负性情绪,初治组更明显;白血病组较对照组更多采用回避和放弃方式来应对疾病,其家长的自责、求助和幻想的分数高于对照组。结论白血病儿童及家长存在较多的心理问题及消极应对方式。有效的心理干预有助于提高患儿的生活质量和改善家长的身心健康。     

Health related quality of life in children with spina bifida in Uganda

Background

Studies on health related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with disabilities in low income countries are limited.

Health information seeking and people with disability: A systematic search and scoping review

BackgroundHealth information and access to it are important aspects of maintaining health. There are 61 million people with disability in the U.S., many of whom experience health disparities. However, it may not be clear to health professionals how people with disability seek health information.ObjectiveAssess the breadth, examine the characteristics, and evaluate the risk of bias in the existing literature related to health information seeking and people with disability.MethodsThe authors conducted a systematic search across five databases (Pubmed, Scopus, PsycINFO, HealthSTAR, and CINAHL) to identify empirical journal articles related to health information seeking among people with disability. Analysis of data items and a quality assessment were completed.ResultsForty-two articles met the criteria for inclusion and were assessed. The articles primarily used survey methodology (50%), and primarily focused on ten disability types, including MS (19%), CP (17%) and general disability (17%). The articles primarily investigated the internet (88%), and healthcare providers (71%) as sources of health information. Trustworthiness (31%), accuracy (29%), and accessibility (29%) were also commonly assessed. The overall quality was high, with room for improvement in minimizing bias.ConclusionsThe literature addressing health information seeking among people with disability is heterogeneous, but generally of high quality. Future research may benefit from an inclusive definition of disability and a more consistent definition of health information. Focused research on best practices and interactions among sources of health information would be valuable additions.     

Self-reported short sleep duration among US adults by disability status and functional disability type: Results from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

BackgroundShort sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and all-cause death. A better understanding of sleep disparities between people with and without disabilities can help inform interventions designed to improve sleep duration among people with disabilities.ObjectiveTo examine population-based prevalence estimates of short sleep duration by disability status and disability type among noninstitutionalized adults aged ≥18 years.MethodsData from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to assess prevalence of short sleep duration among adults without and with disabilities (serious difficulty with cognition, hearing, mobility, or vision; any difficulty with self-care or independent living). Short sleep duration was defined as <7 h per 24-h period. We used log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for socioeconomic and health-related characteristics.ResultsAdults with any disability had a higher prevalence of short sleep duration than those without disability (43.8% vs. 31.6%; p < .001). After controlling for selected covariates, short sleep was most prevalent among adults with multiple disabilities (PR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.36–1.43), followed by adults with a single disability type (range: PR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.24 [for independent living disability] to PR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.21–1.30 [for mobility disability]) compared to adults without disability.ConclusionsPeople with disabilities had a higher likelihood of reporting short sleep duration than those without disabilities. Assessment of sleep duration may be an important component in the provision of medical care to people with disabilities.     

Explicit and implicit disability attitudes of occupational and physical therapy assistants

BackgroundReduction of explicit and implicit bias in healthcare providers is a critical issue faced by our society in moving toward more equitable and culturally appropriate health and rehabilitation care. Because resources for OT and PT services are limited and shortages in these professions exist, direct care provision by occupational and physical therapist assistants (OTA/PTA) is on the rise and valued in comprehensive rehabilitation practice. It is important to consider attitudes and biases of OTA/PTA, as they are directly involved in provision of rehabilitation services for people with disabilities.ObjectiveThis study examined the explicit and implicit disability attitudes of a large cross-section of OTA/PTA.MethodsSecondary data analysis was completed using data from 6113 OTA/PTA from the Project Implicit Disability Attitudes Implicit Association Test. Implicit attitudes were calculated and OTA/PTA explicit and implicit disability attitudes were compared. Results were further categorized using an adapted version of Son Hing et al.‘s two-dimensional model of prejudice.ResultsFindings revealed the majority of OTA/PTA reported having no explicit preference for people with disabilities or nondisabled people. However, the majority of OTA/PTA were aversive ableists, indicating low explicit and high implicit bias.ConclusionsThough explicit bias is lower in OTA/PTA, implicit bias is strong, indicating that people with disabilities face bias that may influence clinical interactions, and may be reproduced in professional education, practice, and policy. Concrete action must be taken to recognize and address disability bias to reduce health disparities in people with disabilities.     

The wellbeing of working-age adults with and without disability in the UK: Associations with age,gender, ethnicity,partnership status,educational attainment and employment status

BackgroundFew population-based studies have examined the association between disability and personal wellbeing (PWB) among working-age adults.Objective/Hypothesis: To determine: (1) the magnitude of differences in wellbeing between working-age adults with and without disability in contemporary samples representative of the UK population; and (2) whether the size of any observed differences between people with and without disability is moderated by age, gender, ethnicity, partnership status, educational attainment or employment status.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from three national cross-sectional surveys.ResultsIn each survey, people with disability scored lower than people without disability on all four indicators of PWB. Adjusting for the main effects of potentially moderating variables reduced the effect size of disability on PWB by an average of 24%. Subsequently adjusting for the two-way interaction terms between disability and potentially moderating variables reduced the effect size of disability (main effect) on PWB by an additional average of 73%. PWB among people with disability was significantly lower for: (1) men; (2) younger people; (3) those who belong to the majority ethnic group (white British); (4) those without a partner; and (5) people with lower socio-economic position.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that demographic characteristics and exposure to specific social determinants of poor health play a major role in the negative association between disability and personal wellbeing. A more sophisticated understanding of how social determinants interact to produce inequities associated with identities such as disability, gender, race, sexuality, and class (intersectionality) can inform effective policy interventions.     

