侧脑室表皮样囊肿的磁共振影像表现及其扫描技术分析

目的回顾性分析侧脑室表皮样囊肿的磁共振成像(MRI)表现,探讨磁共振(MR)扫描技术在侧脑室表皮样囊肿诊断中的价值。方法分析12例手术病理证实为侧脑室表皮样囊肿的MR影像表现及术前做MR常规平扫、增强扫描和T2FLAIR以及磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)资料。结果 11例T1WI呈低信号,1例T1WI呈高信号,脂肪抑制像未能抑制。12例T2WI呈高信号,稍高于脑脊液。10例T2FLAIR囊内见不同数量的絮状稍高信号影,其中有2例仅在边缘出现少量絮状等高信号影。DWI均表现为明显高信号,信号不均匀。增强多无强化或或囊壁轻度强化,其中2例发生恶性变者局部囊壁呈结节状及花环状明显强化。结论侧脑室表皮样囊肿MR表现具有一定的特征性,对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有价值。侧脑室表皮样囊肿病灶检出方面,DWI均优于MRI平扫以及T2FLAIR,是首选扫描技术。     

颅内表皮样囊肿的CT、MRI及DWI诊断

目的:通过分析55例颅内表皮样囊肿CT、MRI和DWI表现,探讨表皮样囊肿的影像学诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:对55例经手术病理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿的CT、MRI及DWI表现进行回顾性分析。男33例,女22例。全部病例均行MR平扫检查,其中26例行MR增强扫描,18例行扩散加权成像,26例行CT平扫检查,5例行CT增强扫描。结果:表皮样囊肿位于脑外29例,脑实质23例,脑室3例。CT平扫24例呈低密度,2例密度稍高于脑实质。51例类似脑脊液信号,1例呈短T1短T2信号,2例呈短T1长T2信号,1例T1WI大部分呈等信号,少部分为低信号,T2WI呈低信号。2例囊壁似有轻微强化。DWI上囊肿均表现为高信号,且ADC值高于脑实质。结论:形态不规则、类似脑脊液信号、DWI呈高信号、不强化是表皮样囊肿的影像学表现特点,不典型表皮样囊肿可呈其它密度和信号变化,可根据不强化和DWI呈高信号与其它类似病变鉴别。     

颅骨表皮样囊肿的影像学表现及文献回顾

目的 探讨颅骨表皮样囊肿CT及MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析7例经手术证实的颅骨表皮样囊肿的CT及MRI表现,3例行CT及MRI平扫,其中2例行MRI增强扫描,4例只行CT扫描.结果 病变发生于枕骨4例,顶骨2例,颞骨1例.7例CT表现为颅骨膨胀性骨质破坏,类圆形或分叶状,边缘锐利,周围见断续钙化边或硬化带,病变中心呈混杂密度,3例病灶内可见死骨样高密度影.MRI表现为T1WI混杂低信号,T2WI混杂高信号,脂肪抑制序列呈高信号,增强扫描病变较小者无明显强化,病变较大者周围见淡薄线样强化,囊内容物无强化.当囊内容物中以蛋白、胆固醇结晶为主、轻微钙化时,CT表现为混杂密度,其内可出现高密度影,对应的MR T1WI呈等或高信号,T2WI为低或等信号.手术显示病变相邻脑实质均未受累.结论 CT与MRI结合对术前诊断颅骨表皮样囊肿很有价值.     

卵巢表皮样囊肿的影像学表现(附2例报告并文献复习)

目的 探讨卵巢表皮样囊肿的影像学表现.资料与方法 回顾性分析2例经病理证实的卵巢表皮样囊肿的CT、MRI表现.结果 卵巢表皮样囊肿CT表现为囊性占位,囊液大部分均匀,水样密度,囊壁光整.MRI表现为囊液T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,囊内见不定形团块状、云絮状及结节状无强化角化物,囊壁可强化,囊液无强化.CT及MRI均显示囊壁有局部增厚.结论 卵巢表皮样囊肿的影像学表现有一定的特征性,认识其表现有助于对该病的诊断.     

骶前间隙表皮样囊肿MRI表现特征

目的 探讨骶前间隙表皮样囊肿的MRI表现特征.方法 回顾性分析4例经手术和病理证实的骶前表皮样囊肿的MRI表现,并对国内外相关文献复习.结果 4例均位于骶前间隙,呈囊性病变,囊壁薄而均匀,囊液呈T1WI均质或不均质低信号,T2WI不均质高信号,囊内可见云絮状或结节状角化物,呈T1WI等信号,T2WI低信号.结论 骶前表皮样囊肿的MRI影像学表现具有特异性.     

