非小细胞肺癌外周血微转移的研究现状

非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)是常见的恶性肿瘤,治疗效果不佳,许多在术中证实为淋巴结阴性的患者仍在术后出现复发或转移的现象,这可能是常规的病理手段无法发现的微转移病灶所致。目前免疫组织化学和聚合酶链反应等技术已经应用于外周血、骨髓和肿瘤附近淋巴结中微转移灶的检测,然而微转移的检测指标的选择和临床意义仍未达成共识。     

肺癌淋巴结微转移灶检测的分期及预后价值

目的 通过免疫组织化学的方法检测非小细胞肺癌患者术后常规病理检查为阴性淋巴结的徽转移灶，研究其对分期的影响。方法 以行肺癌根治性手术的39例患者为对象，采用免疫组织化学角蛋白(CK)染色的方法检测术后常规病理学检查为阴性淋巴结中的微转移灶，研究其检出对分期的影响。结果 在39倒患者的90枚阴性淋巴鳍中，22例患者(56．4％)的26枚淋巴结(28．89％)检出微转移灶。常规临床分期N0期中，有淋巴结微转移灶患者的生存期（27个月)与无淋巴结微转移灶者(57个月)的差异有显著性(P=0．0246)；而N0、N1期有淋巴结微转移灶患者的生存期与N2期无淋巴结微转移灶者的差异无显著性(P=0．93)。有复发转移(81％)与无复发转移(39％)患者的淋巴结微转移率的差异有显著性(P=0．02)；有、无微转移灶患者的生存期分别为32和48个月、3年生存率分别为35％和75％(P=0．0178)。结论 目前常规的肿瘤TMN分期方法存在一定缺陷，而淋巴结微转移灶的检测将有助于更精确的分期。淋巴结微转移灶的检测可作为非小细胞肺癌患者手术后的一个重要预后指标。     

MMP-3和TIMP-3在非小细胞肺癌及其转移灶中表达研究

目的研究基质金属蛋白酶-3（MMP-3）及其抑制物组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-3（TIMP-3）在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法通过免疫组化的方法检测97例非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）原发灶及其淋巴结转移灶中MMP-3和TIMP-3的表达。结果MMP-3在淋巴结转移灶中的阳性率（74.1%）显著高于原发灶中的阳性率（56.7%,P〈0.05）,而TIMP-3在转移灶中的阳性率（37.03%）显著低于原发灶中的阳性率（64.9%,P〈0.05）;MMP-3和TIMP-3在NSCLC原发及转移灶中表达均具有相关性（P〈0.05）,且呈负相关（r=-0.29）。结论MMP-3和TIMP-3的表达与NSCLC淋巴结转移密切相关,且转移灶癌细胞MMP-3的表达明显增强,TIMP-3的表达明显下降,可作为临床判断NSCLC恶性程度、淋巴结转移的重要参考指标。     

非小细胞肺癌组织Slug和E-cadherin表达及意义

目的 检测E-钙黏素(E-cadherin)和锌指转录因子Slug在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织及相应淋巴结转移灶中的表达.探讨二者的相关性及与NSCl,C转移的关系.方法 应用免疫组化SP法,检测80例NSCLC及相应淋巴结转移灶中Ecadherin和Slug蛋白的表达情况.结果 Ecadherin和Slug在NSCLC原发灶与相应淋巴结转移灶中阳性表达强度差异有显著性(Z=-2.009,P<0.05).在NSCLC组织中,Ecadherin和Slug蛋白的阳性表达与癌组织的分化程度、TNM分期及有无淋巴结转移有关(Z=3.142～-2.110,P<0.05);在NSCLC组织中Ecadherin和Slug蛋白的表达呈负相关(r=-0.228,P<0.05).结论 Eeadherin和Slug蛋白可能在NSCLC浸润转移中发挥着重要作用.     

