鼻咽癌放射治疗后染色体畸变率预测放射性脑病的相关研究

目的对染色体畸变率与鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病的相关性进行分析，以探讨该指标预测放射性脑病发生及病情严重程度的可行性和可靠性。方法运用分裂中期染色体方法检测17例鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病患者和17例鼻咽癌放疗后未发生放射性脑病患者的染色体畸变率，并以多种统计方法分析染色体畸变率与鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病发生和病情的相关性。结果染色体畸变以及与自发畸变的累积效应均与放射性脑病的发生和病情严重程度存在相关性，而且累积效应与放射性脑病发生和病情严重程度的相关性更密切。结论染色体畸变具有应用于临床预测放射性脑病发生和病情的价值。     

MR波谱在鼻咽癌放疗后颅底复发与放射性脑病鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 应用MR波谱(MRS)对鼻咽癌颅底复发与放射性脑病进行对比研究,探讨MRS对两者的鉴别诊断价值.方法 选择鼻咽癌根治性放射治疗后经常规MRI怀疑鼻咽癌颅底复发或放射性脑病患者50例行MRS,其中男44例,女6例,经临床及MRI复查综合诊断,26例为鼻咽癌颅底复发,24例为颞叶放射性脑病.对比分析放疗后复发与放射性脑病之间及其与相对"正常"脑组织之间胆碱(Cho)、N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、乳酸-脂质(LL)等主要代谢物含量的异同.采用秩和检验对所得数据进行统计分析.结果 复发组的Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、LL/Cr中位数分别为2.22、2.13、1.77,放射性脑病组分别为1.40、1.31、0.57,两者间差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),复发组高于放射性脑病组.肿瘤复发组Cho、Cr、NAA的中位数分别为3366.00、1023.00、1930.00,放射性脑病组分别为2469.50、1864.50、1734.00,3个代谢产物的含量在肿瘤复发与放射性脑病之间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).在取得了"正常"脑组织对比的14个肿瘤复发病例中,复发灶的Cr、NAA、LL、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、LL/Cr的中位数分别为1023.00、1930.00、2090.00、3.76、2.13、3.39,"正常"区域分别为2370.00、3012.00、1680.00、1.64、1.17、0.75,两组各参数间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),复发灶的LL、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、LL/Cr高于"正常"区域,而NAA、Cr低于"正常"区域;在取得了"正常"脑组织对照的12个放射性脑病病例中,放射性脑病的Cho、Cr、NAA、LL、Cho/Cr、LL/Cr的中位数分别为390.00、217.50、427.50、39.00、1.30、0.40,而"正常"脑组织分别为680.00、360.00、610.00、30.00、1.54、0.09,上述参数在放射性脑病与其"正常"区域之间差异有统计学意义,放射性脑病的Cho(P<0.01)、Cr(P<0.01)、NAA(P<0.01)、Cho/Cr(P<0.05)低于"正常"区域,而放射性脑病的LL(P<0.05)、LL/Cr(P<0.01)高于"正常"组织.结论 鼻咽癌放疗后复发与放射件脑病在MRS上主要代谢物的变化各有特点,尤其是Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、LL/Cr等指标复发灶明显高于放射性脑病,对于两者的鉴别诊断具有很高的价值.     

MRI在鼻咽癌放疗后随访中的应用价值

目的:探讨MRI在鼻咽癌放疗后随访中的应用价值。方法:72例鼻咽癌放疗后病人,均行MRI扫描,其中32例行Gd-DTPA强化扫描。结果:局部软组织肿块33例,颅底骨质破坏49例,肌肉受累23例,淋巴结增大25例,放射性脑病12例,27例鼻咽部出现放疗后纤维化表现。结论:MRI在鼻咽癌放疗后随访中具有明显优势。     

