2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变危险性分析

背景：糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的危险性是当前临床研究的热点问题。目的：应用电子束CT(EBT)心脏扫描，了解2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的发生情况，分析2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变发生的危险性。设计：以伴冠状动脉病变的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象，观察对比研究。单位：一所军医大学医院的老年病科病房。对象：收集2002—01／2004—06第四军医大学西京医院老年病科经EBT扫描的住院患者共93例，男80例，女13例，年龄36—78岁。其中25例健康查体者作为正常血糖对照组，男22例，女3例；其余按病情分为血糖异常组和冠心病组。血糖异常组57例，男49例，女8例，包括糖耐量低减组(IGT)29例，糖尿病组28例，44例患者伴有不同程度的心脏症状；冠心病组11例，男9例，女2例。纳入标准：2型糖尿病患者符合1979年美国糖尿病协会的诊断标准，冠心病患者符合1979年国际心脏联合专题组冠心病诊断标准并经冠状动脉造影检查确诊。排除标准：①1型糖尿病患者；②患重大躯体疾病者。方法：93例受试者行心脏EBT平扫及增强扫描，计算冠状动脉钙化发生率、钙化积分、冠状动脉狭窄支数和软斑数，同时收集血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂等相关信息，进行冠状动脉的组间比较和危险性分析。主要观察指标：各组冠状动脉钙化发生率、冠状动脉狭窄支数和软斑数的比较，冠状动脉病变的危险性分析。结果：糖耐量低减组、糖尿病组、冠心病组冠状动脉钙化发生率较正常对照组有明显升高(x^2=18．88，p&;lt;0．01)；冠状动脉狭窄支数和软斑数有明显增加(F=10．758，P&;lt;0．01；F=9．991，P&;lt;0．01)；糖尿病患者发生冠状动脉病变的相对危险度为7．514(95％，可信区间1．885—63．778)。结论：2型糖尿病患者有明显的冠状动脉病变及高度的冠脉病变危险性，及早发现糖尿病患者的冠状动脉病变、早期实施二级康复干预，提高患者生活质量、降低致残率及心脏事件发生率具有极其重要的意义。     

2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变危险性分析

背景糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的危险性是当前临床研究的热点问题.目的应用电子束CT(EBT)心脏扫描,了解2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的发生情况,分析2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变发生的危险性.设计以伴冠状动脉病变的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,观察对比研究.单位一所军医大学医院的老年病科病房.对象收集2002-01/2004-06第四军医大学西京医院老年病科经EBT扫描的住院患者共93例,男80例,女13例,年龄36～78岁.其中25例健康查体者作为正常血糖对照组,男22例,女3例;其余按病情分为血糖异常组和冠心病组.血糖异常组57例,男49例,女8例,包括糖耐量低减组(IGT)29例,糖尿病组28例,44例患者伴有不同程度的心脏症状;冠心病组11例,男9例,女2例.纳入标准2型糖尿病患者符合1979年美国糖尿病协会的诊断标准,冠心病患者符合1979年国际心脏联合专题组冠心病诊断标准并经冠状动脉造影检查确诊.排除标准①1型糖尿病患者;②患重大躯体疾病者.方法93例受试者行心脏EBT平扫及增强扫描,计算冠状动脉钙化发生率、钙化积分、冠状动脉狭窄支数和软斑数,同时收集血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂等相关信息,进行冠状动脉的组间比较和危险性分析.主要观察指标各组冠状动脉钙化发生率、冠状动脉狭窄支数和软斑数的比较,冠状动脉病变的危险性分析.结果糖耐量低减组、糖尿病组、冠心病组冠状动脉钙化发生率较正常对照组有明显升高(x2=18.88,P<0.01);冠状动脉狭窄支数和软斑数有明显增加(F=10.758,P<0.01;F=9.991,P<0.01);糖尿病患者发生冠状动脉病变的相对危险度为7 514(95%可信区间1.885～63.778).结论2型糖尿病患者有明显的冠状动脉病变及高度的冠脉病变危险性,及早发现糖尿病患者的冠状动脉病变、早期实施二级康复干预,提高患者生活质量、降低致残率及心脏事件发生率具有极其重要的意义.     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变特点

目的探讨冠心病（CHD）合并2型糖尿病患者的临床及冠状动脉的病变特点。方法从冠状动脉造影病例中选取102例（其中冠心病合并2型糖尿病62例，单纯冠心病40例）进行临床表现、血生化和造影结果分析。结果与单纯冠心病组比较，冠心病合并2型糖尿病者有多种心血管危险因素：高血压、血脂异常等（甘油三酯水平高，载脂蛋白A水平低）；冠脉血管受累程度高且弥漫性血管病变多，左室射血分数低。结论合并2型糖尿病与不合并2型糖尿病的冠心病患者的冠状动脉造影表现的差异有统计学意义，前者冠状动脉病变更加广泛和严重，左室射血分数更低。     

