长期接触低浓度混苯对作业工人健康的影响

目的探讨苯、甲苯、二甲苯（简称三者为混苯）对作业工人健康的影响。方法选择龙岩市某公司下属的造漆厂接触混苯的作业工人186名作为接触组，选择该公司油脂厂不接触混苯的作业工人106名作为对照组进行调查，并测定了作业环境中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度。结果接触组高血压检出率高于对照组（X^2=10．27，P〈0．01），白细胞减少的检出率高于对照组（X^2=6．57，P〈0．05）。结论长期接触混苯可能导致血压升高和白细胞减少，随着接触时间的延长，高血压和白细胞减少有上升的趋势。     

混苯作业人员脂质过氧化水平与抗氧化酶活性的研究

目的：探讨混苯对人体脂质过氧化的作用以及混苯作业人员早期损害的生物学检测指标。方法：选择133名长期从事喷漆作业的工人和169名无接尘、接毒史的工人为研究对象。用常规方法进行血红蛋白测定和白细胞计数,并对血清中MDA含量和SOD、GSH－Px活力进行测定。结果：两组间血红蛋白测定和白细胞计数的异常检出率无显著差异（P＞0．05）。MDA含量及其异常检出率两组间有显著性差异（P＜0．01）,且随着工龄的增长,接触组MDA含量明显增加（P＜0．05）。接触组SOD活性及其异常检出率较对照组明显增高（P＜0．01）,而GSH－Px活性和其异常检出率却显著下降（P＜0．01）。结论：长期接触低浓度混苯,将导致MDA含量和SOD活性增加及GSH-Px活性下降,且变化出现白细胞异常检出之前。     

苯对作业工人红细胞超氧化物歧化酶活力的影响

目的：探讨苯对作业工人红细胞超氧化歧化酶活力的影响。方法：油漆或喷漆工人分为高浓度接触组和低浓度接触组各50名,同时选择26名同厂非接苯的管理、机加工人为对照组,用常规方法进行周围白细胞计数和血红蛋白定量,同时测定红细胞SOD活力。结果：与对照组相比,高、低浓度接触组外周血细胞数明显降低（P＜0．05）。而高浓度苯接触组红细胞SOD活力却明显升高（P＜0．05）。结论：长期接触苯作业工人SD活力升高,WBC和Hb降低。     

丙烯腈对作业工人健康的影响研究

目的：探索长期接触丙烯腈（Acrylonitrile,ACN)对职业人群健康状况的影响。方法：对275名ACN作业工人（接触组）和275名不接触ACN职工（对照组）的健康状况进行流行病学调查分析。结果：（1）ACN作业人群头痛,头昏,失眠,记忆力减退,疲乏无力,胸闷,胸痛、心悸及恶心症状比例高于对照组（P＜0．05）;（2）接触组Hb(男性）,WBC水平高于对照组（P＜0．05）;（3）接触组ALT异常率高于对照组（P＜0．05）;（4）肝脏B超检查显示接触组脂肪浸润比例较对照线高,其差异有显著意义（P＜0．05）。结论：低浓度ACN对接触人群仍会产生一定影响。     

某电器公司长期接触低浓度苯、甲苯和二甲苯对作业人员健康的影响

目的探讨苯、甲苯、二甲苯（简称混苯）对作业人员健康的影响。方法选择呼和浩特市某电器公司的喷涂车间接触混苯的作业人员78名作为接触组,该公司不接触混苯的车间作业人员57名作为对照组,并进行常规内科检查和实验室检测。现场用热解析型活性炭管进行采样,实验室用气相色谱法测定空气中混苯浓度。结果长期低浓度混苯接触组的头痛、头晕、睡眠障碍、记忆减退、胸闷、牙龈出血等症状的检出率高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,白细胞（WBC）和中性粒细胞（NEUT）减少的检出率高于对照组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,差异均有统计学意义。结论长期接触低浓度混苯可损害作业人员的神经系统及血液系统。     