SLC及其受体CCR7与Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移的相关性

目的 探讨溶质载体蛋白（SLC）及其受体趋化因子受体7（CCR7）与I期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）淋巴结微转移的相关性。方法 选取2019年1月~2020年3月于我院就诊的I期NSCLC患者127例为研究对象，按照淋巴结微转移情况分为对照组92例和转移组35例，所有患者入院后均通过根治术切除病灶，通过免疫组化方式检测病灶中SLC7A11及CCR7含量，并收集患者临床资料、实验室检查资料及影像学检查资料。通过Logistic回归分析评价SLC7A11及CCR7与淋巴结微转移之间的关系。最后通过建立ROC曲线分析两者及其联合检测对NSCLC患者微淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果 两组患者SLC7A11及CCR7表达水平存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。转移组患者病灶直径、支气管受累及TLG显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。病灶直径（OR=49.254,95%CI=11.062~507.604）是影响NSCLC淋巴结微转移的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。SLC7A11（OR=8.622）及CCR7（OR=8.709）表达水平是影响NSCLC淋巴结微转移的独立因素（P＜0.05）。SLC7A11、CCR7及联合诊断对NSCLC淋巴结微转移具有较好的检测价值（均P＜0.05）。联合检测特异度显著高于 SLC7A11及CCR7单独检测（2=7.292，15.125；均P＜0.01）。结论 SLC家族的中SLC7A11及其受体CCR7与NSCLC患者微淋巴结转移显著相关。     

非小细胞肺癌患者肺表面活性蛋白D mRNA(SP-DmRNA)的表达在手术患者中的意义

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌患者手术中淋巴结肺表面活性蛋白D mRNA(SP-DmRNA)的表达及其临床意义.方法 应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测34例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者手术中摘除的淋巴结组织中肺表面活性蛋白D mRNA的表达.结果 34例NSCLC患者肿瘤组织中D mRNA表达均为阳性,在18例肺部良性疾病对照患者病变肺组织中表达均为阴性.在34例NSCLC患者手术中摘除的淋巴结组织光镜证实有转移的淋巴结中D mRNA阳性表达率为85.7%(12/14),而光镜检查阴性的淋巴结中也有55%(11/20)SP-D mRNA表达.结论 通过检测淋巴结中SP-DmRNA可发现光镜下难以看到的微小肺癌淋巴结转移灶,因而可弥补常规病理检查的不足,早期发现微小转移灶和残留病灶.     

非小细胞肺癌组织中KAI1/CD82基因表达及意义

目的探讨KAI1/CD82基因在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达水平及在癌细胞发生侵袭、转移过程中的意义.方法采用S-P免疫组织化学方法检测62例NSCLC原发灶及22例淋巴结转移灶中KAI1/CD82蛋白的表达.结果 KAI1/CD82蛋白在NSCLC组织中阳性表达率32.26%,明显低于癌旁正常肺组织(85.0%, P<0.01).KAI1/CD82蛋白在低分化、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期及有淋巴结转移肿瘤中表达显著降低(P<0.05).22例淋巴结转移灶与原发灶表达水平配对比较分析,淋巴结转移灶中KAI1/CD82蛋白表达水平显著低于原发灶(P<0.05).结论 KAI1/CD82蛋白低表达可能参与了NSCLC的恶性进展,可作为判断NSCLC早期侵袭、转移的重要指标之一.     