2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的危险因素分析

目的：探讨糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的危险因素和冠状动脉CT血管造影（CTangiography,CTA）检查的安全性。方法：从2009年8月2010年7月在复旦大学附属中山医院内分泌科住院的诊断为2型糖尿病且行冠脉CTA检查的患者中随机选择34例,根据冠脉病变支数及冠脉病变血管狭窄的程度将其分咸阳性、阴性两组,分别比较患者的糖、脂代谢指标及冠脉CTA检查前后的肾功能等指标的变化。结果：冠脉病变阳性组较阴性组糖尿病痛程长、空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）水平高（P均〈0．05）。偏相关分析显示,校正了性别、年龄、BMI后,冠脉病变支数与糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、HbAlC、24h尿微量白蛋白呈正相关,而与C肽增值呈负相关（P均〈0．05）。冠脉CTA检查前后血肌酐差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：病程长、HbAlc水平高的糖尿病患者,发生无症状冠心病的风险高,需进行冠心病筛查;对肾功能正常的糖尿病患者进行冠脉CTA检查是安全的。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白水平与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法选择中山大学附属第三医院心内科1998年11月至2012年3月确诊为冠心病合并2型糖尿病的患者184例,根据Hb A1c水平分为三组:A组(n=70):Hb A1c≤7.0%;B组(n=37):7.0%0.05);(2)A组的Gensini积分中位数为57.75,B组为56.00,C组为46.00,对其取平方根转化为正态数据,进行方差分析,结果显示三组间Gensini积分无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的Hb A1c水平与Gensini积分、冠状动脉病变支数、左主干病变、弥漫性病变、闭塞性病变无明显相关性。     

2型糖尿病风险评估工具的研究进展

糖尿病是一种慢性、终身性疾病,其中2型糖尿病占90% [1].2型糖尿病患病率高,并发症发生率高,会造成组织器官损害,具有致残、致死性,危害严重.     

2型糖尿病神经病变相关因素的患病危险性分析

目的分析与2型糖尿病有关的多种因素与周围神经病变的相关性，探讨这些因素对发生神经病变危险度。方法连续收集病房与门诊2型糖尿病患者378例，正常对照31例，检查神经传导和心脏植物神经功能，结合患者一般情况与生理生化指标，统计分析这些资料的内在关系。结果2型糖尿病神经病变与年龄、病程、身高、体重指数、吸烟、葡萄糖及胰岛素曲线下面积、空腹与餐后2h、3h的血糖和其同步的血浆胰岛素水平有一定的相关性；发生神经病变危险度较高的因素有年龄、HbA1c、餐后3h血糖、吸烟、病程、舒张压，而胰岛素曲线下面积有保护作用（相对危险度为0．9935）。结论2型糖尿病患者应积极控制血糖、血压与戒烟，要严格控制餐后血糖，并适当提早用胰岛素降糖。     

踝臂指数对2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变程度的预测价值

【目的】评价2型糖尿病患者踝臂指数（ABI）对冠脉病变程度的预测价值。【方法】选择本院2型糖尿病患者208例,依ABI水平分为A组（ABI＜0．9,106例）与B组（ABI≥0．9,102例）,比较两组患者冠脉病变严重程度及主要心脏不良事件（MACE）发生率。【结果】A组的冠脉严重（三支）病变患者及MACE发生率明显多于B组（ P ＜0．01）。ABI值与冠状动脉病变数量呈显著负相关（ r ＝－0．627,P ＜0．01）。在调整了临床资料及血糖等影响因素后,ABI＜0．9在糖尿病受试人群中预测冠状严重（三支）的敏感性为66．7％,特异性为92．5％,准确度为90．5％（OR值17．171,95％可信区间分别为：4．069～22．456,P＜0．01）。评价ABI对冠状严重（三支）病变预测价值的ROC曲线下面积为（0．825±0．42）,95％可信区间为（0．743～0．907）（ P ＜0．01）,其中以ABI＝0．84为最佳预测临界点（敏度为67％,特异度为93％,Youden指数最高为0．601）。【结论】ABI作为下肢动脉粥样硬化无创监测手段,对2型糖尿病患者冠脉病变程度有一定预测价值,可用于识别冠心病高危患者。     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉造影的临床特点

