消炎痛雾化吸入对慢性支气管炎的疗效观察

采用随机、单盲、安慰剂及正常对照的方法，观察了４８例慢性支气管炎（慢支）急性发作期患者痰及血中６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１ａ（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）含量的变化以及它们与疾量，痰干／湿比，肺活量实测值占预计值百分比（ＶＣ％），１秒用力肺活量占用力肺活量百分比（ＦＥＶ１％）的相关性。并观察了消炎痛对它们的影响。结果表明：慢支患者痰及血中６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ｕ及ＴＸＢ２均高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。痰及血中６—ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ和ＴＸＢ２与痰量和疾干／湿比里正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）；与ＶＣ％和ＦＥＶ１％呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。与安慰剂组相比消炎痛雾化吸入可明显降低慢支患者的痰量，痰粘度和血沉（Ｐ＜０．０１）；明显提高ＶＣ％和ＦＥＶ１％（Ｐ值分别小于０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；明显缩短病程（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

老年原发性高血压患者尿液TxB_2、6－k－PGF_（1α）及血浆ET－1的临床意义

测定３２例老年原发性高血压患者、９例健康老年人及１０例健康青年人的尿液血栓素Ｂ２（ＴｘＢ２）、尿６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α）和血浆内皮素（ＥＴ－１）的浓度。结果表明，健康老年人较健康青年人尿中ＴｘＢ２有升高（ｔ＝４．０７，Ｐ＜０．００１），６－ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α降低（ｔ＝１２．２２，Ｐ＜０．００１），血ＥＴ－１差异无显著性（ｔ＝１．０３７，Ｐ＞０．０５）；而老年原发性高血压组较老年健康组尿液ＴｘＢ２和血浆ＥＴ－１升高，尿液６－ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α则降低，且随病情加重其间差异愈明显。这说明前列腺素和内皮素在高血压的发生、发展中均起重要调节作用。以尿液ＴｘＢ２、６－ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α及血浆ＥＴ－１值观察老年人原发性高血压的病情变化具有一定临床价值。     

老龄大鼠血小板与动脉组织花生四烯酸代谢的变化

测定了不同月龄大鼠血小板聚集率、花生四烯酸诱导的血小板ＴｘＢ２和动脉组织６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α、ＴｘＢ２含量以及动脉前列环素样活性，并与青年大鼠比较。结果表明，老龄大鼠血小板聚集率（７１．１±１４．７％）明显高于青年组（４４．３±１４．４％）（Ｐ＜０．０１），血小板ＴｘＢ２水平（１１５．９±４５．９ｎｇ／３×１０８血小板）增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而动脉组织中６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α（２２１．１±１１２．７ｐｇ／ｍｇ）和前列环素样活性（５７．１±２２．９％）显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），动脉的ＴｘＢ２水平（２３３．６±６４．０ｐｇ／ｍｇ干重血小板）无明显改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示老龄大鼠血小板花生四烯酸代谢增强和动脉组织花生四烯酸代谢降低以及动脉抑制血小板聚集的活性低下，这些改变可能是血小板功能随增龄而增强的主要机制之一。     

老年原发性高血压患者尿液TxB2,6—k—PGF1α及血浆ET—1的…

测定３２例老年原发性高血压患者，９例健康老年人及１０例健康人的尿液血栓素Ｂ２（ＴｘＢ２）尿６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α）和血浆内皮素（ＥＴ－１）的浓度。结果表明，健康老年人较健康青年人尿中ＴｘＢ２有升高（ｔ＝４．０７，Ｐ＜０．００１），６－ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α降低（ｔ＝１２．２２，Ｐ＜０．００１），血ＥＴ－１差异无显著性（ｔ＝１．０３７，Ｐ＞０．０５）；而老年原发性高血压组较老年健康组尿液     

灯盏细辛对犬急性心肌缺血时血小板聚集功能、TxB_2和6－酮－PGF_（1α）的影响

本实验观察灯盏细辛对犬急性心肌缺血早期血小板聚集功能、血小板血栓素Ｂ２（ＴｘＢ２）和６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α的影响。结果表明：灯盏细辛能够明显抑制缺血后血小板聚集功能、ＴｘＢ２和ＴｘＢ２／６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α比值的增高，并且能够恢复冠脉阻断后６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α的水平。与对照组相比，灯盏细辛组或潘生丁组在缺血后５、１０、３０、６０分钟时ＴｘＢ２／６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α、ＴｘＢ２浓度两组差异均有显著性。随着时间的推延，两组的差异越大，在６０分钟最显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。值得注意，冠脉阻断后６０分钟，灯盏细辛组６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α并未下降而继续上升，其值恢复至冠脉阻断前水平。     