检测非小细胞肺癌患者纵隔淋巴结微转移的临床意义

目的:采用分子生物学方法检测非小细胞肺癌(Non-small Cell Lung Cancer,NSCLC)患者纵隔淋巴结微转移情况,分析其与患者临床特征之间的关系,为临床合理的纵隔淋巴结廓清范围提供依据,使术后外科病理分期更加精确,以更好地拟定术后治疗方案。方法:随机选取2006年11月~2007年12月间在内蒙古医科大学附属医院胸心外科行肺癌根治术后的37例NSCLC患者为对象,应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,检测其术后常规病理学检查阴性的纵隔淋巴结中MUC1 mRNA基因的表达,以明确是否存在微转移灶。分析非小细胞肺癌患者纵隔淋巴微转移与原发肿瘤大小、年龄、性别、吸烟、肿瘤位置、组织学类型、分化程度、外科病理分期(P-FNM)、淋巴结大小、淋巴结融合之间的相关性。结果:在37例患者常规病理学检查阴性的50枚纵隔淋巴结中,13例患者的20枚淋巴结检出微转移灶,阳性率为35.1%(13/37),其中P-N0期纵隔淋巴结微转移率为29.2%(7/24),P-N1期为46.2%(6/13)。微转移与原发肿瘤大小、年龄、性别、吸烟之间无明显相关性(P>0.05),但与肿瘤位置、组织学类型、分化程度、分期、淋巴结大小、淋巴结融合情况等有一定的相关性(P<0.05)。外科病理分期(p-TNM)与分子TNM分期方法之间总符合率为64.9%,两者之间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:RT-PCR方法检测纵隔淋巴结MUClmRNA基因对非小细胞肺癌患者的预后及指导术后治疗有临床应用价值,并有望成为非小细胞肺癌患者手术后精确TNM分期一个重要的手段,可使目前的肿瘤TNM分期更加精确。     

非小细胞肺癌外周血及淋巴结中LUNX mRNA的表达及意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者外周血及淋巴结组织中肺特异性X蛋白(LUNX)mRNA的表达及其临床意义。方法采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测56例NSCLC患者及34例肺良性病变患者外周血及淋巴结组织中LUNX mRNA的表达情况,对比两组表达的差异,并分析其表达与NSCLC临床组织病理学特征的关系。结果病理组织学检查NSCLC淋巴结微转移阳性率为50.0%(28/56),RT-PCR法检查淋巴结组织LUNX mRNA阳性表达率为53.6%(30/56),两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.705)。NSCLC组外周血中LUNX mRNA阳性表达率为58.9%(33/56),在淋巴结组织中的阳性表达率为53.6%(30/56),两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.453);肺良性病变组外周血及淋巴结组织中均无LUNX mRNA表达,NSCLC组外周血及淋巴结组织中LUNX mRNA阳性表达率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P均0.01)。外周血和淋巴结组织中LUNX mRNA阳性表达率与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移和临床分期均有关(P0.05),与患者年龄、性别、有无吸烟以及病理类型、肿瘤部位等均无关(P0.05)。结论外周血和淋巴结中LUNX mRNA的表达是肺癌微转移的一个潜在的特异性指标,外周血LUNX mRNA可能更具敏感性,LUNX mRNA的检测对预后评估具有重要的临床意义。     

免疫组化法和RT-PCR法检测胃癌淋巴结微转移

目的 :应用免疫组化方法和RT PCR方法检测常规病理检查淋巴结阴性胃癌之淋巴结微转移 ,比较两种检测方法的敏感性同时探讨检测胃癌淋巴结微转移的临床意义。方法 :采用CEA单克隆抗体免疫组织化学方法和CEAmRNART PCR方法分别检测 11例常规病理检查淋巴结阴性胃癌的 2 0 5枚淋巴结。结果 :CEA单克隆抗体免疫组织化学法检出 18枚 (8.8% )微转移淋巴结 ,而CEAmRNART PCR法共检出 46枚 (2 2 .4% )微转移淋巴结 ,两者比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。 11例患者中有 6例存在淋巴结微转移 ,此 6例患者的重新TNM分期均有所上升。随访中发现有 2例微转移阳性患者分别于根治术后第 6、9个月出现复发。结论 :应用CEA单克隆抗体免疫组织化学方法或CEAmRNART PCR法可以检测出常规病理检查遗漏的胃癌淋巴结微转移灶。而且RT PCR法检测胃癌淋巴结微转移较免疫组织化学法更为敏感。检测常规病理检查淋巴结阴性胃癌的淋巴结微转移 ,有助于临床准确分期 ,判断预后及指导治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.