目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病患者的冠状动脉造影特点。方法整理信阳市中心医院293例冠心病患者的临床资料,对患者进行冠状动脉造影术检查,同时给予患者口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验,其中2型糖尿病合并冠心病组149例,单纯冠心病组144例,对比分析两组患者的临床和冠状动脉造影资料。结果在临床冠状动脉造影检查当中,合并组患者的胰岛素抵抗指数和尿白蛋白,肌酐比值明显增高(P均<0.05),胰岛素分泌指数明显降低(P<0.01),患者的3支病变较多(P<0.05),冠状动脉重度狭窄、完全闭塞、弥漫病变比例较高(P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的临床危险性较高,在临床治疗过程中需要加强注意和防治处理。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的临床及冠脉造影特点分析

目的探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的临床特征和冠状动脉造影特点。方法对冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病的32例糖尿病患者和非糖尿病组的76例患者进行对比分析。结果两组在年龄、吸烟、家族史方面无统计学差异，但高血压、血脂异常在糖尿病组明显高于非糖尿病组（P〈0．05）。冠心病合并糖尿病组的冠造结果显示，多支病变多于单支、受累血管数目较多、弥漫l生病变较多，均显著高于非糖尿病组（P〈0．05）。结论冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的血管受累较非糖尿病冠心病患者严重且病变更为弥漫。     

Reduced coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To compare lifestyle factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) and abdominal aortic calcium (AAC) levels in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We recently demonstrated in a small group of nonreferred, healthy, nondiabetic subjects that CAC was reduced in Hispanics compared with NHWs, despite a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile. In this study, we evaluated whether this ethnic disparity in vascular calcification was present in individuals with type 2 diabetes and in several different arterial beds. Hispanic and NHW subjects (n = 245) with type 2 diabetes were evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors using questionnaires and assays of plasma biomarkers. CAC and AAC were measured by electron-beam computer-assisted tomography. RESULTS: Although Hispanics were slightly younger than NHWs, other standard risk factors and novel cardiovascular risk factors, including plasminogen activator-1 and fibrinogen levels, were similar between the groups. Despite the similar risk factor profile, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mean and median levels of CAC and AAC were lower in Hispanics. Furthermore, the distribution of these calcium scores differed from that of NHWs (P < 0.05), with significantly fewer Hispanic subjects having high CAC or AAC scores. These differences were not explained by differences in CVD prevalence or any measured lifestyle or risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanics with type 2 diabetes have reduced CAC and AAC levels compared with NHW subjects, suggesting a reduction in the overall burden of vascular calcification and atherosclerosis. These data are consistent with the notion that Hispanics are protected against the development of CVD.     

Hyperhomocysteinemia in coronary artery disease and hemostasis disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) on vascular-thrombocyte and coagulation hemostasis and the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). DM 2 patients with or without CAD were examined; high incidence of HHC (40.3%) was revealed. The level of homocysteine was significantly higher in DM2 patients with CAD vs. non-CAD subjects. Among patients with DM2 and CAD the level of the amino acid was elevated in 77.1% of cases with a history of myocardial infarction. In patients with DM2, CAD, and HHC, vascular-thrombocyte hemostasis factors were found to be hyperactive, while anticoagulatory ones were suppressed. These changes in the hemostatic system in HHC increase the probability of thrombus formation and CAD progress.     

血浆Apelin水平与2型糖尿病合并冠心病风险的相关性分析

目的探讨血浆脂肪因子Apelin水平与2型糖尿病合并冠心病风险的关系。方法 2型糖尿病患者138例,依据是否合并冠心病分为合并冠心病组59例与未合并冠心病组79例,比较2组血浆Apelin水平,采用多因素Logistic回归分析评价血浆Apelin水平与冠心病发生的相关性。结果合并冠心病组血浆Apelin水平为(2.38±0.63)ng/mL,明显低于未合并冠心病组(4.82±1.06)ng/mL(P<0.01);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低血浆Apelin水平是2型糖尿病患者罹患冠心病的独立危险因子(OR=0.694,95%CI:0.428～0.873,P<0.01)。结论检测血浆Apelin水平可用于评估2型糖尿病患者罹患冠心病的风险。     