晚期血吸虫病患者血浆TXB_2和6－keto－PGF_（1a）测定及其意义

用放射免疫法测定３７例晚期血吸虫病（晚血）患者和３０例正常人血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ。结果晚血患者ＴＸＢ２显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）．而６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ则显著增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）。其中晚血出血患者ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ的变化更显著。晚血患者平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）显著低于正常人，且ＭＡＰ与６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ呈负相关。提示晚血患者体内ＴＸＡ２－ＰＧＩ２平衡失调，与患者体循环和内脏循环血液动力学变化及出血的病理过程有关。     

慢性支气管炎合并支气管哮喘临床特点探讨

观察了慢性支气管炎合并支气管哮喘、哮喘及慢性单纯型支气管炎的临床特点及发病机理。结果表明慢性支气管炎合并支气管哮喘与哮喘可有其它过敏性疾病及过敏性疾病家族史，发病前均有明显诱因，发作迅速，治疗需用肾上腺糖皮质激素；静脉血血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）均升高，６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１．（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ）均降低，西二醛（ＭＤＡ）均升高，两组均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），但均较慢性单纯型支气管炎有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；静滴地塞米松１周后气通阻塞可逆性测定阳性率均明显高于慢性单纯型支气管炎，且有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

高血压病合并高胰岛素血症患者血浆凝血■烷B_2及6－酮－前列腺素F_（1α）的变化

目的：研究血浆凝血烷Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２，血栓素Ｂ２）及６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）在原发性高血压（高血压病）伴高胰岛素血症患者中的变化。方法：对４０例高血压病伴高胰岛素血症患者及３０例正常人进行口服糖耐量、胰岛素释放水平测定，在糖耐量过程中进行血压、血浆ＴＸＢ２及６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α的观察。结果：与正常组比较，高血压病组基础及糖刺激后血浆胰岛素水平显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＴＸＢ２增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）及６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α水平显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：高血压合并高胰岛素血症时，血浆ＴＸＢ２增高、ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α比值升高在高血压的发生发展中起着重要作用。     

益心Ⅰ和益心Ⅱ治疗慢性肺心病心衰的临床及实验研究

本文以口服益心Ⅰ、益心Ⅱ治疗２５例慢性肺心病心衰患者，总有效率为９２％。实验表明：两药能明显抑制去甲肾上腺素引起兔肺动脉环收缩（Ｐ＜０．０１）；明显增加兔肾血流量及尿量（Ｐ＜０．０５，＜０．０１）；提高肺心病心衰患者的６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α（Ｐ＜０．０５），使血浆ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α降低并接近正常。提示两药治疗肺心病心衰可能通过扩张肺动脉，改善肾血流量及增加尿量，增加血浆ＰＧＩ２含量、恢复ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２的平衡。     

血浆花生四烯酸代谢紊乱在大鼠急性胰腺炎肝脏损害发病机理中的作用

目的探讨急性胰腺炎肝脏受损与血浆花生四烯酸紊乱的关系．方法同时观察不同程度急性胰腺炎大鼠（ｎ＝１４０）肝脏受损情况和血浆花生四烯酸代谢产物血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）和６酮前列腺素Ｆ１α（６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α）的变化关系，并对急性胰腺炎时大鼠胰腺和肝脏组织病理学观察．结果发现急性出血坏死性胰腺炎大鼠肝脏发生明显病变，其程度与胰腺病理程度一致，急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时血浆ＴＸＢ２从对照组的１２１ｎｇ／Ｌ±２７ｎｇ／Ｌ上升至ＡＰ后２ｈ的３９９ｎｇ／Ｌ±１３１ｎｇ／Ｌ和４ｈ的６０７ｎｇ／Ｌ±１７４ｎｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜００１），ＴＸＢ２／６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α异常（Ｐ＜００１），而ＴＸＢ２／６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α比值变化与肝脏病理变化呈正相关（ｒｓ＝０８８９７，Ｐ＜００１）．通过异搏定治疗可明显改善胰腺病理损害和稳定血浆花生四烯酸代谢，明显减轻肝脏的损害．结论急性胰腺炎伴发的肝脏损害的发生发展与血浆花生四烯酸代谢紊乱有关     

Gefitinib affects functions of platelets and blood vessels via changes in prostanoids balance.

Prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane (TX) produced by cyclooxygenase (COX) have a great influence on vascular systems and platelet functions. The serum levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and PGs were measured in patients with lung cancer treated with gefitinib, and the influence of EGF on platelet aggregation was investigated. Twenty patients were investigated. The serum level of TXB(2) increased significantly in all patients who received gefitinib for 2 weeks (before vs. after = 94.1 +/- 47.3 vs. 190.9 +/- 54.3, p<0.01). TXB(2) also increased significantly in responders without concurrent chemotherapy (before vs. after = 79.3 +/- 35.5 vs. 194.5 +/- 58.1, p<0.05), but not in non-responders (before vs. after = 106. 5 +/- 65.8 vs. 162.2 +/- 52.8, N.S.). PG 6-keto F1alpha and PGE(2) did not exhibit significant changes. Furthermore, EGF showed no significant change (after vs. before = 234 +/- 35 vs. 276 +/- 72, N.S.). Although there was no correlation between the levels of EGF and TXB(2) (N.S.), the PG 6-keto F2alpha/TXB(2) ratio decreased significantly (before vs. after = 0.054 +/- 0.018 vs 0.033 +/- 0.015, p<0.05). The secondary platelet aggregation observed after high-dose adenosine diphosphate stimulation was inhibited after a 1-minute preincubation with EGF. Platelet aggregation in patients after gefitinib administration tended to accelerate and secondary aggregation was observed after low-dose adenosine diphosphate stimulation. We conclude that careful observation is needed for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and thromboembolic diseases receiving gefitinib. Furthermore, measurement of prostanoids may be a good predictor of the beneficial and adverse effects. Moreover, the combination of gefitinib with a COX inhibitor that regulates TXA(2)/PGI(2) balance should be evaluated.     

Correlation between blood prostaglandins, plasma lipids and atherosclerosis in dialyzed patients

The correlations between the degree of atherosclerosis, plasma prostaglandins (PGs) and plasma lipids were examined in maintenance hemodialyzed patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The degree of atherosclerosis was evaluated by pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the aorta. Plasma PGs were radioimmunoassayed. PWV was significantly higher in hemodialyzed patients compared to sex- and age-matched healthy controls. PWV correlated with the plasma thromboxane A2 (TXB2) level and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio in hemodialyzed patients, without a significant difference between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups. The plasma lipid profile was type IV of the WHO classification in both the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, and PWV did not correlate with these lipid abnormalities. Though not significantly, the decreases in plasma PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and the increase in TXB2 correlated with the degree of type IV hyperlipidemia. The results suggest that plasma PG abnormalities might correlate with the degree of atherosclerosis in hemodialyzed patients.     

消化性溃疡患者血前列腺素和血栓素的测定及意义

对34例消化性溃疡和25例正常人的血浆TXB、6-酮-PGF_1进行了测定,结果表明.溃疡组各期(?)TXB_2/6-酮-PGF_1)比值均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),溃疡组活动期患者的TXB(?)含量明显高于愈合期及对照组(P<0.05),且各期患者的6-酮—PGF含量和对照组比较无差异(P>0.05)。溃疡组中Hp组阳性及Hp阴 性患者的TXB 6-酮-PGF_1及TXB_2/6-酮-PGF_1比较均无差异(P>0.05);提示消化性溃疡存在TXB_2—PGF_1的失衡.其可能参与消化性溃疡的发病,Hp感染不影响溃疡患者血中TXB_2及PGF_1的含量 TXB_2增高可能是活动期溃疡周围炎症反应所     

Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 specifically increase the release of prostaglandin E2 from rat hypothalamic explants in vitro.

It has previously been shown that the cytokines interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 (IL-1 beta and IL-6) stimulate directly the release of corticotrophin-releasing-hormone-41 from the rat hypothalamus in vitro, while IL-1 beta can also stimulate the release of somatostatin. These effects can be antagonized by drugs which block prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. PGs are also involved in the control of hypothalamic neuropeptides by other neurotransmitters. In the present study, we have characterized the production of PGs from the rat hypothalamus in vitro, and investigated the effects of IL-1 beta and IL-6, as well as the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, on the acute release of PGs, using a well-validated acute hypothalamic incubation system. The rate of release of PGs [PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6KPGF1 alpha) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in the medium was found to stabilize after 60 min of preincubation and thereafter remain constant, with TXB2 being the predominant species. Twenty-minute incubation in the presence of human recombinant IL-1 beta or IL-6, in the dose range 1-100 U/ml, had no effect on the release of PGF2 alpha, 6KPGF1 alpha or TXB2; however, the release of PGE2 was significantly increased by both IL-1 beta and IL-6. The effect of IL-1 beta was antagonized by both indomethacin and dexamethasone. None of the other neurotransmitters tested had any effect on the release of any of the PGs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

