2013-2014年季节性流行性感冒疫苗免疫血清针对我国流行株的抗体水平分析

目的 分析季节性流行性感冒(流感)疫苗免疫血清针对我国流行株的抗体水平及我国流行株与疫苗株的匹配性. 方法 采集不同年龄组人群疫苗接种前后的血清,利用流感流行株和疫苗株作为病毒抗原,应用血凝抑制试验(HI)方法对血清进行检测. 结果 三价流感疫苗对我国A(H1N1)Pdm09亚型流行株产生的抗体平均几何滴度(GMT)低于针对疫苗株病毒的GMT,血清抗体滴度 40的比例为57.0%～63.3%;对我国A(H3N2)亚型流行株产生的GMT与针对疫苗株病毒的GMT类似,血清抗体滴度超过40的比例为57.6%～63.0%;对B型流行株产生的血清抗体GMT低于针对疫苗株的GMT,不过超过了疫苗株抗体GMT的50%.不同年龄组的血清抗体反应不同,成年组相对较高. 结论 2013-2014年季节性流感疫苗与同期流行的A(H1N1)Pdm09亚型流感病毒和B型流行株Yamagata系流感病毒较为匹配;H3N2亚型疫苗与流行株的匹配性较低,有可能会导致疫苗的保护效果降低.     

泉州市流感疫情实验室检测及H3N2亚型基因特性分析

目的 了解2009年泉州地区流感流行及病毒株的变异情况,探讨流感病毒基因的变异与流感流行的关系.方法 对泉州市198例流感患者的咽拭子采用MDCK细胞培养进行病毒分离,经血清学试验鉴定分型和实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测病毒核酸.对其中4株毒株提取病毒RNA,采用RT-PCR扩增病毒HA1基因,纯化产物进行核苷酸序列测定,用DNAstar megalign软件分析基因.结果 198份咽拭子中有98份为H3N2亚型流感病毒核酸阳性,分离到62株H3N2亚型流感病毒,HA1基因经核苷酸序列测定显示,其基因特性更接近于A/Ningbo/333/2008,核苷酸同源性为98.7%,与A/Xiamen/70/2004的同源性为96.8%,由HA1基因核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸系列与疫苗株A/Brisbane/10/2007相比,有7个氨基酸位点发生变异,其中有1个位点位于抗原决定簇A区(144),有2个位点位于抗原决定簇B区(158、189),种系发生树分析也证实HA1基因存在一定差异.结论引起2009年泉州市流感在部分集体单位流行的病毒为H3N2亚型,其基因特性和抗原性与疫苗株相比均发生了一定变异.

Abstract：

Objective To obtain the information of the 2009 influenza outbreak and the variations of influenza virus strains in quanzhou, and explore the relationship between the genetic variation of influenza virus and influenza epidemic. Methods During the influenza outbreak in quanzhou,one hundred and ninetyeight throat swabs specimens from the patients with influenza were collected. Viruses were isolated with MDCK cells and identified with serological test, followed by real-time RT-PCR. RNA of four influenza virus strains were extracted, then HA1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR. The purified PCR products were sequenced. The data were analyzed with the software DNAstar megalign. Results Total 98 pieces of H3N2 subtype influenza virus nucleic acid were detected in 198 throat swabs specimens,among which 62 influenza virus strains were identified as subtype influenza A( H3N2 ). The sequencing results of HA1 gene in these positive strains showed that their genetic characterization were more closed to strains A/Ningbo/333/2008 with a nucleotide homology of 98.7%, which was 96.8% as compared with A/Xiamen/70/2004. The amino acids sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences in HA1 region of the isolated strain had 7 mutant sites compared with A/Brisbane/10/2007 vaccine strain. One variant amino acids were found located in the antigenic determinant sites A( 144 ), two were in the sites B( 158,189 ). Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the difference in HAl domain. Conclusion The influenza virus strains causing the flu outbreak among some communities of quanzhou in 2009 are subtype influenza A ( H3N2 ), whose genetic characterization and antigenicity were different from the vaccine strain.     

