准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术适应证的选择

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术是目前临床最常用的角膜屈光手术.术前应当严格把握适应证,特别是对角膜厚度薄、瞳孔大、顿挫型圆锥角膜或其他角膜扩张、自身免疫性疾病、单纯疱疹病毒角膜炎、青光眼、角膜的生物力学异常以及角膜屈光术后、白内障术后和穿透性角膜移植术后残留屈光不正等一些特殊患者的手术方式选择及相应处理,才能更好地提高手术成功率,并减少术后并发症.     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后角膜扩张

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（laser in situ keratomileusis，LASIK）是近几年来发展起来并逐步趋向完善的一种角膜屈光手术。LASIK术后角膜扩张是少见而严重的并发症之一，严重影响手术效果，近年来引起广泛关注。现就当前研究现状做一综述     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗远视

目的　评价准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (LASIK)治疗的效果和安全性。方法　对 16例 ( 3 0眼 )远视行LASIK。术前远视度数为 3 5 0～ 12 .5D ,平均 ( 7 0 9± 2 .62 )D。术后随访观察 12月。结果　术中无严重并发症 ,术后 3月屈光度基本稳定 ,术后 12月残余屈光度在 1 0 0D和 2 0 0D以内的分别占 40 0 0 % ( 12眼 )和 63 3 3 % ( 19眼 ) ,裸眼近视力≥ 0 .5者 3 0眼 ( 10 0 0 0 % ) ,≥ 1 0者 2 4眼 ( 80 0 0 % ) ,裸眼远视力≥ 0 .5者 2 6眼 ( 86 67% ) ,≥ 1.0者 9眼 ( 3 0 0 0 % ) ,1眼 ( 3 3 3 % )最佳矫正视力下降一行 ,5眼 ( 16 67% )有眩光。结论　LASIK治疗远视安全有效。治疗软件进一步完善及治疗参数进一步的调整将有助于提高手术的可预测性和稳定性     

准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术治疗近视

目的 评价准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术（ＬＡＳＩＫ）在治疗近视眼中的作用。方法 将６７８例（９２８只眼）近视眼患者（－２．００￣－２０．００Ｄ）分为３组：Ｉ组为－２．００￣－６．００Ｄ、Ⅱ组为－６．１０￣－１０．００Ｄ及Ⅲ组为－１０．１０￣－２０．００Ｄ,均采用ＬＡＳＩＫ进行治疗,术后平均随访１年（６￣１８个月）,并对其资料进行分析。结果 Ｉ组：术后１年时平均残余屈光度为－０．２４±０．５０Ｄ,屈光度     

未行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术的原因分析

目的:探讨未实施准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)的具体原因。方法:对574例患者经术前系统检查以及术前谈话后未实施手术的原因进行了分析。结果:574例中293例对手术有顾虑(占51.0%);角膜厚度不足61例(占10.6%);眼底病变60例(占10.4%);矫正视力不良50例(占8.7%);角膜屈光力较高40例(占7.0%);圆锥角膜13例(占2.3%);高眼压8例(占1.4%);年龄偏小、近视度数不稳定17例(占3.0%);干眼症12例(占2.1%);其它20例(占3.5%)。结论:LASIK手术有明显的选择性和严格的适应证。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术与干眼症

干眼症是常见的眼表疾病 ,随着角膜屈光手术 ,尤其是准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (laserinsitukeratomileusis,LASIK)的广泛开展 ,干眼症的发病率也逐年上升。LASIK术前大多数患者有干眼症 ,术后必然发生干眼症 ,从而影响LASIK的手术效果。我们就干眼症的诊断、LASIK引起干眼症的机制进行综述 ,并提出防治措施。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗高度近视

目的评价准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗高度近视的疗效。方法采用LASIK治疗高度近视186例308眼,按术前屈光度将患者分为2组。对1a随访结果进行统计分析。结果A组术前近视-6.0～-10.0D(等值球镜,下同)术后1a裸眼视力达到0.5和1.0者分别为95.76%和77.58%,剩余屈光度为-0.32D±0.46D。B组术前近视-10.25～-20.00D,术后1a裸眼视力达0.5和1.0者分别为62.24%和37.06%.剩余屈光度-0.92D±1.13D。结论LASIK治疗高度近视安全有效,并有较好的预测性和稳定性。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术中角膜瓣保湿技术