Carbohydrate-induced memory impairment in adults with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: Memory impairment is observed in adults with type 2 diabetes. The focus of this study was to determine whether acute carbohydrate consumption contributes to or exacerbates memory dysfunction. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The impact of consuming 50 g of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate (one half bagel and white grape juice) at breakfast was examined in 19 adults with type 2 diabetes. Subjects (mean age 63 +/- 9 years, mean BMI 26.1 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2)) were tested, under fed and fasted conditions, on verbal declarative memory using both word list and paragraph recall tests (immediate and delayed [7-min] recall), Trails Test Part B as a measure of general brain function, and mood (subjectively monitoring global vigor and affect). RESULTS: Under baseline (fasting) conditions, elevated blood HbA(1c) was negatively associated with immediate and delayed paragraph recall performance (R(2) = 0.30; P = 0.024) and higher fasting blood glucose trended toward poorer word list recall (R(2) = 0.09; P = 0.102). Carbohydrate ingestion influenced measures of delayed, but not immediate, recall in a time-dependent fashion (time x food) (word list, P = 0.046; paragraph, P = 0.044) such that delayed recall was improved at 15 min postingestion but was impaired at 30 min. Neither Trails Test scores (P = 0.17) nor mood (affect, P = 0.68 and vigor, P = 0.45) were influenced by food ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: In adults with type 2 diabetes, poorer glycemic control is associated with lower performance on tests of declarative memory. Acute ingestion of high glycemic index carbohydrate foods further contributes to the underlying memory impairment.     

HbA1c对冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠脉病变的影响

目的研究糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平对冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠脉病变特点以及急性心肌梗死发生率的影响。方法选择2013年1月至2014年6月在接受治疗的冠心病患者144例,均经冠脉造影确诊。根据HbA1c水平得到冠心病合并2型糖尿病(HbA1c≥5.7%)患者59例,作为观察组。另选取单纯冠心病(HbA1c5.7%)患者85例,作为对照组。对比两组血清血糖、血脂水平,并对比两组病患冠脉造影病变特点。最后进行一年随访,记录心肌梗死发生率。结果观察组血清中HbA1c(8.44±0.78)%、FBG(7.19±0.48)mmol/L、VLDL-C水平(0.77±0.13)mmol/L高于对照组的(4.61±0.52)%、(5.12±0.37)mmol/L、0.42±0.06(mmol/L),HDL-C水平(0.97±0.11)mmol/L显著低于对照组的(1.08±0.18)mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组间TC、TG、LDL-C水平比较无显著差异(P0.05)。并且观察组多支病变比率为22.03%,显著低于对照组的57.65%,而单支病变比率为40.68%,高于对照组的14.12%。两组冠脉病变血管分布以LAD为主,无显著性差异。观察组心肌梗死发生率为59.325%(35/59),显著高于对照组的7.05%(6/85),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者HbA1c处于较高水平,伴随着血脂水平异常,同时加大心肌梗死发生率,且冠脉病变严重程度更大。     

Comparison of coronary artery calcification and some coronary artery calcification risk factors in patients on haemodialysis and in patients with type 2 diabetes

Patients on haemodialysis (HD) and patients with type 2 diabetes are at high-risk for coronary artery calcification (CAC). The coronary artery calcium score (CACS), quantified by computed tomography, cannot be completely explained by traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. CAC was measured in 45 non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients on HD and in 45 matched type 2 diabetes patients without diabetic nephropathy. Serum calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), fetuin-A, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), albumin, homocysteine, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and femoral neck bone mineral density were also measured. No differences were observed in patient distribution across the CACS risk categories between the two groups. Significant differences were observed in serum calcium, phosphate, 25(OH)D, alkaline phosphatase, iPTH, fetuin-A, hsCRP, homocysteine and triglycerides between the two patient groups. Further research into the diverse, numerous and often interlinked factors that influence CAC in different groups of patients is warranted.     

二甲双胍对2型糖尿病合并冠状动脉病变的影响

目的研究二甲双胍对糖尿病合并冠状动脉病变的影响。方法 253例糖尿病合并冠心病患者按照随机数字表法分为二甲双胍组(500 mg,3次/天)及吡格列酮组(15 mg,1次/天),疗程12个月。观察血管内皮功能、胰岛B细胞功能、冠状动脉造影的变化。结果与治疗前相比,治疗12个月后两组患者的血糖、胰岛抵抗指数均显著下降,空腹及餐后胰岛素水平、胰岛B细胞功能均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗12个月后两组间的血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛素水平、胰岛B细胞功能比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);但治疗12个月后二甲双胍组的体质量指数低于吡格列酮组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗12个月后二甲双胍组的冠状动脉三支病变及弥漫性血管病变发生率较治疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),二甲双胍组的冠状动脉三支病变及弥漫性血管病变发生率较吡格列酮组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论二甲双胍与吡格列酮对2型糖尿病患者均具有明显的降糖、改善胰岛功能、降低胰岛素抵抗的作用。在降低体质量指数及改善糖尿病合并冠状动脉病变方面,二甲双胍优于吡格列酮组。