2020-2021年广西Victoria系乙型流感病毒的抗原性及基因特性分析

目的 了解广西壮族自治区（广西）2020—2021年度B/Victoria(Bv)系流感病毒的抗原性及基因特征。方法 选取广西2020—2021年分离的36株Bv系流感毒株进行全基因组测序,并对血凝素（hemagglutinin,HA）和神经氨酸酶（neuraminidase,NA）基因进行序列拼接和基因特性分析。同时采用血凝抑制实验进行抗原性分析。结果 2020—2021年广西分离的Bv系流感病毒与WHO推荐的疫苗株B/Washington/02/2019相比,HA和NA基因的核苷酸同源性分别为99.1%～100.0%和99.1%～99.9%。系统进化树分析发现这36株Bv系流感毒株均属于1A(?3)B分支,与疫苗株属于同一分支,但广西毒株又进一步分为两个小分支。抗原性分析显示这两个小分支没有明显差异,均为疫苗株的类似株。氨基酸变异位点分析发现,HA蛋白携带R133G、N150K、N197D的氨基酸突变,变异涉及3个抗原决定簇。NA蛋白的酶活位点和神经氨酸酶抑制剂耐药位点均未发生突变。结论 2020—2021年度广西流行的Bv系流感病毒与WHO推荐的北半球疫苗株的组分匹配但存在持续变...     

2015-2017年浙江省衢州市H3N2亚型流感病毒血凝素基因分子进化特征分析

目的 了解浙江省衢州市2015－2017年H3N2亚型流感病毒血凝素（HA）基因分子进化特征,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法 选取衢州市2015－2017年分离到的H3N2亚型流感病毒18株,通过RT-PCR扩增病毒HA基因片段并测序,采用生物信息学软件分析其分子进化特征。结果 18株H3N2亚型流感病毒HA基因的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为97.36%~100.00%和96.76%~100.00%,与同年度疫苗株HA基因的核苷酸平均遗传距离分别为0.008 2、0.007 1和0.011 2,氨基酸平均遗传距离分别为0.009 2、0.003 1和0.010 0。分离株的HA基因分支从3C.3a转变为3C.2a支系,其HA氨基酸序列与同年度疫苗株比较,变异位点共涉及HA蛋白的5个抗原表位（A、B、C、D和E区）,2个受体结合位点（T131K、T135N/K）,6个潜在糖基化位点（122NES、126NWT、133NGT、135NSS、144NSS、158NYT）。结论 2015－2017年衢州市H3N2亚型流感病毒可能出现了抗原漂移,当前疫苗株A/HongKong/4801/2014的免疫效果需重新评估。     

甲型H1N1流感死亡病例三株病毒分离株血凝素基因测序分析

目的 对长沙市3株甲型H1N1流感死亡病例病毒分离株HA基因的来源和变异情况进行研究.方法 对长沙市的3例甲型H1N1流感死亡病例的鼻/咽拭子标本进行RT-PCR检测和流感病毒分离,利用WHO推荐的测序引物和CEQTM8000 Genetic Analysis System对3株甲型H1N1流感死亡病例病毒株[A/湖南开福/SWL4142/2009(H1N1),A/湖南长沙/SWL4346/2009(H1 N1),A/湖南芙蓉/SWL4224/2009(H1N1)]HA基因进行测序,测序方法为末端标记循环法(Dye Terminator Cycle sequencing),测序结果提交至GenBank,并用ClustalX和Mega4.1软件对测序结果进行氨基酸比对分析和构建进化树.结果 A/湖南开福/SWL4142/2009(H1N1),A/湖南长沙/SWL4346/2009(H1N1)和A/湖南芙蓉/SWL4224/2009(H1N1)3株病毒株HA基因序列分别与甲型H1 N1流感病毒A/NewYork/3502/2009(H1N1),A/Shanghai/71T/2009(H1N1)和A/Chita/01/2009(H1N1)分离株高度同源,同源性为99%,与国内甲型H1N1流感病毒株A/Sichuan/1/2009(H1N1)核苷酸同源性在99.5%以上;进化树分析显示包括3株病毒株在内的甲型H1N1流感病毒与A/Swine/Indiana/P12439/00亲缘关系近,但与人季节性A流感病毒(H1N1)、禽流感亲缘关系较远.与A/Swine/Indiana/P12439/00 HA基因比较发现:3株病毒株HA基因分别有28、30、27个氨基酸发生变异,但3株病毒株在21个重要抗原位点中只有一个R53K氨基酸替换;对全球364条甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因序列进行多重比对发现有119个非保守氨基酸位点,其中5个位于重要抗原位点.结论 3株病毒株和其他甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因可能由北美猪流感病毒变异而来;3株病毒株HA基因与国内外甲型H1N1流感病毒高度同源,同全球绝大多数甲型H1N1流感病毒一样处于稳定状态.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗献血者血清中血凝素IgG抗体的检测