硝化作业工人心血管系统损伤的调查

结合现场个人接触浓度监测结果（日时间加权平均浓度（CTWA）,采用SPSS8．0统计软件对77名接触DNT和NT的硝化作业工人和40名非硝化作业工人的有关心血管系统指标进行了统计分析。结果表明,接触组与对照组相比,血压和心率的差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）。接触组心脏检查异常者为11．7％,比对照组高,经x^2检验,差异具有显著性（P＜0．05）,且接触组心脏检查异常者工龄均在5年以上,说明长期接触DNT和NT对作业工人心脏有明显的影响。     

硝化作业工人肝胆系统损伤的调查研究

本文结合现场人接触剂量监测结果对77名接触DNT和NT的硝化作业工人及40名非硝化作业工人的有关肝胆系统指标进行了研究,结果表明接触组工人自觉症状发生率显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）,;B超检查结果接触组肝大检出率高于对照组,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,且随接触时间的增加而加重,尤其工龄在20年以上的硝化作业工人肝脏毒性作用更为明显,接触组HBsAb检出率明显高于对照组。     

干预措施对苯作业工人血液白细胞数的影响

目的探讨干预措施对苯、甲苯、二甲苯（简称混苯）作业工人血液白细胞计数的影响。方法对某制造厂喷涂车间157名接触混苯作业工人近四年健康体检资料中血液白细胞计数,进行统计分析。结果采取干预措施后,作业工人血液白细胞计数偏低的比例明显下降,有统计学意义（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。结论干预措施对混苯作业工人血液白细胞计数变化有积极意义。     

低浓度混苯作业对职工健康的影响

为探讨接触低浓度混苯对职工健康的影响，随机选取118名混苯接触工人及基本条件均衡而无混本接触的对照工人119名进行健康状况调查。内容包括生产条件及车间作业环境混苯浓度情况、职业史、烟酒史、自觉症状、一般营养发育状况、一般内科检查、耳鼻喉科检查、皮肤科检查、血常规及血小板检查、肝功能检查、心电图检查及腹部B超检查。结果：近年来作业环境混苯平均浓度均在国家允许范围内。接触组工人头晕头痛，记忆力下降的神经衰弱症状出现率明显高于对照组（Pwto．05），接融组工人鼻炎、咽炎发病明显高于对照组（＊＜几份），但头晕头痛…     

职业性三苯接触对人外周血淋巴细胞染色体结构的影响

[目的]探讨长期接触混苯对人外周血淋巴细胞染色体结构的影响。[方法]用细胞遗传学方法对78名混苯作业工人（接触组）和78名食品加工厂工人（对照组）进行外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变、姊妹染色单体互换、微核率进行测定。[结果]接触组染色体畸变、总畸变率及细胞畸变率均高于对照组（P〈0．01），畸变类型以染色体裂隙和断裂为主，而两组的非整倍体检出率、姊妹染色体单体互换差别均无显著性（P〉0.05）。接触组无论是微核率和微核细胞率均高于对照组（P〈0．001）。同时发现，饮酒可能增加混苯的吸收，进而增加对混苯接触者的遗传毒性。[结论]职业性混苯接触可引起人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变。     

Effect of benzene, toluene, xylene on the semen quality and the function of accessory gonad of exposed workers

The effects on semen and the function of accessory gonad of workers after short and long term exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylene were examined. The semen and blood of 24 married workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene were collected. Routine sperm characteristic, acrosin activity, and Lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) relative activity were detected. The results showed that benzene, toluene, and xylene were found in the blood and semen of some ex-workers at workplaces where the air concentration of benzene, toluene, and xylene exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). No such solvents were detected in the blood and semen of workers of the control group. The sperm vitality and sperm motility decreased in the exposed workers. The mean acrosin activity, gamma-GT activity and LDH-C4 relative activity in the exposed workers were lower, and fructose concentration was higher than those in the control. There were negative correlations between sperm vitality, sperm activity, acrosin activity, or LDH-C4 relative activity and working history. These results suggest that the mixture of these solvents could affect the sperm and the function of accessory gonad. This might be one reason of the abnormal pregnancy outcome among the wives of workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene.     