成都市幼儿家长手足口病健康教育效果分析

目的了解成都市幼儿家长对手足口病相关知识的掌握情况,评价手足口病健康教育工作的效果,为今后制定预防手足口病的决策提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,选取成都市3~6岁幼儿家长1243人,干预前后以调查员询问的方式完成问卷调查。结果干预前手足口病认知得分为（7.17±1.55）分,低于干预后（8.24±1.64）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。＂干预后＂手足口病的易感人群为婴幼儿和儿童＂,＂手足口病是可防可控的疾病＂,＂目前并无预防手足口病的疫苗＂知晓率分别为99.9%、96.2%和78%,均高于预前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对幼儿家长进行手足口病的健康教育指导,可以提高幼儿家长对手足口病相关知识的认知水平,对幼儿手足口病的防控工作具有重要意义。     

A survey on feasibility of ICF-CY use to describe persisting difficulties in executing tasks and activities of children and adolescent with disability in Italy

BackgroundThe criterion for the provision of disability benefits to people under 18 in Italy is the presence of persistent difficulties in carrying out the duties and functions of their own age; however, no national guidelines are available to support the Disability Commissions in assessing such difficulties.ObjectiveThis study identified the different kinds of persisting difficulties in performing tasks and activities of children and adolescents with disability in Italy.MethodsWe used a protocol based on a selection of 55 categories taken from the Activity and Participation components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Children and Youth version. Problems were represented dividing children by age groups, and categories were selected as relevant if reported by 20% of the cases as very severe/complete problems. A count-based methodology was chosen and categories were counted at the level of domain, showing differences related to age groups. Count-based complexity and severity indexes were calculated, reflecting the global amount of problems and the portion of very severe/complete ones.ResultsOut of 415 children with disability enrolled in the study, 290 had persisting difficulties, with those referring to domestic life, major life areas and learning being the most common, and with specific age-related trends. The highest number of problems was reported for children in the 4–6 year age group.ConclusionsOur approach is meant to foster a way toward understanding disability and functioning as a continuum, based on the amount and severity of difficulties that children may have, as opposed to a categorical, diagnosis-based approach.     

Indicators of poor mental health and stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic,by disability status: A cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundEvidence from previous public health emergencies indicates that adults with disabilities have higher risk for morbidity (physical and mental) and mortality than adults without disabilities.ObjectiveTo provide estimates of mental health indicators and stressors for US adults by disability status during April and May 2020, shortly following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe analyzed data from Porter Novelli View 360 opt-in Internet panel survey conducted during the weeks of April 20th and May 18th^, 2020 among 1004 English-speaking adults aged ≥18 years without and with disabilities (serious difficulty with hearing, vision, cognition, or mobility; any difficulty with self-care or independent living). Weighted logistic regression was used to test for significant differences between calculated prevalence estimates at the P ≤ .05 level.ResultsOne in four adults reported any disability. Adults with any disability were significantly more likely than adults without disability to report current depressive symptoms, frequent mental distress, suicidal ideation, and COVID-19-related initiated or increased substance use (all p values < .0001). Adults with disabilities also reported significantly higher levels of stressors, such as access to health care services (p < .0001), difficulty caring for their own (or another’s) chronic condition (p < .0001), emotional or physical abuse from others (p < .001), and not having enough food (p < .01).ConclusionsThe disproportionately high levels of poor mental health indicators among adults with disabilities as compared to those without highlight the importance of delivering timely mental health screening and treatment/intervention during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to persons with disabilities.     

Mental health outcomes among parents of a child who has a developmental disability: Comparing different types of developmental disability

BackgroundThere is very little information on the effects of different types of developmental disability on the mental health of parents of children who have a DD.ObjectiveThis paper compared the mental health of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Down syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and other types of DD.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used to examine population-level administrative health data for mental health outcomes in cohorts of fathers and mothers of children with four different types of a DD. As well as type of DD, additional variables were examined, these included: sex of the parent, age of the parent at birth of the child with the DD, income, sex of the child with the DD, number of children in the family and place of residence.ResultsFor both fathers and mothers odds of a diagnosis of depression or another mental health problem were associated with type of DD. Parents of children with FAS experienced the greatest odds of a depression or other mental health diagnosis. Odds of a diagnosis for fathers were associated with low income. Odds of a diagnosis for mothers were associated with the sex of the child with the DD.ConclusionsThese findings are important for understanding families which include a child with a DD, as a guide for future research, and for developing effective programs and services for these parents.     