目的研制甲型H1N1流感(甲型流感)血凝素(HA)IgG抗体(抗-HAIgG)检测试剂,并用于对献血人群中甲型流感疫苗(甲流疫苗)接种者的抗-HAIgG检测。方法克隆表达甲型流感HA表位抗原(18-243aa),制备出酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)抗-HA试剂,并对106份甲型流感流行前的献血者血清(甲型流感前组)、97份接种甲流疫苗后的献血者血清(接种甲流疫苗组)做抗-HAIgG检测。结果甲型流感前组:4例抗-HAIgG为阳性,102例阴性,阳性率为3.77%(4/106);甲流疫苗组:78例抗-HAIgG为阳性,19例阴性,阳性率为80.41%(78/97)。结论ELISA法检测甲型流感抗-HAIgG试剂具有较高的特异性、灵敏度和安全性,其在献血人群中的甲型H1N1病毒感染的流行病学调查、疫苗免疫血浆的筛选方面,具有一定的应用价值。     

Influenza vaccine showed a good preventive effect against influenza-associated hospitalization among elderly patients,during the 2016/17 season in Japan

The 2016/17 influenza season in Japan was characterized by a predominance of influenza A (H3N2) activity; with H3N2 accounting for 85% of all detected influenza virus infections.We assessed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4) in adult patients, using a test-negative case-control design study based on the results of a rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT).Between November 2016 and March 2017, a total of 1048 adult patients were enrolled: including 363 RIDT positive for influenza A, 9 RIDT-positive for influenza B, and 676 RIDT-negative.During the 2016/17 season, the overall adjusted VE was 28.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.3–46%). The adjusted VE against influenza A was 27.4% (95%CI: 4.4–45%). The VE against influenza B could not be estimated because of the very low number of influenza B patients.Twenty-nine patients were hospitalized due to influenza-associated illness-during the present study, all of whom were infected with influenza A virus.The adjusted VE, determined using a case-control study, for preventing hospitalization for influenza A infection was 72.6% (95%CI: 30.7–89.1%). In addition, the VE for preventing hospitalization of influenza patients with comorbidities was 78.2% (95%CI: 41.1–92%).Our study showed that, during the 2016/17season, IIV4 was effective for preventing both the onset of influenza and influenza-associated hospitalization.     

2013年宜春市甲型H1N1流感病毒分离鉴定及HA基因分子进化分析

目的 对2013年江西省宜春市甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因序列及其编码的氨基酸序列进行分子进化分析,为防控甲型H1N1流感大流行和常规监测提供科学根据。方法 随机选择11株2013年宜春市疾病预防控制中心流感监测实验室分离到的甲型H1N1流感病毒毒株,提取病毒RNA,One-step RT-PCR扩增HA基因并双向测序。以世界卫生组织疫苗推荐株A/California/07/2009(H1N1)(GenBank:CY121680)和几株国内外近几年分离的流感甲型H1N1毒株的HA基因为参考序列,采用DNAStar 7.0和Mega 5.0软件对HA基因及其编码的氨基酸序列进行比对,绘制分子进化树,进行HA变异分析。结果 2013年宜春市11株所测甲型H1N1流感病毒与疫苗推荐株亲缘性较近,进一步参考几株国内外近几年分离到的流感甲型H1N1毒株,HA没有发生较大变异;其HA基因序列二硫键、糖基化位点未发生变异;尽管有7株毒株同时在抗原决定簇区A区和受体结合位点130环或其附近发生单个位点氨基酸替换变异,但未形成流行病学变异新种。结论 目前的甲型H1N1流感疫苗仍对人群有保护作用,而抗原决定簇和受体结合位点的变异提示仍需要密切关注甲型H1N1流感的再次流行。     

