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We aimed to determine the prevalence of peripheral artery disease and its associated factors among diabetics. The cross-sectional study was conducted and included all diabetics admitted to the diabetic clinic at the Parakou University hospital during the period of 1st February and 31st July 2013. The diagnosis of peripheral artery disease was based on the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) < 0.9. The socio-demographics data, the data concerning the diabetes and its complications were recorded in each patient. They were 401 diabetics and 59.5 % were females. The mean age was 53.7 ± 11.5 years. Among the diabetics, 168 fulfilled the criteria of PAD, the overall prevalence was 41.9 %. In total, 31.5 % were symptomatics according to Leriche and Fontaine classification. The main associated factors were the increase of age (P = 0.01), the absence of activity with high income (P = 0.004), the absence of physical activity (P = 0.023), the duration of diabetes (P = 0.007), the presence of peripheral neuropathy (P = 0.003), the glycosylated hemoglobin  7 % (P < 0.001). After a multivariate analysis, only diabetes control was independently associated with arteriopathy (P = 0,004). The PAD was more frequent among diabetics in Parakou. The associated factors must be taken into account in order to improve the management of the disease and to reduce the burden of the PAD.  相似文献   

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Rosaceae allergy is the fourth most frequent food allergy in Spanish children whereas it is rare in French children. The aim of the present study was to analyse the natural history of Rosaceae allergy in French children living in the Mediterranean area and to underline its specificities. We reviewed the case records of 22 children. The diagnosis of Rosaceae allergy was based on the clinical history and confirmed by skin prick tests with fresh foods and with commercial extracts and the Pharmacia CAP-RAST. Sensitivity to birch was also assessed by prick tests. The patients were divided into two groups: 12 children who were sensitised to Rosaceae and to birch pollen and eight who were sensitised to Roseacea only. The diagnostic value of prick tests with commercial extracts for Roseacea allergy was poor in both of these groups. The birch-negative group had become allergic to peaches first, and all of these children were sensitive to extracts of the cooked native fruits that were responsible for their clinical reactivity. Severe allergic reactions had occurred more frequently in this group. Prick tests with commercial extracts were positive only in this group. In contrast, the birch-positive group was more frequently allergic to apples, and the oral allergy syndrome was common among them. The median level of sensitisation to fresh fruits was also higher in this group. French children living in the Mediterranean appear to have a specific Rosaceae sensitisation profile: 60% of them have a Northern Europe profile (birch–apple allergy) and 40% of them have a Spanish–Italian profile (lipid-transfer protein allergy).  相似文献   

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Several recent cross-sectional epidemiological surveys have demonstrated a significantly lower prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopy in farmers compared to people living in rural areas without farming activities. This protective effect does seem to be related to contact with livestock and cattle through regular exposure to Gram negative bacteria and endotoxins, which stimulate the Th1 pathways. However, such compounds have detrimental effects in patients with established asthma.  相似文献   

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Skin tests (prick and intradermal) were performed with vaccines containing diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens (D.P.T.Pol.Hib), and with selected components of the vaccines in 30 children reporting reactions suggestive of allergy to these vaccines. Serum-specific IgE and IgG against components of the vaccines were also studied. Immediate responses in skin tests and specific IgE determinations strongly suggested the diagnosis of immediate-type hypersensitivity to tetanus or diphtheria toxoids in ten children (33.3%), including four of the six children with anaphylaxis, and six of the 16 children with urticaria and angioedema. In the other 20 children, immediate, semi-late and late responses in skin tests and specific IgE determinations were negative. Booster immunizations were given with monovalent or bivalent vaccines in 14 of these children, and were well tolerated. Our results suggest that most large local reactions and mild to moderately severe generalized skin reactions to multivalent vaccines are not allergic, but instead result from a nonspecific inflammatory reaction. However, our results show that toxoids may induce immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions in children, and suggest that skin tests with vaccines and vaccine components, and the determination of specific IgE against vaccine components, are of diagnostic value in children with anaphylaxis, and immediate and accelerated urticaria and angioedema induced by booster injections of multivalent vaccines.  相似文献   