健康教育对支气管哮喘患儿的影响效果观察

目的根据临床经验,探讨健康教育对支气管患儿的影响效果观察。方法将该院从2008年3月—2010年4月收治的64例支气管哮喘患儿随机分为两组,对照组给予常规护理,试验组在常规护理的基础上给予健康教育.对两组患儿进行随访,观察其一年内的复发率,看其效果。结果实验组在复发率明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康教育对控制儿童支气管哮喘复发有积极作用,降低其复发率。     

The prevalence of disability among Roma and non-Roma children in four West Balkan countries

BackgroundVery little is known about the prevalence of disability among Roma children.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of disability and significant cognitive delay among Roma and non-Roma children aged from 2 to 17 years in four West Balkan countries.MethodsSecondary analysis of data collected in Round 6 of UNICEF's Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys. Nationally representative samples of 6290 Roma and 13,005 non-Roma children in Kosovo, Montenegro, the Republic of North Macedonia, and Serbia.ResultsRoma children were twice as likely to have a disability, a less severe disability, multiple disabilities, and severe cognitive delay than their peers and were more likely to have functional limitations in all but one of the domains investigated.ConclusionsDisability is significantly more prevalent among Roma children aged 2–17 years than among their non-Roma peers in four Western Balkan countries. Future research should focus on the extent to which differences in disability may be attributable to differential rates of exposure to a range of social determinants.     

Tri-axial accelerometer-assessed physical activity and its association with weight status in a sample of elementary-school children

Background and aimsObjective assessment of physical activity (PA) using accelerometers and pedometers has become more accurate and common practice in the study of childhood overweight. The study aimed: i) to compare PA levels and body shape of boys and girls, and assess compliance of active children with the PA recommendation; ii) to analyse associations between the risk of overweight and the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children.MethodsThe sample comprised 395 children (198 girls) aged 6–10 years. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated subsequently. A tri-axial accelerometer was used to obtain seven consecutive days of MVPA, as well as the weekly time being sedentary. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the afore-mentioned relationship among the risk of obesity and MVPA, controlling for confounders.ResultsAfter controlling for wearing time, boys spent significantly more minutes in the moderate-to-vigorous portion of PA than their female counterparts. About 47% of boys were active on week days by achieve the mean value of 60 min/day of MVPA; corresponding percentage for the weekend was just 32%. Among girls, only 22% were active on week days and 29% at the weekend. MVPA was not significantly associated with the risk of being overweight nor in female neither in male children. The final regression model revealed that girls of mothers with high educational level were less likely to be classified as overweight girls.ConclusionsFindings revealed no significantly relation between MVPA and obesity risk among Portuguese children. Future research should extend similar design to other lifestyle features of children to clarify potential predictors of being overweight at early ages.     

The experiences and perceived health benefits of individuals with a disability participating in sport: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

BackgroundSports participation has many physical and mental health benefits for individuals with a disability including improved functionality and reduced anxiety, yet a large proportion of individuals with a disability are inactive.ObjectiveTo investigate the experiences and perceived health benefits of sport participation across four disability populations: children and adolescents, adults, elite athletes and veterans with a disability.MethodsA mixed-methods systematic review was conducted. Eligible studies had participants who were children, adults, elite athletes or veterans with a physical, visual or intellectual disability. Data were extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool and quality assessment involved the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD). Content, thematic and narrative synthesis techniques were used. Confidence in cumulative evidence was determined using GRADE-CERQual and Classes of Evidence.ResultsSeveral positive aspects of sport participation were highlighted across all four populations, including socialisation opportunities, pure enjoyment, a sense of freedom and providing an arena to challenge stereotypes. The paucity of research within the ‘veterans with a disability’ group limited analysis of experiences and benefits of sport in this population.ConclusionsThis systematic review was the first to explore this phenomena, finding that overall sport is a beneficial experience for individuals with a disability. The positive aspects should be promoted when encouraging sport participation for children, adolescents, adults and elite athletes. More research is needed to explore these phenomena in veterans and to compare perceived benefits between populations to enable tailored promotion of sport.     

Interventions utilising contact with people with disabilities to improve children's attitudes towards disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Children with disabilities are often the target of prejudice from their peers. The effects of prejudice include harmful health consequences. The Contact Hypothesis has previously shown to promote positive attitudes towards a range of social groups.

The Training and Support Programme for parents of children with ataxia: parents' perspectives

The aim of the study was to assess the Training and Support Programme (TSP) among parents of children with ataxia. Twenty-seven parents and their children completed the TSP. Data were collected by home record sheets and observation sheets completed by parents and therapists, respectively, and telephone interviews with 10 parents. Benefits reported included improvements in children's stiffness, 'jumping legs', agitation, energy and activity levels, circulation, balance, eating, non-verbal communication, relaxation and happiness. One parent had become 'more accepting' of their child's ataxia. Several families attended the TSP in one location. This facilitated the development of a 'social network' of similar families caring for children with ataxia. A randomised controlled trial would be necessary to determine whether the changes reported here are in fact due to attending the TSP. Such a study would benefit from the inclusion of children as active participants in the research process.