2018－2020年上海市B/Victoria系流感病毒的流行特征及基因特性分析

  目的  分析2018 — 2020年上海市分离的B/Victoria系流感毒株与疫苗株的匹配性及基因变异情况。  方法  利用血凝抑制实验,对142株B/Victoria系流感毒株进行了抗原性分析,并选取了63株开展了血凝素（HA）及神经氨酸酶（NA）基因序列分析。  结果  2018 — 2020年上海市流行的B/Victoria系流感毒株主要属于V1A.3分支,少数属于V1A.1分支及未缺失的V1A分支;抗原性分析显示,26.76%的流行株是疫苗株B/Colorado/06/2017鸡胚株的低反应株,与疫苗株相比,V1A.3分支流行株在HA蛋白的120环、150环、160环及190螺旋等关键的抗原决定簇及受体结合关键部位发生了5个氨基酸位点改变。  结论  2018 — 2020监测年度B/Victoria系流行株与世界卫生组织推荐的疫苗株组分B/Colorado/06/2017匹配性不佳,仍需密切监测流行株的谱系及变异情况,为疫苗株的筛选提供可靠的数据。     

2017-2019年度上海市松江区A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒HA和NA基因特征分析

目的 分析上海市松江区2017-2019监测年度A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒HA和NA基因特征.方法 对松江区分离的毒株随机挑选46株A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒毒株进行HA和NA基因序列进化分析和氨基酸位点变异分析,采用神经氨酸酶抑制实验开展奥司他韦和扎那米韦敏感性监测.结果 A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒...     

马鞍山地区606例流感样病例病毒分离和监测分析

目的阐明2005年10月至2006年4月马鞍山地区流行性感冒(流感)流行特点和流感病毒优势株的特性。方法流感病毒分离采用细胞分离;流感病毒亚型鉴定采用血球凝集抑制试验。结果2005年10月至2006年4月,全市3家国家流感监测哨点医院共采集流感样患者咽拭子标本共计606份,经鉴定流感病毒阳性69株,分离率11.4%。在69株流感病毒中,A1型14株、B型流感病毒Victoria55株,分别占总分离数的20.3%和79.7%,未分离到A3型和B型流感病毒Yamagada。优势流行株为H1N1和B型Victoria株。A1型流感病毒主要分离于2006年1月和2月,而B型Victoria系流感病毒主要集中分离于2￣4月。结论马鞍山地区感染人群的流感毒株依然以A型(H1N1)和B型Victoria为优势株。与全国监测相比,B型Victoria分离比例高。     

2006-2007年云南省红河州流行性感冒监测结果与分析

目的了解2006-2007年云南省红河州流行性感冒（流感）的流行特点,探讨优势株的变化。方法采集疑似流感患者咽拭子,接种于MDCK细胞于34 ℃ CO2培养箱内进行病毒分离,培养液进行血凝试验,阳性标本进行分型鉴定。结果全年哨点医院共采集咽拭子标本991份,分离得到123株流感病毒,阳性率12.4%,其中H1N1 37株,H3N2 41株,Victoria 42株,Yamagata 1株,待定2株。各县（市）疾病预防控制中心采集疑似流感患者咽拭子56份,分离得到39株流感病毒,阳性率69.6%。均为B型Victoria系流感病毒。结论在2006-2007年监测年度中,2006年3-6月以B型Victoria系毒株为主,2006年7-9月以H1N1为主,2007年1-3月以H3N2为主。疑似流感疫情均为B型Victoria系。     

Duration of fever and other symptoms after the inhalation of laninamivir octanoate hydrate in the 2016/17 Japanese influenza season; comparison with the 2011/12 to 2015/16 seasons

The duration of fever and symptoms after laninamivir octanoate hydrate (laninamivir) inhalation were investigated in the Japanese 2016/17 influenza season and the results were compared with those of the 2011/12 to 2015/16 seasons. A total of 1278 patients were evaluated for the duration of fever and symptoms in the six studied seasons. In the 2016/17 season, the influenza types/subtypes of the patients were 6 A (H1N1)pdm09 (2.9%), 183 A (H3N2) (87.6%), and 20 B (9.6%). The respective median durations of fever for A (H1N1)pdm09, A (H3N2), and B were 38.0, 33.0, and 38.5 h, without significant difference (p = 0.9201), and the median durations of symptoms were 86.5, 73.0, and 99.0 h, with significant difference (p = 0.0342).The median durations of fever and symptoms after laninamivir inhalation were quite consistent for the six studied seasons for A (H1N1)pdm09, A (H3N2), and B, without any significant differences. The percentage of patients with unresolved fever patients displayed a similar pattern through the six studied seasons for all these virus types.There was no significant difference in the duration of fever or symptoms between the Victoria and Yamagata lineages in the 2016/17 season and those of the previous studied seasons. Over the seasons tested, ten adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported from 1341 patients. The most frequent ADR was diarrhea and all ADRs were self-resolving and not serious. These results indicate the continuing clinical effectiveness of laninamivir against influenza A (H1N1)pdm09, A (H3N2), and B, with no safety issues.     