鼻咽癌放疗后腔外肿块残留或复发的MR诊断

目的 :探讨鼻咽癌放疗后腔外肿块残留或复发的MR特点。方法 :回顾性分析了鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽腔无肿块、腔外肿块存留或复发的 2 0例MR检查资料。结果 :咽旁间隙肿块 11例 ;颅底骨质破坏 17例 ;海绵窦受侵犯 11例、后颅窝肿块 3例 ;眼眶侵犯 2例 ;副鼻窦及鼻腔异常 15例 ;放射性脑病 4例。结论 :MR是诊断鼻咽癌放疗后咽旁肿瘤残存或复发的有效方法     

鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病MRI评价

本文分析12例鼻咽癌放疗所致放射性脑病的CT和MRI表现。MRI检查采用SE序列(TR=1800ms,TE=99、132ms)和RARE序列,T_2加权成像。结果表明:MRI显示病变较CT敏感,以表现侧脑室旁白质内爪样高强度信号病灶为特征,颞叶病变最重,向上逐渐减轻,严重者累及颞叶灰质。作者认为MRI是放射性脑病的有效诊断手段。     

放射治疗引起的颞叶病变:CT和MRI特征

为研究鼻咽癌放射治疗后颞叶改变的CT和MRI特征,进而鉴别放疗后脑损伤与颅内肿瘤复发,作者回顾性分析了过去5年1916例鼻咽癌放疗后的影像学资料。发现其中47例(2.5％)有颞叶改变,其诊断标准为颞叶水肿,有或无局灶性强化、囊腔形成,但无窦腔及硬膜外肿瘤存在,该标准排除了肿癌直接侵犯所引起的颞叶改变。47例影像学资料由两位影像诊断医师独立分析,其中34例行CT检     

鼻咽癌放射治疗后颞叶放射性脑病低场MR诊断

目的分析鼻咽癌(NPC)放疗后颞叶放射性脑病(REP)的低场强MRI表现,探讨其影像学特征性改变。方法分析25例鼻咽癌放疗后诊断为颞叶放射性脑病(REP)患者MRI表现和临床资料及随诊观察。结果 25例REP中累及单侧颞叶9例,累及双侧颞叶16例。表现为局限性脑水肿并局灶性坏死:病灶为斑片状或不规则形,T1WI呈低信号或等信号;T2WI呈高信号或等高混杂信号。T1WI+Gd-DTPA增强扫描可见脑回状或不规则环形强化。12例经治疗后行MRI复查,2例症状改善,MRI异常信号明显减少,9例病灶无变化,其中3例症状有改善,6例症状体征无变化,1例病灶增大。结论鼻咽癌放射治疗后REP的MRI表现有一定的特征性,可作为REP诊断的主要方法。     

鼻咽癌放疗后脑干损伤的MRI诊断

目的 :提高对鼻咽癌放疗后脑干损伤MRI表现的认识与诊断水平。方法 :分析鼻咽癌放疗后脑干损伤的 17例患者MRI检查资料 ,本组病例在放疗后 0 .5～ 12年出现不同程度颅神经损伤症状。结果 :病变好发于脑干 ,表现为稍长或长T1、长T2 信号。注射Gd DTPA后大多数病例强化。结论 :鼻咽癌放疗后脑干损伤的MRI表现具有一定特点 ,MRI是诊断该病的有效方法。     

鼻咽癌的放射性脑病

鼻咽癌的放射性脑病田培林放射治疗是鼻咽癌最有效的治疗方法，而与鼻咽部毗邻的脑组织在放疗中易受损害，尤以大脑的预叶，这种自射线引起的大脑损伤称放射性脑病（以下称放脑病）。本病常被误诊为脑转移而误治。作者对１２例放脑病进行了分析。１临床资料鼻咽癌（均为低...     

鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病的CT及MRI表现

目的：观察鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病(REP)的CT及MRI表现，并探讨其诊断价值。方法：对48例鼻咽癌放疗后REP的CT及MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果：REP的发生以颞叶最常见，可累及额、顶叶。其CT主要表现为指套状低密度水肿带．增强后无明显强化。而MRI则表现为指套状水肿、脑坏死、囊变，T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号．增强后呈脑回状或不规则强化．囊变区则呈环状强化。结论：鼻咽癌放疗后REP的CT及MRI具有一定的特征性．诊断价值较大。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）