目的：探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（ｌａｓｅｒ ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ ｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｅｕｓｉｓ,ＬＡＳＩＫ）中角膜瓣干燥的预防方法。方法：完成角膜瓣制作后常夫将瓣自身反折,将瓣的颞侧缘与瓣的近蒂部平齐,依靠瓣的基质面的微量水份的表面张力吸附折叠。结果：选择双眼接受ＬＡＳＩＫ的患者３０例,右眼为保湿组,左眼为对照组,激光切事后见保湿组无一眼瓣干燥,对照组２６眼瓣干燥,占８６．７％。结论：角膜瓣折叠保湿     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术的护理

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)作为一种新型屈光矫正手术已在国内广泛开展,其安全性、有效性、稳定性和可预测性已被越来越多的人们所接受。通过对我院1012例(2007眼)实施LASIK手术的患者进行临床观察,发现良好的护理对取得满意的手术效果至关重要。现报告如下:     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后角膜扩张

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(1aser in situ keratomileusis，LASIK)后角膜扩张是近年才认识的LASIK术后的一种并发症，其发生率不高，但可导致患视力严重损害，且不可逆转。本对其发病机制、组织病理学、临床特征和治疗等进行综述。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术的并发症

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术是目前最常见的一种角膜屈光手术,但是它仍然存在并发症,如角膜瓣相关并发症、准分子激光消融的并发症、弥漫性角膜炎、感染性角膜炎、角膜瓣下上皮植入、干眼、医源性圆锥角膜及视网膜病变等,只有尽早作出诊断并进行相关处理,才能提高手术成功率.     

LASEK治疗LASIK术后屈光欠矫

目的 :探讨准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术 (LASEK)治疗准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (LASIK)术后屈光欠矫的疗效。方法 :对LASIK术后屈光欠矫的 11例 (2 0只眼 )施行LASEK。结果 :术后 6个月视力和屈光度趋于稳定 ,术后 3个月角膜Haze 0级者 15只眼 ,0 5级者 4只眼 ,1级者 1只眼。术后 6个月 ,裸眼视力≥ 0 6、≥ 1 0者分别为 2 0只眼 (10 0 % )、14只眼 (70 % )。屈光度≤± 1 0 0D者为 19只眼 (95 % )。结论 :LASEK治疗LASIK术后屈光欠矫安全 ,有效。     

LASIK术后继发性圆锥角膜研究进展

继发性圆锥角膜是激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)后最严重的并发症之一,临床表现为最佳矫正视力下降、散光增加、屈光回退、暗视力问题、角膜地形图异常、角膜前凸、进行性的角膜变薄等,本文就其病因、诊断、预防和治疗作一综述。     

Ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The potential for litigation has resulted in increased interest in ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis. This article summarizes papers written during this past year on this subject. RECENT FINDINGS: A panel of refractive surgery experts have summarized the current state of knowledge on this subject and provided guidelines to minimize risk. Because ectasia may occur in the absence of risk factors, there may be corneas with biomechanical factors not detectable with present technology which are at risk. Several articles point out the limitations of the Orbscan (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, New York, USA), in particular its accuracy and reproducibility with regard to data generated from the posterior surface of the cornea. A biomechanical model of the cornea is proposed which suggests that each cornea's response to laser in situ keratomileusis is unique. Several case reports are also reviewed which provide insight into pathogenesis and potential new treatment options; these include reports on histopathology, topographic pseudokeratectasia, ectasia from transient raised intraocular pressure, poor response to laser in situ keratomileusis after incisional surgery, intracorneal rings, collagen cross-linking and conductive keratoplasty to stabilize and sphericize the cornea with ectasia. SUMMARY: Our knowledge about ectasia is still in evolution. Insights into the biomechanics and genetics of the cornea may allow us to further reduce its occurrence.     

