红母鸡草的显微鉴别

目的 研究红母鸡草的生药鉴别特征.方法 对药材进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别.结果 红母鸡草根的皮层较窄,可见大量方晶;茎的皮层、韧皮部、髓部可见大量方晶和柱晶,皮层厚角组织成环;叶主脉维管束外韧形,薄壁细胞中亦可见方晶.结论 所做研究可为红母鸡草药材的鉴别研究和开发利用提供参考依据.     

Antiamnesic effects of Desmodium gangeticum in mice

Dementia is a mental disorder characterized by loss of intellectual ability sufficiently severe enough to interfere with one's occupational or social activities. Desmodium gangeticum commonly known as Salparni, is widely used in ayurveda for the treatment of neurological disorders. The present work was designed to assess the potential of aqueous extract of D. gangeticum (DG) as a nootropic agent in mice. DG (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered for 7 successive days to both young and older mice. Exteroceptive behavioral models such as elevated plus maze and passive avoidance paradigm were employed to evaluate learning and memory. Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) induced amnesia and ageing induced amnesia were the interoceptive behavioral models. To delineate the mechanism by which DG exerts nootropic activity, the effect of DG on whole brain AChE activity was also assessed. Piracetam (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a standard nootropic agent. Pretreatment with DG (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) for seven successive days significantly improved learning and memory in mice and reversed the amnesia induced by both, scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and natural ageing. DG also decreased whole brain acetyl cholinesterase activity. Hence, D. gangeticum appears to be a promising candidate for improving memory and it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of dementia and Alzheimer disease.     

Effect of Desmodium gangeticum extract on blood glucose in rats and on insulin secretion in vitro

Desmodium gangeticum is widely used in the indigenous system of medicine in India and is reported to contain flavone and isoflavonoid glycosides. It forms the ingredient of many Ayurvedic formulations used for diabetes. The present study was thus aimed at evaluating the insulin secretion and antidiabetic activity of Desmodium gangeticum. Treatment of diabetic rats with aerial parts of D. gangeticum extract (DG, 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks showed a significant reduction in blood glucose. D. gangeticum extract caused a significant increase in insulin secretion from MIN6 cells grown as monolayers and as pseudoislets, indicating that the antidiabetic activity may be as a result of increased insulin secretion. It also had a role on the lipid profile of the rats by causing reductions in cholesterol and triglycerides and increasing the HDL significantly (p < 0.05). This works supports the traditional use of D. gangeticum in the treatment of diabetes and this is likely to be due, at least in part, to its stimulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic islet cells.     

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds from Desmodium caudatum leaves and stems

Four flavanonols (1–4), one xanthone (5), and three flavonoid glycosides (6–8), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Desmodium caudatum. Their structures were elucidated by comparing spectroscopic data with reported values. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory effects on LPS-induced IL-6, IL-12 p40, and TNF-α production with IC₅₀ values ranging from 6.0 to 29.4 μM. Compound 5 exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging activity in human HaCaT keratinocytes. These results warrant further studies of the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits of compounds from D. caudatum.     

The effects of aqueous extracts of Desmodium gangeticum DC. (Leguminosae) on the central nervous system.

The aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum DC. (Leguminosae) showed no analgesic activity in the hot plate method, but it showed severe anti-writhing activity in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing assay. It exhibited moderate central nervous system depressant activity in the spontaneous motor activity, hole cross, and open field tests and hole board tests. The effects of this extract on locomotion were compared with some standard CNS drugs.     

新型查尔酮类化合物TPY的抗氧化及抗菌活性研究

目的 研究查尔酮类化合物TPY的抗氧化、抗菌活性.方法 测定TPY对DPPH·清除能力和总还原能力,测定TPY对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌和变形杆菌等菌种的体外抑菌作用.结果 TPY的抗氧化能力呈现出明显的剂量依赖关系,具有良好的抗氧化活性.TPY对5种病菌具有不同程度的抑制作用.结论 TPY可作为一种理想的抗氧化和抑菌添加剂.     

Methanol extract of Desmodium gangeticum roots preserves mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, protecting rat heart against oxidative stress induced by reperfusion injury

Ischaemia and reperfusion result in mitochondrial dysfunction, with decreased oxidative capacity, loss of cytochrome c and generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a methanol extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L) DC (Fabaceae) (DG) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in mitochondria and tissue homogenates of normal, ischaemic and ischaemia-reperfused rats. Myocardial lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS) in cardiac tissue homogenates and mitochondrial fractions were significantly increased during ischaemia reperfusion. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase) in the myocardial tissue homogenate and mitochondria decreased significantly during ischaemia reperfusion, accompanied by a decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. Daily pretreatment of rats with DG (50 or 100 mgkg(-1)) orally for 30 days had a significant effect on the activity of mitochondrial and antioxidant enzymes. In-vitro studies showed that DG inhibited lipid peroxidation, and also scavenged hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. The concentrations required to scavenge 50% of the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were 21 and 50.5 microgmL(-1), respectively. Administration of DG to normal rats did not have any significant effect on any of the parameters studied. The results of our study showed that DG possesses the ability to scavenge the free radicals generated during ischaemia and ischaemia reperfusion and thereby preserves the mitochondrial respiratory enzymes that eventually lead to cardioprotection.     