高血压病人血浆同型半胱氨酸等活性物质浓度的变化及其意义

目的：探讨同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、肾上腺髓质素（ADM）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）与血栓素B2（TXB2）等血管活性物质与原发性高血压（EH）的关系。方法：随机选取未经治疗的EH病人42例作为研究组，按高血压分级标准分为3个亚组，对照组由20例同期健康体检的正常人组成。采受试者空腹静脉血，用荧光法定量检测Hey，以放射免疫法检测ADM、CGRP与TXB2。结果：（1）研究组血浆Hey、ADM、TXB2三者浓度明显高于对照组．而CGRP水平明显下降，有显著性差异（P均〈0.01）；（2）研究组三个亚组l级组、2级组和3级组Hcy、ADM、TXBz水平随着血压分级升高而升高，CGRP随血压分级升高而降低，组间差别有显著性（P〈0．01）；（3）研究组血浆Hcy与ADM浓度呈显著正相关（r=0．941。P〈0.01），与CGRP呈负相关（r=-0．480，P〈0．01）；其余相关性均不显著。结论：血浆同型半胱氨酸、肾上腺髓质素、降钙素基因相关肽与血栓素的含量变化与高血压病的血压升高有紧密联系。提示它们参与了高血压的发生与发展。     

NIDDM肾病尿前列腺素的变化及其意义

作者探讨了ＮＩＤＤＭ肾病尿前列腺素（ＰＧｓ）的来源、变化的机制及意义。结果表明其主要来自肾脏；肾病早期尿ＴＸＢ２和ＰＧＥ２即显著升高，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α无明显变化；ＴＸＢ２升高与肾功能减退及蛋白质有关，并可提示肾脏早期受损；ＰＧＥ２升高则属肾病的自身保护反应。这些变化可能与肾小球病损及肾脏血流动力学异常有关。     

阿司匹林和西洛他唑对冠心病合并糖尿病患者血小板聚集活性的影响

目的:探讨阿司匹林对冠心病合并糖尿病患者血小板聚集活性的影响;西洛他唑对血小板聚集活性作用是否有类似改变。方法:入选的冠心病患者中合并与合并2型糖尿病患者各45例。根据其口服药物又分为阿司匹林组、西洛他唑组和联合用药组,每组各15例。记录患者基本情况并测定血小板聚集活性、血浆血栓素(TX)B2、6-K-前列腺素(PG)F1a和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平,并进行统计分析。结果:(1)多元逐步回归分析显示血糖是影响血小板聚集的独立因素(R=0.914,P<0.01);(2)方差分析显示糖尿病患者血小板聚集活性、血浆TXB2、MPO水平较非糖尿病患者明显增高,6-K-PGF1a水平降低(P<0.001);(3)非糖尿病患者阿司匹林组和西洛他唑组血小板聚集活性和TXB2没有明显差异,西洛他唑组血浆6-K-PGF1a水平高于阿司匹林组,而MPO水平低于阿司匹林组(P<0.001);糖尿病患者西洛他唑组血小板聚集活性、TXB2和MPO水平低于阿司匹林组,而6-K-PGF1a水平高于阿司匹林组(P<0.05~0.001)。结论:对冠心病合并糖尿病患者西洛他唑较阿司匹林可以更有效地抑制血小板聚集。     

溃疡宁治疗和维持治疗消化性溃疡的临床研究

用中药溃疡宁对70例消化性溃疡患者进行治疗及维持治疗，并与雷尼替丁及灭滴灵联用组对照，结果两组经过4～8周的治疗后，溃疡愈合率相似（P＞0．05）；而幽门螺杆菌的清除率治疗组明显优于对照组（P＜0．01）；维持治疗1年内消化性溃疡的复发率治疗组显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结果提示溃疡宁是治疗和维持治疗消化性溃疡的有效药物。     

Protective action of endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in endoscopic polypectomy-induced human ulcers

To assess how endogenous prostaglandin (PG) in gastric mucosa acts against ulcer formation, we determined the mucosal prostacyclin (PGI2), PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and thromboxane A2(TXA2) concentrations before and after polypectomy in 6 patients in whom gastric ulcers were produced by electric burning resection of gastric polyps. These artificially induced ulcers all healed within short periods (25.7 +/- 7.4 days, mean +/- SE). Of the PGs assayed, the level of PGI2 was highest. The pG levels were increased at 4 and 7 days post-polypectomy; the most remarkable increase took place in the mucosa along the ulcer margin rather than the mucosa far from the ulcer site. We suggest that the observed increase in endogenous PGs represents a physiological response against polypectomy-induced ulcer formation.     

巯甲丙脯酸对早期NIDDM患者肾血流动力学、前列腺素及尿白蛋白的影响

对２９例血压正常、多次尿蛋白定性阴性的早期ＮＩＤＤＭ患者在用巯甲丙脯酸（ＣＰＴ）治疗２周前、后的肾血流动力学及肾前列腺素的变化进行了观察。结果表明ＮＩＤＤＭ早期存在肾小球滤过率（ＧＦＲ）、滤过分数（ＦＦ）以及肾前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的增加，ＣＰＹ治疗后，选择性地降低了患者ＧＦＲ、ＦＦ及肾ＰＧＩ２，同时减少了尿微白蛋白的排泄。提示ＣＰＴ对早期糖尿病肾病的防治具有重要意义。