低浓度苯、甲苯和二甲苯对接触工人健康的影响

目的探讨低浓度"三苯"(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)对作业工人的健康危害。方法对接苯工厂作业场所中"三苯"浓度进行测定,以439名三苯接触工人为苯接触组,以338名非接苯工人为对照组,对2组工人进行职业健康检查并对体检资料进行对照分析。结果接苯工厂内各检测点的"三苯"8 h时间加权平均浓度(C-TWA)及短时间接触浓度(C-STEL)的检测值均低于国家标准。苯接触组工人白细胞计数下降检出率为14.58%,非接触组为8.88%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组工人血红蛋白含量下降检出率为19.59%,非接触组为8.28%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组女工白细胞计数下降检出率为18.07%,男工为10.53%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组女工血红蛋白含量下降检出率为32.53%,男工2.63%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组男工血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)异常率为7.89%,女工0.80%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组不同工龄工人白细胞计数下降及血红蛋白含量下降存在线性剂量-反应关系。结论长期接触低浓度的"三苯"也会损害作业工人的身体健康,应加强防护措施,加大健康监护力度。     

高密市制鞋作业工人职业病危害现况调查

目的分析高密市制鞋行业苯及苯系物对作业工人的职业病危害情况,探讨其预防与控制对策。方法按国家职业卫生规范与标准,调查分析制鞋业苯及苯系物职业病危害现状,并对作业工人进行健康检查,对车间空气中苯、甲苯和二甲苯浓度进行监测。结果作业工人对职业卫生知识和职业卫生服务享受情况较低;对不同工龄组工人的舒张压、收缩压、白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板以及丙氨酸转氨酶ALT活力均值进行比较,仅有血小板计数和ALT活力2项差异有统计学意义;对不同工种组工人的舒张压、收缩压、白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板以及ALT活力均值进行比较,差异无统计学意义。结论苯及苯系物作业环境对工人的血小板计数和ALT活力有影响,并有随工龄增加而增高的趋势,但均未超出正常值范围。     

苯系混合物对男工精液质量的影响

为了解苯系混合物对男性生殖机能的影响，对从事制鞋、油（喷）漆等接触苯系物的２４名男工的精液质量进行了调查。结果表明：在作业环境中苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度超过国家卫生标准的情况下，部分工人的血液、精液中可检测出苯系物，而对照组未检出。苯系物对男工精液质量有一定影响，表现为精液液化时间异常（＞３０分钟）的百分比例增高，精子活率、活力则下降。同时，精液液化时间与精浆中甲苯水平呈正相关，而精子活率、活力则与工龄呈负相关。提示：接触苯系物使作业男工的精液质量和精子质量均受到损伤。     

苯系混合物对女工妊娠经过及妊娠结局影响的研究

对接触苯系混合物的女工737人及对照女工1251人的妊娠经过及妊娠结局进行了调查,应用回顾性队列研究方法。结果表明,孕期接触苯系混合物女工的妊娠剧吐、妊高征、妊娠期贫血、自然流产及低出生体重发生率明显高于对照组。Logistic回归分析表明,妊高征、妊娠期贫血、自然流产、低出生体重的发生主要与接触苯系混合物有关联,与妊娠年龄、妊娠时被动吸烟等因素无关。接触组女工所在车间空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的年平均浓度接近或超过国家卫生标准1～2倍。     