Role of Mitochondrial Enzymes and Sarcoplasmic ATPase in Cardioprotection Mediated by Aqueous Extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L) DC Root on Ischemic Reperfusion Injury

The present study investigate the protective effect of aqueous root extract of Desmodium gangeticum in preserving mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic ATPase during ischemia reperfusion injury. The isolated rat hearts in both drug and control group were subjected to warm ischemia (37°), followed by reperfusion with the Langendorff perfusion system. The aqueous root extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight was found to be effective in the rat heart for the management of ischemic reperfusion injury. Physiological parameters were significantly (P<0.05) improved in drug treated rat hearts. Creatine phosphokinase in coronary perfusate found to be declined. Moreover, sarcoplasmic ATPase and mitochondrial enzymes were significantly (P<0.05) improved in drug treated rat hearts. In fact, histological analysis of the myocardium also suggested an improved ultra structure in Desmodium gangeticum treated rat heart. These results suggest that Desmodium gangeticum aqueous root extract can preserve the mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic ATPase in the myocardium, resulting in the improvement of cardiac function after ischemia reperfusion injury.     

Analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and antipyretic activities of the ethanol extract from Desmodium caudatum

Context: In folk medicine in China, Desmodium caudatum (Thunb.) DC (Leguminosae) has been used to treat febrile diseases, rheumatic arthritis, and bacillary dysentery; nevertheless, there have been no reports on the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects of this plant in animals.

Objective: To investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities of D. caudatum extract (DCE) in animals.

Materials and methods: The analgesic effect of DCE was measured in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the hot-plate test. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and the dimethylbenzene-induced mouse inflammation model. The antipyretic effect was estimated using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat fever model. In addition, the acute oral toxicity of DCE was studied.

Results: DCE significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the writhing responses in mice, increased reaction time in mice in the hot-plate test, reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and the dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema in mice, and attenuated LPS-induced fever in rats. Furthermore, no death was observed when mice were orally administered DCE up to 40?g/kg.

Discussion and conclusion: DCE possesses evident analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities, and has a favorable safety, which supports the use of D. caudatum as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drug in folk medicine.     

槲皮素与锌离子结合性质及抗氧化活性研究

目的 研究槲皮素与其锌离子（Zn²⁺）配合物的抗氧化性能。方法 通过紫外/可见分光光度法测定槲皮素与Zn²⁺的结合比例及结合常数,结合核磁共振技术确定其结合位点,以1,1-二苯基苯肼（DPPH）为探针,比较研究槲皮素与其Zn²⁺配合物的抗氧化性能。结果 当槲皮素中低于2个酚羟基被中和时,槲皮素与Zn²⁺的饱和结合比为2：1;当超过3个酚羟基被中和时,槲皮素与Zn²⁺的结合比为1：1,此时槲皮素-Zn²⁺的表观结合常数为2.42×10⁶ M^-1。槲皮素的3''-O、4''-O参与了与Zn²⁺的配位。槲皮素-Zn²⁺配合物清除DPPH自由基的活性比槲皮素本身高出2.3倍。结论 Zn²⁺可与槲皮素形成稳定的配合物,且其比槲皮素本身具有更高效的抗氧化性能,这为传统中药槲皮素的应用提供了新思路。     

几种香茶菜属二萜类化合物的抗氧化作用

目的　了解香茶菜属二萜类化合物冬凌草乙素(Pon)、香茶菜醛 (Ame)、毛叶香茶菜醇 (Iso)是否具有抗氧化作用。方法　用分光光度法测定Fenton反应体系中细胞色素C(Ⅱ )的含量 ,了解清除·OH的能力 ;用紫外分光光度法测定N-2 的含量 ,了解清除O-·2 的能力 ,用DTNB法测定GSH的含量。结果　Orid、Pon、Ame、Iso ,5 0、10 0、2 0 0 μmol·L-1可清除H2 O2 Fe2 + 反应体系中产生的·OH ,且呈剂量依赖关系。Orid、Pon、Ame、Iso ,4 0 0、80 0 μmol·L-1可清除黄嘌呤 -黄嘌呤氧化酶系统产生的NO-2 。Orid、Pon、Ame、Iso ,1、2 μmol·L-1可明显的减少LPS刺激巨噬细胞产生的NO-2 。Orid、Pon、Ame、Iso ,2、4 μmol·L-1可明显抑制CCl4造成的GSH含量降低 ,具有剂量依赖性。结论　Orid、Pon、Ame、Iso能有效地清除羟自由基和一氧化氮 ,抑制脂质过氧化而产生抗氧化作用     

林蛙皮的抗氧化性研究

目的 研究林蛙皮的抗氧化性.方法 以1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)清除能力作为考察指标,通过正交实验确定林蛙皮抗氧化物质的最佳提取方案,并进一步测定林蛙皮提取液的清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子的能力,综合分析林蛙皮的抗氧化能力.结果 林蛙皮抗氧化物质提取的最优方案为:采用冷冻干燥的方式,用蒸馏水在50 ℃下提取30 min,其DPPH·清除率达79.12%,且DPPH·的清除能力随浓度增加而增强;林蛙皮水提物也表现出较强的·OH清除能力,但对O2-.的清除能力较弱.结论 林蛙皮水提液对DPPH·和·OH具有很好的抗氧化性,但对O2-.作用不明显.     

飞龙掌血提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的研究飞龙掌血体外不同极性部位的抗氧化作用。方法采用Fenton法、DPPH自由基法、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法,测定飞龙掌血总提取物(TEF)、石油醚萃取相(PEF)、乙酸乙酯萃取相(EAF)、正丁醇萃取相(NBF)和剩余水相(WF)的抗氧化活性。结果 TEP、PEF、EAF、NBF和WF对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基均有较好的清除作用,且对自由基的清除效率与提取物质量浓度有一定量效关系;适当质量浓度的TEP、PEF、EAF、NBF对脂质过氧化有较强的抑制作用,高浓度WF对脂质过氧化有诱导作用。结论飞龙掌血提取物具有体外抗氧化作用,可被开发成天然的抗氧化剂。