Rathke囊肿的病理与临床、影像对照分析

目的 探讨Rathke囊肿病理与临床和CT、MRI表现的相关性.方法 回顾分析经手术病理证实的Rathke囊肿43例的病理和CT、MRI表现及临床特征.结果 27例位于鞍内和鞍上,16例位于鞍内.CT平扫囊肿多呈边界清晰的"类圆形"或"哑铃"状肿物,其中9例低密度,9例高密度,8例等或稍高混杂密度,1例囊壁钙化;CT增强扫描有6例囊壁呈环形或边缘强化,其余无强化.MR检查18例T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI呈高信号,6例T1WI和T2WI均显示高信号,4例T1WI高信号,T2WI呈混杂信号.4例囊肿内结节,T1WI呈高信号,T2WI呈低或混杂信号.MR增强检查有9例囊壁的外缘增强.术中见肿物呈囊状,10例囊液呈脑脊液样清亮液体,15例为胶冻状咖啡色黏液,12例呈豆渣样黏稠液,6例为深褐色油状黏液.组织学分析显示部分囊液中含有脂肪结晶和脱落皮屑样物,11例HE染色可见胆固醇裂隙、凝血及肉芽组织,16例PAS染色阳性,囊液内含有黏多糖和蛋白质类物质.结论 典型的Rathke囊肿术前可以明确诊断,非典型Rathke囊肿的CT、MRI表现缺乏特异性.随着囊液组织成分的变化,影像学表现有一定的变化规律.     

肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI诊断

目的:探讨肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI表现,以提高诊断的准确率。方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的9例肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI表现。结果:9例肾上腺囊肿,5例行CT检查:1例呈圆形,2例呈椭圆形,2例呈分叶状。平扫囊肿密度均匀,CT值15~35HU,3例囊壁有钙化;增强扫描囊内均无强化,2例囊壁呈环形强化,3例囊壁无强化。4例行MR平扫:均呈长T1长T2异常信号,并且囊内可见分隔,分隔与液体相比呈短T1短T2异常信号,厚薄均匀,边缘光滑。结论:CT、MRI是肾上腺囊肿定位、定性诊断较为可靠和准确的方法。     

胰腺囊实性乳头状瘤临床分析及CT、MRI诊断

目的 探讨胰腺囊实性瘤(SCPTs)CT和MRI表现.方法 经手术及病理证实SCPTs 8例,均经CT平扫及增强扫描,3例MRI检查,其中2例MRI增强扫描.结果 肿瘤位于胰体、尾部7例,1例位于胰头部.肿瘤最大径平均7.6 cm.肿瘤界限清楚,包膜完整,CT平扫呈不均匀囊实性,实性结构为不规则状或呈乳头状,中心囊性部分密度较低.增强扫描肿瘤实性成分动脉期轻度强化,实质期呈中等或明显强化.肿瘤壳状及结节样钙化5例,1例肿瘤自发性破裂出血,1例胰管轻度扩张.MRI检查显示胰腺边缘清楚囊实性肿物,T1WI呈不均匀等-低混杂信号,1例瘤体内高信号,为亚急性出血.T2WI呈不均匀混杂高信号中,可见低信号区.增强扫描肿瘤实性和乳头状组织及囊壁强化.结论 SCPTs具有一定的临床,CT及MRI影像学特点,可以帮助作出正确的诊断.     

腹壁子宫内膜异位症的MRI表现

【摘要】目的：分析腹壁子宫内膜异位症(AWE)的MRI表现,为临床诊断提供依据。方法：搜集本院经病理证实的9例AWE患者的病例资料,分析MRI平扫及增强扫描影像特征。结果：9例AWE患者中,囊实混合型6例、实质型2例、囊肿型1例。MRI平扫表现：囊实混合型AWE T1WI呈不均匀等低信号,T2WI脂肪抑制序列呈等高混杂信号;实质型AWE T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI脂肪抑制序列呈高、低混杂信号;囊肿型AWE T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI脂肪抑制序列呈高信号。增强扫描表现：囊肿型的囊变部分无强化,实质性部分有明显强化,肿块病变范围均大于平扫,肿块边缘不规则,与正常组织分界不清。结论：出血、纤维化、钙化等多种混杂信号及增强扫描明显强化是腹壁子宫内膜异位症的特征性表现,结合手术史,腹部切口周围包块伴周期性疼痛有助于确诊。     

胰腺少见囊性病变的CT及MRI诊断

目的 探讨胰腺少见囊性肿瘤的影像学特征,提高诊断水平. 方法 回顾分析经手术病理证实的11例少见胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床特征及术前平扫和增强的CT、MRI表现,其中表皮样囊肿4例, 淋巴上皮囊肿4例,淋巴管瘤3例. 结果 (1)表皮样囊肿病变位于胰尾部,囊壁光滑完整,CT平扫囊性病变内的实质成分和脾的密度相同.CT和MRI增强后实质成分表现出和脾完全相同的强化方式.(2)淋巴上皮囊肿老年男性多见,病变呈现多房状境界清楚的肿块.CT平扫呈等密度,MRI T_1WI和T_2WI上混杂的等高信号,增强后囊壁分隔强化.(3)淋巴瘤表现为体尾部的分叶状多囊性病变,CT平扫密度略低于胰腺实质,MRI平扫呈长T_1长T_2信号.增强后分隔和囊壁轻度强化,肿瘤不与胰管交通,胰管轻度受压移位.结论胰腺少见的囊性病变具有一定的特征性的临床和影像学特征.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.