接触低浓度混苯对箱包生产人员的健康影响

目的了解低浓度苯、甲苯、二甲苯对箱包生产人员的健康影响。方法对443名箱包企业从业人员进行问卷调查，同时对作业环境空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度进行监测。结果接触组中睡眠障碍、疲劳、嗅觉减退、注意力不集中、气促、咳嗽和眼结膜刺激症状的发生率高于对照组，相对危险度艘在1．2～2．1之间；神经系统症状和黏膜刺激症状与目前接触苯、甲苯、二甲苯密切相关，相对比数比0R均在1．2以上。结论低浓度苯、甲苯、二甲苯接触对箱包生产人员有健康损害，有必要加强职业卫生安全管理，提高从业人员的相关知识知晓率。     

常熟市皮件厂职业病危害状况调查

目的了解常熟市皮件厂苯、甲苯、二甲苯对工人健康状况的影响,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查及实验室检测相结合的方法,测定工作场所空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度,对苯接触组和对照组进行职业健康检查,检查外周血白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板(PLT)。结果 生产环境中个别作业点的苯和甲苯浓度超过国家卫生标准。职业健康检查中发现外周血WBC、Hb、PLT下降人数分别占23.3%、9.8%、5.5%。结论该市皮件厂作业工人血常规异常率较高,需要高度重视苯、甲苯、二甲苯对接触者的危害,加强职业卫生监督管理。     

低浓度苯系物对作业工人的健康影响

目的探讨低浓度苯系物（苯、甲苯、二甲苯）对作业工人健康的影响。方法选择漳州市某光电企业接触苯系物的作业工人186名作为接触组,选择同地区106名饮食行业食品从业人员作为对照组,进行内科常规健康检查和实验室指标检测。用个体采样器采样,用气相色谱法分析测定空气中苯系物浓度。结果职业接触低浓度苯系物的工人高血压和白细胞减少的检出率高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论长期接触苯系物可能导致血压升高和白细胞减少。     

Evaluation of neuropsychological symptoms and exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene among two different furniture worker groups in Izmir

This study was conducted to determine whether there was any exposure to toluene, xylene and benzene and to assess the health impact of these solvents on workers in furniture enterprises in Karabaglar, Izmir. This cross-sectional study covered furniture enterprises in Karabaglar, Izmir. This study was comprised of an exposed group consisting of workers engaged in painting and varnishing and therefore exposed either directly or indirectly toluene, xylene and benzene in the workplace and the non-exposed group engaged in other aspects of production. While a total of 261 individuals completed questionnaires, 210 workers agreed to provide blood samples. Blood solvents levels were determined using gas chromatograph at Ege University, Intoxication Research and Application Centre. The modified EUROQUEST questionnaire was used to assess neuropsychological symptoms and neurological and general examination were performed. Occupational and exposure history, demographic and work-related information was collected. In this study of workers, blood toluene and benzene levels were found to be significantly higher among those engaged in painting and varnishing compared to those who perform other tasks. The average blood toluene and benzene concentrations among exposed workers were 6.95 times and 1.64 times respectively higher than those in the nonexposed groups. Smokers and participants who worked in excess of 8 hours/day had higher blood toluene and benzene levels. The most frequently work-related health complaints were back pain, allergies and asthma. No differences were found in the average scores in the neuropsychological symptoms questionnaire between exposed and non-exposed groups. Neurological examination of two individuals with these complaints revealed a loss of reflexes. The workers were unaware that they were being exposed to solvents at work. Tobacco smoke is a major source of internal exposure to benzene. Improving working conditions in furniture work places is a priority.     

Leukocyte agglutinins in workers exposed to benzene,toluene and xylene

Summary A leukoagglutination test and a cytotoxic test with leukocytes were performed on 76 workers exposed to occupational contact with benzene, toluene and xylene (52 men, 24 women); the possibility of contact with these substances was eliminated in 41 persons in the period directly preceding the examination, and blood samples were collected from 35 persons in the course of the exposure. In the first group the presence of leukocyte agglutinins for autologous leukocytes was found in only one person and in the second group in 10 persons. The increase of leukoagglutination titer of sera after their incubation with benzene, toluene or xylene was also demonstrated. This suggested the occurrence of allergic blood dyscrasia in some persons exposed to benzene and its homologues.