2014年浙江省丽水市人感染H7N9禽流感病毒分离株基因特征分析

目的 测定浙江省丽水市1株H7N9禽流感病毒8个基因序列,从分子水平分析其基因特征和遗传变异特点。方法 对人感染H7N9禽流感确诊病例标本在P3实验室进行犬肾传代细胞培养;反转录-聚合酶链反应扩增病毒8个RNA片段后测定基因序列;通过生物信息学软件将8个序列与GISAID和GenBank数据库下载的序列进行多重比对和匹配,发现基因特征,分析病毒关键位点的分子变异情况,最大似然法绘制系统进化树用于基因进化分析。结果 从病例标本中分离到病毒:A/Zhejiang/LS01/2014(H7N9),测序获得8个基因核苷酸全序列。HA裂解位点只包含2个碱性氨基酸,HA蛋白受体结合关键氨基酸位点发生A134T、G186V和Q226L变异;在PB2蛋白上发现E627K突变;M2蛋白上发现耐药位点S31N。LS01株HA基因与A/chicken/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9)的同源性最高(98.90%),NA基因与A/chicken/Changzhou/C08/2013(H9N9)的同源性最高(98.60%),LS01株其他6个编码内部蛋白的基因均与禽源H9N2株高度同源(99.10%~99.89%)。LS01株HA和NA基因与沪苏浙一带流行的H7N9禽流感病毒株位于同一亚分支,有着直接的进化关系,在相近地域有进化关系较近的禽类流感病毒存在。结论 A/Zhejiang/LS01/2014(H7N9)株8个基因序列均符合禽源H7N9亚型禽流感病毒特征,其病原基因均为禽类来源。HA裂解位点具有低致病性禽流感病毒基因特点,Q226L和E627K位点发生变异可能与其对人具有高致病力相关。     

2012-2013流感监测年度中国大陆B型流感病毒抗原性及基因特性分析

目的了解2012-2013流感监测年度中国大陆地区B型流感的流行状况,分析B型流感病毒的抗原性和基因变异情况。方法选择2012-2013年我国分离的B型流感病毒,利用标准雪貂抗血清进行抗原性分析。利用Sanger测序法进行病毒基因测序,采用Neighbor-Joining方法进行种系进化分析,通过基因进化树比较国内流行株与疫苗株的差异。结果 2012-2013监测年度内,B型流感病毒占所有流感病毒的9.93%,其中以B型Victoria系流感病毒为主。B型Victoria系流感病毒的抗原性与上一年度WHO推荐的疫苗株B/Brisbane/60/2008(83.5%)以及我国代表株B/Chongqing-Yuzhong/1384/2010(94.7%)的抗原性类似;而B型Yamagata系流感病毒绝大多数为WHO疫苗株B/Wisconsin/01/2010(99.3%)、WHO疫苗种子株B/Hubei-Wujiagang/158/2009(98.0%)的类似株;基因特性分析显示有1株B-Victoria系病毒发生了HA与NA基因分支间的重配,有1株B-Yamagata系病毒B/Sichuan-Gaoxin/1110/2012的NA基因位于Victoria系病毒的NA进化分支,也表明发生了种系间的基因重配。结论 2012-2013流感监测年度我国B型流感病毒活动水平较低,主要以Victoria系为主,而WHO推荐的疫苗组分是B-Yamagata系病毒,可见部分B型流感流行株与疫苗株并不匹配。     