二次LASIK手术治疗近视欠矫

评价再次ＬＡＳＩＫ矫正残余近视的效果,可预测性、安全性。方法对４０只眼ＬＡＳＩＫ术后屈光欠矫的患者行二次手术,两次手术间隔时间３－２４个月。分别在二次术后３天、１、３和６个月随访观察。结果术后各随访时间患眼平均裸眼视力较术前明显提高,最佳矫正视力与术前无显著差异,术后后平均屈光度较术前减,差异有显著性,切削直径适量增大可减术后屈光回退;结论二次ＬＡＳＩＫ手术是必要、安全、可行的。     

Cyclotorsion during laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To determine the magnitude of cyclotorsion during excimer laser ablation using a dynamic iris eye tracker. SETTING: Guy Hugh Chan Refractive Surgery Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 245 eyes (137 patients) that had laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia with or without astigmatism by the same surgeon. The magnitude of cyclotorsion during LASIK was recorded as the maximum, average, and minimum positions according to the angle of deviation displayed on the excimer laser computer screen. Measurements of cyclotorsion were performed during laser ablation. RESULTS: The mean total cyclotorsion was 2.181 degrees +/- 1.392 (SD) (range 0.0 to 13.3 degrees). The mean average position (AP) was +0.134 +/- 1.851 degrees (range -7.0 degrees [excyclotorsion] to +12.6 degrees [incyclotorsion]). Forty-five eyes (18.4%) had an AP greater than +/-2 degrees, and 168 eyes (68.6%) deviated from the zero position at the onset of laser ablation. The mean incyclotorsion was 2.136 +/- 1.440 degrees (78 eyes, 31.8%) and the mean excyclotorsion, 1.772 +/- 0.809 degrees (78 eyes, 31.8%). Eighty-six eyes (35.1%) had cyclotorsion in both directions (mixed cyclotorsion). The mean cyclotorsion was 2.670 +/- 1.588 degrees. Eight (3.3%) of the 109 patients having simultaneous bilateral LASIK had bilateral incyclotorsion or bilateral excyclotorsion. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclotorsion occurs before and during laser ablation. An active rotational eye tracker is fundamental to compensate for cyclotorsion and to enable greater precision in excimer laser ablation delivery.     

Retreatment after laser in situ keratomileusis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) retreatment for correcting residual myopia.DesignRetrospective noncomparative case series.Participants and interventionFifty-nine consecutive eyes (43 patients) underwent LASIK retreatment at 3 or 6 months after the primary LASIK procedure. Lifting the corneal flap and reablating the stromal bed with a VISX 20/20 excimer laser was the procedure used for LASIK enhancement.Main outcome measuresThe following parameters were studied before and after retreatment: visual acuity, refraction, videokeratography, applanation tonometry, and corneal thickness. Complications after LASIK enhancement also were evaluated. Follow-up was 12 months.ResultsBefore retreatment, only 3.38% of eyes (2 of 59) had an uncorrected visual acuity of 0.5 (20/40) or better, and after retreatment, this percentage increased to 60% (30 of 50) at 6 months and 61.8% (34 of 55) at 12 months. After reoperation, mean best-corrected visual acuity improved by half a line over the values before retreatment. The preretreatment refraction of −2.92 ± 1.22 diopters (D) (mean ± standard deviation) decreased significantly to −0.44 ± 0.80 D at 6 months and to −0.61 ± 0.82 D at 12 months (P < 0.001). In 82% of eyes (41 of 50) at 6 months and 81.8% (45 of 55) at 12 months, the spherical equivalent was within 1.00 D of emmetropia. There was a significant regression of effect (0.38 D) between 3 and 12 months (P < 0.01). Postretreatment refraction was related to the original refraction before the primary LASIK, the preretreatment refraction, and the ablation diameter used. Although no vision-threatening complications were found, epithelial ingrowth and flap melting were more common after than before LASIK retreatment, with 31% of eyes at 12 months with epithelial ingrowth and 10.9% with flap melting. However, LASIK enhancement improved decentration and night-vision problems.ConclusionsLASIK retreatment was an effective and predictable procedure for correcting residual myopia. Epithelial ingrowth and flap melting were more frequent after than before LASIK retreatment, whereas decentration and night-vision symptoms improved.     

Autorefractometry after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To correlate cycloplegic subjective refraction with cycloplegic autorefractometry in eyes that have had laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTING: Vlemma Eye Institute, Athens, Greece. METHODS: Subjective refraction and autorefractometry under cycloplegia were performed in 73 eyes of 46 patients 1, 6, and 12 months after LASIK to correct myopia or myopic astigmatism. The preoperative subjective refraction and autorefractometry under cycloplegia in the same eyes served as controls. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference between subjective refraction and autorefraction was found in the sphere and cylinder at all postoperative times. No statistically significant difference was found in the axis. There was no statistically significant difference in the control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Automated refractometry in eyes that had had LASIK was reliable in the axis only. Retreatments after LASIK should always be based on subjective refraction.