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PurposeAortic stiffness is a functional and structural consequence of ageing and arteriosclerosis. Regional arterial stiffness can be easily evaluated using pOpmetre® (Axelife SAS, France). This new technique assesses the pulse wave transit time (TT) between the finger (TTf) and the toe (TTt). Based on height chart, regional pulse wave velocity (PWV) between the toe and the finger can be estimated (PWVtf). pOpscore® index is also calculated as the ratio between PWVtoe and PWVfinger and can be considered as a peripheral vascular stiffness index. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between pOpmetre® indices and the presence of carotid plaques in a population with cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsIn 77 consecutive patients recruited for a vascular screening for atherosclerosis (46 men aged 54 ± 2 years; 31 women aged 49 ± 3 years; ns), the difference between TTt and TTf (called Dt-f), the regional pulse wave velocity between the toe and the finger (PWVtf = constant × height/Dt-f m/s) and pOpscore® were measured by pOpmetre®. Presence of carotid plaques was assessed using ultrasound imaging. The local aortic stiffness (AoStiff) was evaluated by the Physioflow® system.ResultsNo difference was found between patients with or without carotid plaques (n = 25 versus 52) for Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI: 1.15 ± 0.04 versus 1.12 ± 0.03), nor for diastolic or systolic blood pressure (87 ± 3 versus 82 ± 2; 137 ± 3 versus 132 ± 2 mmHg). The first group was older than the second (59 ± 2 versus 49 ± 2 years, P < 0.002) with a larger intimae media thickness (0.69 ± 0.02 versus 0.63 ± 0.01 mm, P < 0.004), a higher AoStiff (10.4 ± 0.7 versus 8.2 ± 0.5 m/s, P < 0.02), and PWVtf (14.3 ± 1.0 versus 10.7 ± 0.7 m/s, P < 0.004) and a shorter Dt-f (57.9 ± 5.1 versus 73.5 ± 3.5 ms, P < 0.01). PWVtf (r2 = 0.49, P < 0.0001) and Dt-f (r2 = 0.54, P < 0.0001) correlated with age. A significant difference in pOpscore® index was observed between both groups (1.51 ± 0.3 versus 1.41 ± 0.2, P < 0.006).ConclusionOur results show a significant arterial stiffness indices measured by pOpmetre® in patients with and without carotid plaques.  相似文献   

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Résumé

Problème: Le dépistage VIH chez les enfants a rarement été au centre des préoccupations des chercheurs. Quand le dépistage pédiatrique a retenu l'attention, cela a été pour éclairer seulement sur les performances diagnostiques en ignorant même que le test pédiatrique comme bien d'autres peut s'accepter ou se refuser. Cet article met au c?ur de son analyse les raisons qui peuvent expliquer qu'on accepte ou qu'on refuse de faire dépister son enfant.

Objectif: Etudier chez les parents, les mères, les facteurs explicatifs de l'acceptabilité du test VIH des nourrissons de moins de six mois.

Méthodes: Entretien semi-directif à passages répétés avec les parents de nourrissons de moins de six mois dans les formations sanitaires pour la pesée/vaccination et les consultations pédiatriques avec proposition systématique d'un test VIH pour leur nourrisson.

Résultats: Nous retenons que la réalisation effective du test pédiatrique du VIH chez le nourrisson repose sur trois éléments.

Primo, le personnel de santé par son discours (qui dénote de ses connaissances et perceptions même sur l'infection) orienté vers les mères influence leur acceptation ou non du test. Secundo, la mère qui par ses connaissances et perceptions même sur le VIH, dont le statut particulier, l'impression de bien-être chez elle et son enfant influence toute réalisation du test pédiatrique VIH. Tertio, l'environnement conjugal de la mère, particulièrement caractérisé par les rapports au sein du couple, sur la facilité de parler du test VIH et sa réalisation chez les deux parents ou chez la mère seulement sont autant de facteurs qui influencent la réalisation effective du dépistage du VIH chez l'enfant.

Le principe préventif du VIH, et le désir de faire tester l'enfant ne suffisent pas à eux seuls pour aboutir à sa réalisation effective, selon certaines mères confrontées au refus du conjoint. A l'opposé, les autres mères refusant la réalisation du test pédiatrique disent s'y opposer ; bien entendu, même dans le cas où le conjoint l'accepterait.

Discussion: Les mères sont les principales mises en cause et craignent les réprimandes et la stigmatisation. Le père, le conjoint peut être un obstacle, quand il s'oppose au test VIH du nourrisson, ou devenir le facilitateur de sa réalisation s'il est convaincu. Le positionnement du père demeure donc essentiel dans la question de l'acceptabilité du VIH pédiatrique. Les mères en ont conscience et présagent des difficultés à faire dépister ou non les enfants sans avis préalable du conjoint à la fois père, et chef de famille.

Conclusion: La question du dépistage pédiatrique du VIH, au terme de notre analyse, met en face trois éléments qui exigent une gestion globale pour assurer une couverture effective. Ces trois éléments n'existeraient pas sans s'influencer, donc ils sont constamment en interaction et empêchent ou favorisent la réalisation ou non du test pédiatrique. Aussi, dans une intention d'aboutir à une couverture effective du dépistage VIH des nourrissons, faut-il tenir compte d'une gestion harmonieuse de ces trois éléments: La première, la mère seule (avec ses connaissances, ses perceptions), son environnement conjugal (de proposition du test intégrant 1- l’époux et / ou père de l'enfant avec ses perceptions et connaissances sur l'infection 2- la facilité de parler du test et sa réalisation chez les deux ou un des parents, la mère) et les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques du personnel de l’établissement sanitaire sur l'infection du VIH.

Recommandations: Nos recommandations proposent une redéfinition de l'approche du VIH/sida vers des familles exposées au VIH et une intégration plus accentuée du père facilitant leur propre acceptation du test VIH et celle de leur enfant.  相似文献   

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