2007—2017年中国甲型H3N2流感病毒HA基因特征分析

摘要：目的：回顾性分析2007—2017年我国人感染季节性甲型H3N2流感病毒血凝素（hemagglutinin, HA）的分子特征,为我国甲型H3N2流感病毒的防控和疫苗的研发提供科学依据。 方法：从全球共享禽流感数据库（the global initiative on sharing avian influenza data, GISAID）中下载中国2007—2017年人感染季节性甲型流感病毒H3N2亚型毒株HA基因序列,利用MEGA7.0生物学信息软件分析其HA的分子特征。 结果：2007—2017年,中国甲型流感病毒H3N2亚型共1 991例,总体上病毒株数呈逐渐递增趋势。HA序列分析表明,甲型H3N2流感病毒的亚型存在多样性且多种亚型共存,3C.2a.1系的病毒株自2010年起逐年增多,2016年起成为最主要的流行优势株。1系、2系、3A系、3B系、3C.1系、3C.2系、3C.2a系、3C.2a.1系、3C.3系、3C.3a系和3C.3b系的同源性分别为94.0%～100.0%、96.7%～100.0%、94.3%～100.0%、94.9%～100.0%、94.6%～100.0%、95.4%～100.0%、95.1%～100.0%、93.3%～100.0%、97.5%～100.0%、95.3%～100.0%和94.6%～100.0%。HA蛋白关键位点N121K、G/R142K出现变异,268株发生N121K突变且主要来源于2017年的毒株,358株发生G/R142K突变且主要来源于2016年和2017年的毒株。 结论：甲型H3N2流感病毒的亚型存在多样性,多种亚型共存且不同年份间的优势流行株存在差异,这些将有助于疫苗的研发和疾病的防控。     

A Trivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Elicits Protective Immune Responses against Seasonal Influenza Strains in Mice and Ferrets

There is need for improved human influenza vaccines, particularly for older adults who are at greatest risk for severe disease, as well as to address the continuous antigenic drift within circulating human subtypes of influenza virus. We have engineered an influenza virus-like particle (VLP) as a new generation vaccine candidate purified from the supernatants of Sf9 insect cells following infection by recombinant baculoviruses to express three influenza virus proteins, hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix 1 (M1). In this study, a seasonal trivalent VLP vaccine (TVV) formulation, composed of influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 and influenza B VLPs, was evaluated in mice and ferrets for the ability to elicit antigen-specific immune responses. Animals vaccinated with the TVV formulation had hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) antibody titers against all three homologous influenza virus strains, as well as HAI antibodies against a panel of heterologous influenza viruses. HAI titers elicited by the TVV were statistically similar to HAI titers elicited in animals vaccinated with the corresponding monovalent VLP. Mice vaccinated with the TVV had higher level of influenza specific CD8+ T cell responses than a commercial trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV). Ferrets vaccinated with the highest dose of the VLP vaccine and then challenged with the homologous H3N2 virus had the lowest titers of replicating virus in nasal washes and showed no signs of disease. Overall, a trivalent VLP vaccine elicits a broad array of immunity and can protect against influenza virus challenge.     

Detection and subtyping of influenza A virus based on a short oligonucleotide microarray

We report the design and characterization of a microarray with 46 short virus-specific oligonucleotides for detecting influenza A virus of 5 subtypes: H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, H5N1, and H9N2. A unique combination of 3 specific modifications was introduced into the microarray assay: (1) short probes of 19 to 27 nucleotides, (2) simple amplification of full-length hemagglutinin and neuraminidase cDNAs with universal primers, and (3) Klenow-mediated labeling and further amplification of the samples before hybridization. The assay correctly and specifically detected and subtyped 11 different influenza A isolates from human, avian, and swine species representing the 5 subtypes. When tested with 225 clinical samples, 20 were detected to be positive using our microarray-based assay, whereas only 10 were positive by the conventional culture method. The entire analysis was completed within 7 h. Thus, these modifications result in a specific, sensitive, and rapid microarray assay and may be used for constructing microarrays for the detection of all influenza subtypes and strains.     

2007-2008年泰安市流行期流行性感冒病毒分离及分析

目的　对山东省泰安市2007-2008年流行期流行性感冒（流感）病毒进行分离鉴定及分析,了解泰安市流感流行情况。方法　采集流感样病例（ILI）的咽拭子标本用犬肾传代细胞（MDCK）进行病毒分离,采用血凝抑制方法（HAI）进行流感病毒型别鉴定。结果　2007年10月至2008年3月共检测2所哨点医院ILI咽拭子标本281份,分离到流感病毒94株,阳性分离率为33.45%,经分型鉴定A型H3N2亚型51株,H1N1亚型1株;B型的 Yamagata系39株,Victoria系3株。结论　2007-2008流行季中,泰安市流感病毒流行的优势毒株为A型H3N2亚型和B型Ymagata系,同时有A型H1N1亚型和B型Victoria系毒株的存在。